Vox

Non notée

Année : 2014

Nombre de saisons : 1

Durée moyenne d'un épisode : 4 minutes

Genre(s) :

Vox helps you understand our world. Vox video is Mona Lalwani, Valerie Lapinski, Cath Spangler, Dion Lee, Joss Fong, Adam Freelander, Bridgett Henwood, Kim Mas, Coleman Lowndes, Christophe Haubursin, Ranjani Chakraborty, Liz Scheltens, Phil Edwards, Rajaa Elidrissi, Christina Thornell, Laura Bult, Ed Vega, Matt Dunne, Joey Sendaydiego, Melissa Hirsch, and Halley Brown, with engagement support from Jayne A. Quan. Help keep our work free for everyone by making a financial gift to Vox! http://www.vox.com/givenow Check out our FAQ on permissions and licensing of our videos: https://www.voxmedia.com/pages/licensing ✉️ Write us: voxvideo@vox.com

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Épisode 52 - The NFL's concussion crisis, explained

4 septembre 2014

The concussion crisis in football is getting harder and harder to ignore. The sport is trying to change the rules to protect players, but danger could be too deep in its DNA. Further reading: PBS' great coverage of this issue: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/league-of-denial/ Boston University's CTE Center: http://www.bu.edu/cte/about/what-is-cte/ League of Denial Q&A (sbnation) http://www.sbnation.com/nfl/2013/10/9/4817818/league-of-denial-nfl-concussion-crisis-authors-interview-pbs-frontline "Does Football have a future?" (The New Yorker) http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2011/01/31/does-football-have-a-future Written by Joseph Stromberg Produced by Joss Fong, Joe Posner, Alex Hawley Images courtesy of Getty Images Video footage from: "League of Denial: The NFL's Concussion Crisis" (PBS FRONTLINE) http://video.pbs.org/video/2365093675/ "Casualties of the Gridiron" (GQ Magazine) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H203KkqimqI&list=PL0hKMB1-xkc-T3mmvkes9q1Y25otfMfTX#t=0 "Brett Favre on NFL, Concussions" (NBC Today show) http://www.today.com/news/brett-favre-nfl-concussions-toll-has-got-be-pretty-high-2D11603374 Fight Films Guy https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XZc-5HBaWsk ClassicBoxingSociety https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1FEjWjB6UJc&list=UUJW2lNFwuVGIQkLcjY5vFiA FootzStomp https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L0_rXN5itlg Michael Boothe https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AB6oo7eQT20 James Taylor https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Qi9IdLSw9Q --- Subscribe to our channel! http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=voxdotcom Vox.com is news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com to get up to speed on everything from Kurdistan to the Kim Kardashian app. Follow Vox on Twitter: https://twitter.com/voxdotcom Or on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Vox

Épisode 88 - 2014, explained in 4 minutes

16 décembre 2014

As we complete another trip around the sun, Vox looks back at the events that defined 2014. A deadly virus gained a foothold in new territory; A terrorist group deemed too extreme by Al Qaeda invaded Iraq with ease; and long-standing tensions flared into new violence in Gaza, taking a huge civilian toll. In the United States, widespread protests of police misconduct amid big strides for marriage equality and marijuana legalization. Meanwhile, people all over the world doused themselves with buckets of ice water and a teenage girl won the Nobel Peace Prize. Subscribe to our channel! http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=voxdotcom Sources: Marijuana Al Jazeera America via Internet Archive jayurbzz https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h7X7RAO42n8 Sochii The Olympic Channel https://www.youtube.com/user/olympic Oscars Oscars https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=73fz_uK-vhs Fox Searchlight https://www.youtube.com/user/FoxSearchlight Flight 370 Reuters https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=089gFfntRrU fritzerellie https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XnfXwyh-8KY New York Times https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HUQ563y1y64 Wall Street Journal https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_IfWVsgUXx0 Mudslide Associated Press https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=47-ESu8bVlg Storyful https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z7gN1h7IhXE BringIn Trends https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=al6Fc9TquKc Ukraine RT https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wEKviJYIlJ4 Brendan Hoffman/Getty Images Kidnapped Girls Storyful https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JbPpJKkm9uE UN WebTV http://webtv.un.org/topics-issues/non-governmental-organizations/lutheran-world-federation/watch/hadiza-bala-usman-65th-un-dpingo-conference-closing-session/3756765413001 Sterling TNT Inside the NBA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PJCGGBKYLz4 NBAVideos1444 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3HRrSiO-10Q Antarctic Ice NASA Earth Observatory http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=83519 ISIS CBS via Internet Archive VICE news https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TxX_THjtXOw The White House https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VPl5qu_eAaQ World Cup Takallum Baig https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ONdde5FMj1E RuptlyTV https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W6dSu9BYSOc Gaza idfnadesk https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q1WMyHtA0XY MSNBC via Internet Archive BBC News https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xJN9fnt0rpw Sky News https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pG-V0EGDtEY PBS via Internet Archive MH 17 WUSA-9 via Internet Archive CSPAN/The Daily Conversation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QcGCBHNcKyI PainkillerBOH https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dPu1dhje3Po NOS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CImFlhuSn40 Ferguson St. Louis Post-Dispatch http://www.stltoday.com/news/special-reports/michael-brown/ Fox2 Saint Louis https://www.youtube.com/user/FOX2now Prince Ea https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xOdok6hvsco Ice Bucket Challenge ALS Ice Bucket Challenge https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yc3lMV7zGn4 Volcano DJI https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8cICS9MtRRw Ebola Doctors without Borders https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iRsbl9AXinc ODN https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AbOmgHUI0aQ New York Times https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZBbsnyqlihs BBC News https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgiYP9hJF5Y CBS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pJNnNnnmm-k Vox https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PCz0PHf4-h4 RYOT https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qsS73koAaqE Photo hack ABC via Internet Archive Ray Rice TMZSports https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VbwTMJroTbI ESPN https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qY6wO7asRMk Croaker Queen https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WJBkG_kyqxI iWatch Apple https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=38IqQpwPe7s Scotland Vote AP https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-VnYaXPIL4U Wall Street Journal https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0RzyQQ_CKyQ Hong Kong protests BBC News https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lmGuO9ThKgw Storyful https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q919bQOThvM Brittany Maynard CompassionChoices https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yPfe3rCcUeQ CBS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IEg1TxSpx4A Marriage Equality AP https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GJxlHZ_ZH18 MSNBC via Internet Archive Cronkite News https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mdp594Tbn-I Last Week Tonight https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G2W41pvvZs0 Midterms Fox News via Internet Archive WCPO.com https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lGMdrIE5Q2k Comet landing European Space Agency https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCIBaDdAbGlFDeS33shmlD0A Obamacare CSPAN via Internet Archive Warmest Year CBS via Internet Archive NASA Goddard https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gaJJtS_WDmI PBS via Internet Archive Ferguson grand jury Justin Sullivan / Getty Images MSNBC, Nov 24 Anadolu Agency / Getty Images Nobel Peace Prize Nobel Prize https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R6VQpB4kGtQ Check out our full video catalog: youtube.com/voxdotcom/videos Follow Vox on Twitter: https://twitter.com/voxdotcom Or on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Vox

Épisode 104 - Meet the enormous boats that carry your stuff

22 janvier 2015

The largest container ship in the world launched earlier this month. It's nearly the size of four football fields. Here's how container ships got so huge and transformed the global economy. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Sources: The Box, by Marc Levinson: http://www.amazon.com/The-Box-Shipping-Container-Smaller/dp/0691136408 Eric Burniche http://www.flickr.com/photos/125006583@N05/15460454056 David AE Levy https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W6lV5QR_4qk MSC via Vimeo http://vimeo.com/114546802 Maersk https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U_QChxYgYWw CaptMikeRossiter https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cHPEGzQ4_ys MINISTRO2010 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fkr_n-9-x9Q Port of Antwerp https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xtyWgPC84ss Natures Lullaby https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G9H5kzSt1yg Academic Film Archive of North America https://archive.org/details/TheSeaport Prelinger Archive https://archive.org/details/IndustryOnPa ttz_shirasawa https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC2Kbrj9L9CMDrm1cY0Dx-Lw tariqismrgrumpy https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lJx9OImrLcg USArmyBigPicture https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_5lOpXdOlr8 webministriestv https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rcuKON5iFzg BM SERVICE Tenerife https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z_Cz2eFQmOE chlordk https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6zuwLVOrkiM Allison Swaim https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c2qGh9n5Mio Humberto Florez/Sea-Land Service https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ECQVohqeUu4 lyzadanger http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fredmeyer.jpg Freddycat1 https://www.flickr.com/photos/15157516@N02/4335006028 /// Vox.com is news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com to get up to speed on everything from Kurdistan to the Kim Kardashian app. Check out our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H Or on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o

Épisode 125 - Here's what happens to your knuckles when you crack them

9 mars 2015

One man cracked his knuckles in one hand for 60 years and not the other. Watch the video to see what he found out. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO There's a long-held myth that cracking your knuckles can damage your hands. The sound definitely might make people around you cringe, but what's making those noises, and is it actually bad for you? There's a space in your joints filled with synovial fluid, a liquid that reduces the friction in your joints when you move. It contains gases (oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide). When you pop a joint, you stretch out that space between the bones. That expanding space creates negative pressure, like a vacuum, that sucks in the synovial fluid. It forms bubbles, which then collapse, and that's what you hear. Most medical sources agree that unless you experience pain when you pop your joints, you're probably fine to keep doing it. Researchers (including one man who cracked his knuckles on just one hand for 60 years) haven't established a connection between cracking your knuckles and arthritis. One 1990 study of 300 people did find that cracking knuckles over a long period of time led to hand swelling and decreased grip strength, but there hasn't been any follow-up research on that. Read it here: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1004074/pdf/annrheumd00439-0036.pdf Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 126 - The best cat videos come from the wild

11 mars 2015

These gorgeous cat videos come from camera traps -- the motion-sensing cameras that researchers are using to monitor endangered and elusive animals. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Sources: WWF Russia/ISUNR http://www.worldwildlife.org/videos/amur-leopards-caught-on-camera-trap WCS/Forestry Bureau of Jilin Province http://www.wcs.org/press/press-releases/rare-leopard-breeding.aspx Marten Slothouwer/Eyes on Leuser https://www.youtube.com/user/eyesonleuser Transylvanian Wildlife Project https://www.youtube.com/user/TWPRomania Panthera/Snow Leopard Trust https://vimeo.com/album/1733547 Jason Hon/Kyoto University http://biomasssociety.org/en/2011/10/bay-cat-captured-on-video-by-camera-traps/ Imperial College London/ZSL http://www3.imperial.ac.uk/newsandeventspggrp/imperialcollege/newssummary/news_4-11-2013-17-21-24 Laila Bahaa-el-din/Panthera http://www.panthera.org/african-golden-cats-0 Yemini Foundation for Endangered Wildlife http://www.yemenileopard.org/ Diego Mosquera/Tiputini Biodiversity Station https://vimeo.com/user24899022 Panthera https://vimeo.com/36354155 Farid Belbachir/ZSL/OPNA http://www.zsl.org/science/news/a-rare-glimpse-at-the-elusive-saharan-cheetah Jilin Wangqing National Nature Reserve / WWF http://www.worldwildlife.org/stories/rare-video-of-amur-tiger-family Norwegian University of Life Sciences/Snow Leopard Foundation Pakistan http://www.umb.no/frontpage/article/spying-on-snow-leopards Kaiberen Project via Panthera https://www.facebook.com/Kaiberen/videos?ref=stream Andean Cat Alliance https://www.facebook.com/pages/Alianza-Gato-Andino-AGA/204268532941589?ref=tn_tnmn&sk=wall A.J. Hearn and J. Ross http://www.wildcru.org/research/reaseacg-4/ Samuel Angedakin/Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology http://www.panthera.org/node/5297 Rimba/Laurie Hedges http://myrimba.org/ Uganda Carnivore Program https://www.facebook.com/uganda.carnivores Beth Gardner/Ecological Archives http://www4.ncsu.edu/~bagardne/Gardner_Lab/Welcome.html Smithsonian Wild http://smithsonianwild.si.edu/ FFI/KSNP via Panthera http://www.panthera.org/node/3697 Zoological Society of London http://www.zsl.org/conservation-initiatives/status-of-the-planet/camera-trapping WCS India http://www.wcs.org/where-we-work/asia/india.aspx WCS Afghanistan http://programs.wcs.org/afghanistan/Home.aspx Team Network http://www.teamnetwork.org/ /// Vox.com is news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com to get up to speed on everything from Kurdistan to the Kim Kardashian app. Check out our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H Or on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o

Épisode 151 - Why does the US have 800 military bases around the world?

18 mai 2015

It costs taxpayers billions to keep US bases around the globe running. Why are they there in the first place? Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO The US has around 800 military bases in other countries, which costs an estimated $100 billion annually, a number that could be much higher depending on whether you count the bases still open in Iraq and Afghanistan. This is according to American University professor David Vine in his book Base Nation, in which he seeks to quantify the financial, environmental, and human costs of keeping these bases open. The word "base" is a broad term that captures all sorts of military posts, stations, camps, forts, etc. around the globe. The Pentagon specifics that a "base site" is any geographic location that is "owned by or leased to, or otherwise possessed" by the military. Most of these bases cropped up after World War II when the US took position as the global leader and peacekeeper in and around Japan and Germany. The Korean and Cold Wars sped up the expansion of US military infrastructure to other countries. Containing Soviet communism led the US to set up posts all over the globe to ensure a geopolitical foothold in places that were vulnerable to Soviet influence — which basically meant everywhere. Even though Japan, Germany, and Korea are now American allies and stable democracies, thousands of troops and many bases still remain in these countries. Even though the Cold War is over, much of the military infrastructure built up in response to that era remains operational. American taxpayers are in charge of the bill for keeping these bases running. This estimated $100 billion is pumped out of our economy to the location of these bases. It's a massive military system that ensures US influence in every corner of the planet, and given the uncontested nature of this widespread strategy, there isn't likely to be any change soon. Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Check out our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H Or on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o

Épisode 154 - What Bill Gates is afraid of

27 mai 2015

What's likeliest to kill more than 10 million human beings in the next 20 years? It's probably not what you'd think. For much more, read Ezra Klein's feature story: http://bit.ly/3cyulAe UPDATE: Watch our 2020 follow-up interview with Gates: https://youtu.be/jLbJayQygzw There's something out there that's as bad as war, something that kills as many people as war, and Bill Gates doesn't think we're ready for it. "Look at the death chart of the 20th century," he says, because he's the kind of guy that looks at death charts. "I think everybody would say there must be a spike for World War I. Sure enough, there it is, like 25 million. And there must be a big spike for World War II, and there it is, it's like 65 million. But then you'll see this other spike that is as large as World War II right after World War I, and most people, would say, 'What was that?'" "Well, that was the Spanish flu." In a 1990 paper on "The Anthropology of Infectious Disease," Marcia Inhorn and Peter Brown estimated that infectious diseases "have likely claimed more lives than all wars, noninfectious diseases, and natural disasters put together." Infectious diseases are our oldest, deadliest foe. And they remain so today. "In a good year, flu kills over 10,000 Americans," says Dr. Thomas Frieden, director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. "In a bad year, it kills over five times that. If we have a pandemic, it will be much worse. People think the H1N1 flu wasn’t so bad. But more than 1,000 American kids died from H1N1!" Read the full Ezra Klein feature on Vox: http://bit.ly/3cyulAe And if you're revisiting this video in 2020, you can find all of our coronavirus coverage on Vox right here: http://bit.ly/3ass73s Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Check out our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H Or on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o

Épisode 203 - How mandatory minimums helped drive mass incarceration

3 septembre 2015

Mandatory minimums were supposed to help crack down on drug crime in the 80s. But they've had huge unintended consequences. 10 charts that show the racism of US criminal justice: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=InOsF5x1lZw Senator Cory Booker on "caste system" criminal justice: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jQMZGkMPDFU Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO These statutes dictate specific prison terms for certain crimes deemed uniquely harmful to society. By design, they bar judges from using discretion during sentencing. Minimums have been around since America’s founding, but the most consequential ones were erected in the 1980s in response to the ravages of the inner-city drug trade. The idea was to establish uniformly stringent punishments to both deter drug offenses and lock away kingpins. And a central feature of this framework was the now infamous minimum sentencing disparity between crack and powder cocaine violations. The US government created a 100-to-1 minimum sentence disparity between crack and powder cocaine. In the US, crack consumption is tied to income, and income is tied to race. So this arbitrary sentencing disparity has forced courts to punish black Americans much more harshly than white Americans for basically the exact same crime. As a result, tens of thousands of young men, most of whom are black, have been snatched up by law enforcement on low-level drug offenses and thrown into prison for mandatory terms that make a mockery of any sense of proportionately. This situation is so absurd that its sparked the formation of a reform coalition composed of the most unlikely of allies, including the Koch brothers, the NAACP, Newt Gingrich, the ACLU, Senator Rand Paul, and the Obama White House. Fortunately, policymakers have started injecting some common sense into the minimums regime. A landmark 2005 Supreme Court decision afforded federal judges some leeway to stray from dictated terms. A major federal criminal justice package passed in 2010 eliminated minimums for simple crack possession and dramatically ratcheted back the crack-powder sentencing disparity from 100-to-1 to 18-to-1. And President Obama recently wielded the executive commutation power to pardon 46 people serving excessive mandatory terms for nonviolent drug offenses. But there's a still a long way for the US to go to make sentencing fair. Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com to get up to speed on everything from Kurdistan to the Kim Kardashian app. Check out our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H Or on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o

Épisode 210 - Color film was built for white people. Here's what it did to dark skin.

18 septembre 2015

The unfortunate history of racial bias in photography. Subscribe today: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO For decades, the color film available to consumers was built for white people. The chemicals coating the film simply weren't adequate to capture a diversity of darker skin tones. And the photo labs established in the 1940s and 50s even used an image of a white woman, called a Shirley card, to calibrate the colors for printing. Concordia University professor Lorna Roth has researched the evolution of skin tone imaging. She explained in a 2009 paper how the older technology distorted the appearance of black subjects: "Problems for the African-American community, for example, have included reproduction of facial images without details, lighting challenges, and ashen-looking facial skin colours contrasted strikingly with the whites of eyes and teeth." How this would affect non-white people seemingly didn't occur to those who designed and operated the photo systems. In an essay for Buzzfeed, writer and photographer Syreeta McFadden described growing up with film that couldn't record her actual appearance: "The inconsistencies were so glaring that for a while, I thought it was impossible to get a decent picture of me that captured my likeness. I began to retreat from situations involving group photos. And sure, many of us are fickle about what makes a good portrait. But it seemed the technology was stacked against me. I only knew, though I didn’t understand why, that the lighter you were, the more likely it was that the camera — the film — got your likeness right." Many of the technological biases have since been corrected (though, not all of them, as explained in the video above). Still, we often see controversies about the misrepresentation of non-white subjects in magazines and advertisements. What are we to make of the fact that these images routinely lighten the skin of women of color? Tools are only as good as the people who use them. The learned preference for lighter skin is ubiquitous in many parts of the world, and it starts early. That's an infinitely tougher problem than improving the color range of photo technology. Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com to get up to speed on everything from Kurdistan to the Kim Kardashian app. Check out our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H Or on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o

Épisode 217 - Benghazi, the attack and the scandal, explained

16 octobre 2015

Let's start with what actually happened on September 11, 2012. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO On September 11, 2012, a partially armed group of men stormed a US diplomatic outpost in the Libyan city of Benghazi. At the time, it was not clear who they were or why they'd attacked. But by the time the attack was over, four Americans, including US Ambassador to Libya Christopher Stevens, had been killed. The attack ended by the early hours of September 12. But it has echoed in Washington ever since. The controversy has centered on Republican accusations that the Obama administration did not take heed of intelligence warnings before the attack, that during the attack it refused to call in available military support, and that after the attack it deliberately covered up what had happened. Repeated independent investigations have disproven all of these allegations. But Republicans have continued to push them, insisting that these failures go all the way to the top, personally involving President Obama and then-Secretary of State Hillary Clinton. They've done so partly out political expediency — they think it's a great way to attack Clinton's presidential campaign — and partly out of a genuine belief that the administration is covering up the truth. But regardless of the motivation, it's kind of paid off for Republicans: The House Select Committee on Benghazi, created by Speaker of the House John Boehner in 2014, found the first documented evidence that Clinton used unauthorized private email servers for State Department business, which became a major scandal. Unless Clinton is defeated in the Democratic primary, Benghazi will be around for the rest of the 2016 election — and if she wins, you'll likely be hearing about it for much longer. Thumbnail: Getty Images Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com to get up to speed on everything from Kurdistan to the Kim Kardashian app. Check out our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H Or on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o

Épisode 227 - The 116 images NASA wants aliens to see

11 novembre 2015

Here are all the photos flying through interstellar space on Voyager's Golden Record. http://www.vox.com/2015/11/11/9702090/voyager-golden-record-pictures Help us make more ambitious videos by joining the Vox Video Lab. It gets you exclusive perks, like livestream Q&As with all the Vox creators, a badge that levels up over time, and video extras bringing you closer to our work! Learn more at http://bit.ly/video-lab Sources: http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/spacecraft/scenes.html http://www.amazon.com/Pale-Blue-Dot-Vision-Future/dp/0345376595 http://www.amazon.com/Murmurs-Earth-Carl-Sagan-ebook/dp/B00BRUQ4HK/ref=sr_1_1 When Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 launched into space in 1977, their mission was to explore the outer solar system, and over the following decade, they did so admirably. With an 8-track tape memory system and onboard computers that are thousands of times weaker than the phone in your pocket, the two spacecraft sent back an immense amount of imagery and information about the four gas giants, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. But NASA knew that after the planetary tour was complete, the Voyagers would remain on a trajectory toward interstellar space, having gained enough velocity from Jupiter's gravity to eventually escape the grasp of the sun. Since they will orbit the Milky Way for the foreseeable future, the Voyagers should carry a message from their maker, NASA scientists decided. The Voyager team tapped famous astronomer and science popularizer Carl Sagan to compose that message. Sagan's committee chose a copper phonograph LP as their medium, and over the course of six weeks they produced the "Golden Record": a collection of sounds and images that will probably outlast all human artifacts on Earth. /// Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 281 - Why aren't all the primaries on the same day?

16 février 2016

Because Iowa and New Hampshire have taken American politics hostage, that's why. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO --- The presidential primaries effect us all. So why does it seem like it's decided by a few random people in the middle of nowhere? Well, technically, it's not. Delegates are, for the most part, awarded based on population, and are selected by primary voters or caucus-goers in all 50 states. But that's not the whole story. Timing matters, and it matters a ton. Voters in Iowa and New Hampshire, who have already voted, basically end up having votes that are five times as powerful than the rest of us. The power of the media, and how people respond to earlier results, make a huge difference. A win in Iowa or New Hampshire can give candidates momentum in later states, and a loss can force others to drop out before most states even vote. Which means if you live in a state with a later primary, your vote really doesn't matter much. Iowa and New Hampshire like going first. Voters there reward politicians who promise to let them keep going first. Both states even have laws that require them to schedule their nominating contests before any other states. So how come there isn't a national primary day, so our votes are really equal? Watch our new video above and these squirrelly little legos will explain. If you'd like more, a couple other installments of our primaries series are here. And stay tuned next Tuesday, when we'll explain who votes in Presidential primaries. --- Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com to get up to speed on everything from Kurdistan to the Kim Kardashian app. Check out our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H Or on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o

Épisode 286 - What exactly is a brokered convention?

23 février 2016

It's contentious, rare, and a throwback to a bygone political era. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com to get up to speed on everything from Kurdistan to the Kim Kardashian app. Check out our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H Or on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o --- Political journalists and pundits are in a tizzy over the possibility of a brokered GOP convention this summer. Instead of the scripted snooze-fests we're used to, we could see the kind of backroom deals and delegate-swapping that once characterized party conventions. But what, exactly, is a brokered convention? A brokered convention happens when no single candidate has a majority (51 percent) of delegates on the first round of balloting. Even if Donald Trump wins more delegates than any other candidate, if he doesn't hit that magic number (1,237) on the first round, there'll be a second ballot. That's where things can get interesting. During the second ballot, delegates from opposing camps try to convince one another to change sides. That's what happened at the 1948 GOP convention. It took three rounds of voting and horse-trading for the delegates to coalesce around Thomas Dewey. This year, a brokered convention could be the only hope for an establishment candidate like Marco Rubio. Trump and Ted Cruz have been dominating the primary polls, but are unpopular among general election voters. As a result, Politico reporter Ben Schreckinger writes, GOP insiders are preparing for the "white whale" of politics, a brokered convention. Delegates are "bound" to candidates during the first round of voting based on the results of their state's primary, but if the first ballot is inconclusive, the delegates can support a different candidate. We hardly ever see this kind of action anymore. That's because the front-loaded primary calendar usually ensures that winners get momentum and losers drop out months before the parties gather for their conventions. But in 2016, this piece of conventional wisdom, like so many others, seems to have gone out the window.

Épisode 288 - How leap year works

27 février 2016

Because the solar system doesn't care about our calendar. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO This fact has been vexing humans for centuries: Earth's year (one orbit around the sun) isn't neatly divisible by its day (one rotation about its axis). One full orbit takes more than 365 days but less than 366. That's not surprising — there's no reason for the two to be linked. The trouble comes when we try to overlay a useful calendar onto this random system. And as a result, our annual calendar is always slightly wrong. Leap year is our jury-rigged solution to this problem. To nudge our calendar closer to accuracy, we simply stick an extra day at the end of February every four years. Without it, our calendar would slowly shift further and further from the true year. But technically, we should only add 97 percent of a day. Sounds close enough but after a century, we've overcorrected the calendar by nearly a day, so there are additional "rules." Science writer Phil Plait shows all the frustrating math on this, but here's the takeaway: If the year is divisible by 4, then it’s a leap year, UNLESS it’s also divisible by 100, then it’s not a leap year, UNLESS FURTHER the year is divisible by 400, then it is a leap year. And even after all these adjustments, the calendar will gradually shift over millennia. February 29, then, is an occasion to mark the indifference of space. The chaotic formation of the solar system gave rise to Earth's life-friendly orbit and rotation. Only billions of years later did the resulting creatures try to coordinate their schedules. Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Check out our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H Or on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o

Épisode 290 - Primary voters don't really look like America

1 mars 2016

Who are these people? Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO We live in a country with a two-party system. We only get two real choices (usually) when it's time to pick a president. This means the people who pick each party's nominee play a hugely important role. So who are these people? For starters, it's a small group. Just 20 percent of American adults vote in presidential primaries. They tend to be older, whiter, and better-educated than your average general election voter. Primary voters also tend to be highly partisan, which helps explain why ideas at the fringes of each party (free college for all, a giant wall along the Mexican-US border) gain traction during the primaries. Primaries in the US are also sequential; rather than everyone voting on the same day, some states have their primaries early in the year, some later (for more on why, check out our previous videos). Unless you live in a state with an early primary, there's a good chance your party will already have a nominee by the time your state gets around to voting, meaning your vote is basically meaningless. You can see this whole dynamic playing out right now. Donald Trump did well in Iowa and New Hampshire, carried that momentum into Nevada and South Carolina, and now looks likely to win a majority of the Super Tuesday contests. When the general election comes around, the people in those states can know they had a voice in whom their party nominated. The rest of us are out of luck. Check back next week for the final episode in our series Vox Explains the Primaries. We'll explore the proliferation of strict voter ID laws that civil rights advocates say are disenfranchising hundreds of thousands of Americans. --- Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com to get up to speed on everything from Kurdistan to the Kim Kardashian app. Check out our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H Or on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o

Épisode 294 - Bosses steal billions from workers. Here's how one woman fought back.

7 mars 2016

Stealing from workers is treated a lot differently than regular theft Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO If you steal $600 worth of merchandise, the police will probably come after you. But if your employer steals $600 of your wages, you are likely to never see that money again. And chances are high that you have experienced wage theft yourself, whether you work a 9-to-5 job or are an independent contractor. The Economic Policy Institute estimates that wage theft is costing US workers $50 billion a year. And even though New York has one of the strongest wage theft protection laws on the books, it is actually very difficult to enforce those laws in practice. According to a 2015 report from the Center for Popular Democracy, "2.1 million New Yorkers are victims of wage theft annually and are cheated out of cumulative $3.2 billion in wages and benefits they are owed." A recent survey by the Freelancers Union found that 71 percent of freelancers have had difficulty getting paid and that the average loss per freelancer is approximately $6,000 a year. One large group that is especially hard hit by seemingly endemic nonpayment issues is day laborers. This workforce is predominantly composed of immigrants who tend to work sporadically without written contracts. And women are especially vulnerable: "Not only do women day laborers earn significantly less than their male counterparts but they also tend to experience bigger challenges in providing legal evidence in cases of wage theft," Maria Figueroa, director of labor and policy research at the Industrial and Labor Relations School of Cornell University, told us in an email exchange. Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com to get up to speed on everything from Kurdistan to the Kim Kardashian app. Check out our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H Or on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o

Épisode 365 - Why no aquarium has a great white shark

8 juillet 2016

Many have tried to keep a white shark in captivity. Here's why that's so difficult. ✉️ Sign up for our newsletter: http://www.vox.com/video-newsletter There are several aquariums around the world, including one in Georgia, that house whale sharks, the biggest fish in the sea. But not one has a great white shark on display. Aquariums have made dozens of attempts since the 1970s to display a captive great white shark. Most of those attempts ended with dead sharks. By the 2000s, the only group still trying was the Monterey Bay Aquarium, which spent a decade planning its white shark program. In 2004, it acquired a shark that became the first great white to survive in captivity for more than 16 days. In fact, it was on display for more than six months before it was released back into the ocean. In the following years, the Monterey Bay Aquarium hosted five more juvenile white sharks for temporary stays before ending the program in 2011. It was an expensive effort and had come under criticism due to injuries that some of the sharks developed in the tank. Responding to those critics, Jon Hoech, the aquarium's director of husbandry operations, said: "We believe strongly that putting people face to face with live animals like this is very significant in inspiring ocean conservation and connecting people to the ocean environment. We feel like white sharks face a significant threats out in the wild and our ability to bring awareness to that is significant in terms of encouraging people to become ocean stewards." Check out the video above to learn why white sharks are so difficult to keep in captivity and how the Monterey Bay Aquarium designed a program that could keep them alive. Link to the Biodiversity Heritage Library: https://www.flickr.com/photos/biodivlibrary/albums Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Check out our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H Or on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o

Épisode 407 - The 1995 Hubble photo that changed astronomy

21 septembre 2016

The Hubble Deep Field, explained by the man who made it happen. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO If you hold a pin at arm’s length up in the air, the head of the pin covers approximately the amount of sky that appears in the Hubble Deep Field. The iconic 1995 image is crowded, not because it’s a broad swath of sky but because it’s a broad swath of time. The Hubble Deep Field is more than 12 billion light-years deep. Robert Williams was the director of the Hubble’s science institute back in 1995, and it was his decision to attempt a deep field observation with the telescope. Previous calculations had indicated that Hubble would not be able to detect very distant galaxies, but Williams figured they’d never know unless they tried. His team chose a completely dark part of the sky, in order to see beyond the stars of the Milky Way, and programmed Hubble to stare at that spot for 10 days. It was unusual to use precious observing time to point the telescope at nothing in particular, but that’s what they did. "We didn’t know what was there, and that was the whole purpose of the observation, basically — to get a core sample of the universe," Williams said, borrowing the concept of the "core sample" from the earth sciences. "You do the same thing if you're trying to understand the geology of the Earth: Pick some typical spot to drill down to try to understand exactly what the various layers of the Earth are and what they mean in terms of its geologic history." What makes the Hubble Deep Field an atypical core sample is that rather than observing the material as it is now, the telescope collected images of galaxies as they appeared millions and billions of years ago. Since light can only travel so fast, the telescope is a peephole into the history of the universe. Click here to download the Hubble Deep Field images: http://www.spacetelescope.org/science/deep_fields/ Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Check out our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H Or on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o

Épisode 439 - Someday: The long fight for a female president

9 novembre 2016

Why all 45 American presidents are men. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO In 1788, Thomas Jefferson wrote that American women shouldn’t "wrinkle their foreheads with politics." A century and a half later, when Hillary Clinton was born, that attitude still prevailed. That year, 1947, the US had zero female senators, zero female governors. The Supreme Court, and the Oval Office of course, had only ever seen men. It was only really in the past 40 years that women learned they could lead and men learned they could be led by women. That revolution in American culture is still ongoing, but the idea that women are naturally unfit for government is now so alien to younger generations that many feel uncomfortable even considering the gender of a political candidate. The realities, however, lag behind the attitudes. Women make up only about 20 percent of the US House and the US Senate, and about 25 percent of state government. Before 2008, no woman had come close to being nominated for president on a major party ticket. Before 2016, no woman had come close to winning the presidency. But Hillary Clinton is not the only trailblazer on the long path toward someday breaking America’s 240-year, 58-election streak of male presidents. Through the '70s, '80s, and '90s, women in politics underwent the rocky process of teaching the country that they could be equally effective and competent leaders as men, a process that occurred in parallel at workplaces around the country. They dismantled stereotypes, named and condemned sexual harassment, and slowly erased the novelty of female decision-makers, at least at the legislative level. Their work is our inheritance. Sources: The Highest Glass Ceiling: Women's Quest for the American Presidency https://www.amazon.com/Highest-Glass-Ceiling-American-Presidency-ebook/dp/B01BKS5O9C/ref=sr_1_1 The World Split Open: How the Modern Women's Movement Changed America https://www.amazon.com/World-Split-Open-Movement-Changed-ebook/dp/B00BIR2S8Q/ref=sr_1_1 Breakthrough: The Making of America's First Woman President https://www.amazon.com/Breakthrough-Making-Americas-First-President-ebook/dp/B01AR51QKA/ref=sr_1_1 Big Girls Don't Cry: The Election that Changed Everything https://www.amazon.com/dp/B003L786NM/ref=dp-kindle-redirect?_encoding=UTF8&btkr=1 Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Check out our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H Or on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o

Épisode 452 - Why blackface is still part of Dutch holidays

1 décembre 2016

The debate over Zwarte Piet (Black Pete), explained. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO This year, like every year, people will take to the streets across the Netherlands and Belgium to celebrate holiday festivities by dressing up as St. Nicholas and his "assistant," Black Pete. And like every year, people will put on blackface — including big red lips and afro wigs — to portray Black Pete. According to the legend, St. Nicholas (Sinterklaas in Dutch) lives in Spain, arrives in Holland by boat every year with a team of black assistants in tow, and spends a month delivering presents to children across the country. Ever since the release of a children’s book in 1850, however, that myth has included a black caricature named Zwarte Piet, or Black Pete. So is Black Pete racist? Clearly, yes. I spent part of my childhood in Belgium, growing up with this tradition, and I’ve heard a lot of excuses that try to justify continuing the tradition. Some people say Black Pete doesn’t have black skin; instead, he’s just covered in soot from delivering presents through the chimney. Others say he’s St. Nicholas’s friend, and has never been a slave caricature. But historically, none of the defenses really hold up. Change is happening, slowly. Though a 2014 decision to remove Black Pete from Amsterdam’s Sinterklaas parade was overturned in a higher court, city parade organizers have taken it upon themselves to gradually remove Black Pete’s racist characteristics from celebrations. One of the ways they’ve done that is by introducing Chimney Pete, an alternative interpretation of the character without the Afro wig, earrings, or exaggerated lips — and with only a bit of soot dusted on his face. Half of all performers at the 2015 Amsterdam festival were Chimney Petes, and the plan was to boost that number to 75 percent for 2016. But in a surprise announcement, the city decided to replace all Black Petes with Chimney Petes for the 2016 holidays. These efforts are still being met with resistance. In November 2017, pro-Zwarte Piet protesters obstructed highway access into Dokkum to block anti-Zwarte Piet protesters, even though the city had given them permission to demonstrate peacefully. The protest, which the mayor subsequently forbade out of concern about riots, has since been rescheduled with higher police presence. Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Check out our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H Or on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o

Épisode 475 - The battle over for-profit colleges, explained

9 janvier 2017

At for-profit colleges, all students are welcomed—and so is your financial aid. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Correction: We mistakenly highlighted Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis at 4:20 in the video as a for-profit university. Colorado Technical University, one above IUPUI in the list, is the for-profit institution we meant to highlight. The best (and also free!) place to explore repayment options for federal student loans is: https://studentaid.ed.gov/sa/repay-loans There's also the Public Service Loan Forgiveness Program. If you're employed by a government or certain type of nonprofit the program forgives the remaining balance on Direct Loans after 120 qualifying monthly payments while working full-time. https://studentaid.ed.gov/sa/repay-loans/forgiveness-cancellation/public-service#qualifying-employment Qualifications for student loan discharge: https://studentaid.ed.gov/sa/repay-loans/forgiveness-cancellation Getting out of default: https://studentaid.ed.gov/sa/repay-loans/default/get-out Higher education is expensive, so people want to get the best deal— a high quality college education at a low cost. This is similar in the way which many for-profit colleges and universities advertised themselves. Many students soon found that the cost of upward mobility through certain for-profit institutions wasn't the answer for them. These schools saw a huge jump in enrollment during the 2000s. Fueled by a struggling economy and the expansion of federal financial aid for college, many students saw the advertisements of for-profit schools as attainable and affordable. But almost two decade later, there are new regulations to reign in the predatory schools profiting off student debt. And today, over a dozen for-profit colleges in the US (ITT Tech, Corinthian Colleges, Sanford Brown, and others) have closed their doors for good. Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com to get up to speed on everything from Kurdistan to the Kim Kardashian app. Check out our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H Or on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o

Épisode 495 - Minecraft isn't just a game. It's an art form.

6 février 2017

Minecraft maps are unique worlds, but they can also be an art form. Follow Phil Edwards and Vox Almanac on Facebook for more: https://www.facebook.com/philedwardsinc1/ Thanks to Blockworks for sharing their process: http://blockworksmc.com/ The images come from Beautiful Minecraft: https://www.nostarch.com/beautifulminecraft We used a wide range of maps in this video. In addition to maps you can find on Blockworks' website, you can explore some of the maps we used here: Explore the VoxAlmaworld we made (nothing happens beyond the main island, and the construction is nothing to stare at. It's like how you put a 5-year-old's artwork on the fridge: it's terrible, but they tried their best): http://bit.ly/2kQR3I4 Map of London by Known the Ranger: http://www.planetminecraft.com/project/london-14-please-comment/ Canada Flag by Xidorn: http://www.planetminecraft.com/project/canada-flag-2114723/ Blockworks Maps: Temple: http://www.planetminecraft.com/project/palladian-minecraft/ Gotham: http://www.planetminecraft.com/project/gotham-city-3620267/ Fallout: http://www.planetminecraft.com/server/falloutmc/ Deconstructed Lego Plane: http://www.planetminecraft.com/project/deconstructed-lego-plane/ Tomorrowland: http://www.planetminecraft.com/project/tomorrowland-3318609/ Aeternium: http://www.planetminecraft.com/project/aeternium---the-symphony-of-dreams/ Templecraft: http://www.planetminecraft.com/project/templecraft-3258021/ Climate Hope City: http://www.planetminecraft.com/project/climate-hope-city/ Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com to get up to speed on everything from Kurdistan to the Kim Kardashian app. Check out our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H Or on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o

Épisode 504 - Why China is building islands in the South China Sea

17 février 2017

China claims they aren't military bases, but their actions say otherwise. Join the Vox Video Lab: http://bit.ly/video-lab Since 2014, China has been building islands in the middle of the South China Sea. What were once underwater reefs are now sandy islands complete with airfields, roads, buildings, and missile systems. In less than two years, China has turned seven reefs into seven military bases in the South China Sea, one of the most contentious bodies of water in the world. The sea is one of the most important areas of ocean in the world. It’s estimated to hold 11 billion barrels of oil, 109 trillion cubic feet of natural gas, and 10 percent of the world’s fisheries. Most importantly, 30 percent of the world’s shipping trade flows through the South China Sea to the busy ports of Southeast Asia. It’s an incredibly important strategic area, and five countries currently claim some part of it. Most countries base their claims off the United Nations Law of the Seas, which says a country’s territory extends 200 miles off its shores, an area called the exclusive economic zone, or EEZ. Any trade or resources that fall in a country’s EEZ belong to that country; they’re its sovereign territory. Any area that is not in an EEZ is considered international waters and subject to UN maritime law, meaning it’s shared by everyone. Every country in the region, which includes Malaysia, the Philippines, Brunei, and Vietnam, bases its claim to the South China Sea on the UN’s EEZ laws — except China. China argues it has a historical claim to the South China Sea, dating back to naval expeditions in the 15th century. After World War II, the Japanese Empire lost control of the South China Sea, and China took advantage of the moment to reclaim it. On maps, it started drawing a dashed line that encompassed most of the South China Sea. This line became its official claim and is known today as the Nine-Dash Line, because it always has nine dashes. In 1973, when the UN law established EEZs, China reaffirmed its Nine-Dash Line, refusing to clarify the line’s boundaries and rejecting other countries’ claims. Since then, tensions have built around who rightfully owns the South China Sea. The dispute has centered on the Spratly Islands, an archipelago at the heart of the South China Sea. Currently, China, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Vietnam claim some part of the Spratly Island chain. They’ve asserted their claims by putting small buildings, ports, and even some people on what are essentially rocks in the middle of the ocean. But the Spratlys are very important, because whichever country can successfully claim them can extend its EEZ to include them, thus gaining miles of precious sovereign territory. This is why China began building up islands in 2014. By turning these rocks into military bases, the Chinese are now able to support hundreds of ships, bolstering their presence in the region. They are using fishing boats, surveillance ships, and navy destroyers to set up blockades around other countries’ islands and defend their own. This is all done very cautiously and in small steps in order to avoid sparking a wider conflict. Since China began building islands, the disputes have not become violent. But tensions are building in the region. As China deploys more of its military to the Spratlys, other countries are getting nervous and building up their own islands. It’s a complex situation that will continue to gain international attention, for better or for worse. Read more on Vox: https://bit.ly/3iWURXb To truly understand the international conflicts and trends shaping our world you need a big-picture view. Video journalist Sam Ellis uses maps to tell these stories and chart their effects on foreign policy. Watch more Vox Atlas videos right here: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ8cMiYb3G5e4MOmzf-piIWQb4INRW18g Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Check out our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H Or on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o

Épisode 513 - One paragraph of Obamacare saved this boy’s life

2 mars 2017

A baby was born 6 days after an Obamacare regulation — and it made all the difference. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Read Sarah Kliff's full article: http://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2017/2/15/14563182/obamacare-lifetime-limits-ban Timmy Morrison was delivered by emergency C-section, weighing in at 3 pounds, 9 ounces. Doctors put him under anesthesia within a week and into surgery within a month. Some of the contents of his stomach sometimes made their way to his lungs. Workers in the intensive care unit frequently needed to resuscitate him. He arrived seven weeks premature — but, in a way, just at the right time. Six months before Timmy was born, President Barack Obama signed a sweeping health care law that would come to bear his name. Six days before Timmy’s birth, the Obama administration began to phase in a provision that banned insurance companies from limiting how much they would pay for any individual’s medical bills over his or her lifetime. At the time the Affordable Care Act passed, 91 million Americans had employer-sponsored plans that imposed those so-called lifetime limits. That group included Timmy’s parents, whose plan previously included a $1 million lifetime limit. This Obamacare provision took effect September 23, 2010. Timmy was born September 29. On December 17, he surpassed $1 million worth of bills in the neonatal intensive care unit. He didn’t leave the NICU until he was 6 months old. If Timmy had been born a week earlier, his medical benefits could have run out while he was still in the NICU. But that didn’t happen. His insurer covered everything. The NICU bills his parents save total just over $2 million (they come out to $2,070,146.94, to be exact). Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com to get up to speed on everything from Kurdistan to the Kim Kardashian app. Check out our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H Or on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o

Épisode 517 - The Republican health care bill makes no sense

8 mars 2017

The bill doesn’t know what problem it’s trying to solve. For more Vox analysis: http://www.vox.com/2017/1/5/14179258/obamacare-repeal-republican-votes-trump You can read the bill here: http://www.cnn.com/2017/03/06/politics/house-republicans-obamacare-repeal-replace-text/ https://waysandmeans.house.gov/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/03.06.17-AmericanHealthCareAct_Summary.pdf Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Republicans in the House have finally released a bill to repeal and replace Obamacare: the American Health Care Act. The GOP healthcare bill keeps some of the most popular parts of Obamacare, like letting young adults stay on their parents' health insurance until age 26 and requiring insurance companies to cover people with pre-existing conditions. But the Republican bill gets rid of the key element that made Obamacare work: the individual mandate. Now that people aren't required to have insurance, healthy people could leave insurance pools en masse, leaving sick people who are more expensive to cover. Hypocrisy is a minor sin in politics, but still, it is remarkable how much of it there is to be found in this legislation. A core Republican complaint when Obamacare was passed was that the law delayed many of its provisions in order to reduce public outcry and manipulate the CBO’s score. The GOP bill is similarly aggressive with such tricks, delaying changes to the Medicaid expansion until 2020 and pushing Obamacare’s tax on expensive insurance plans out until 2025. Because Republicans aren’t even trying to win Democratic votes, they’re stuck designing a bill that can wiggle through the budget reconciliation process (another thing they complained about Democrats doing). That means they can’t make major changes to insurance markets like repealing Obamacare’s essential benefit standards or allowing insurance to be sold across state lines. That last part is particularly striking, given that it was one of President Trump’s five demands in his speech last week. I’ve always been skeptical about the savings Republicans could wrest by changing those regulations, but now they can’t get those savings at all — which means sacrificing a key part of their theory of cost control. This bill has a lot of problems, and more will come clear as experts study its language, the Congressional Budget Office release its estimates, and industry players make themselves heard. But the biggest problem this bill has is that it’s not clear why it exists. What does it make better? What is it even trying to achieve? Democrats wanted to cover more people and reduce long-term costs, and they had an argument for how their bill did both. As far as I can tell, Republicans have neither. At best, you can say this bill makes every obvious health care metric a bit worse, but at least it cuts taxes on rich people? Is that really a winning argument in American politics? In reality, what I think we’re seeing here is Republicans trying desperately to come up with something that would allow them to repeal and replace Obamacare. This is a compromise of a compromise of a compromise aimed at fulfilling that promise. But “repeal and replace” is a political slogan, not a policy goal. This is a lot of political pain to endure for a bill that won’t improve many peoples’ lives, but will badly hurt millions. Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com to get up to speed on everything from Kurdistan to the Kim Kardashian app. Check out our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H Or on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o

Épisode 518 - How to impeach a president

10 mars 2017

What we can learn from Reconstruction, Watergate, and the Clinton saga. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO [2:31] CORRECTION: A previous version of this video misstated the year of Andrew Johnson's impeachment. He was impeached in 1868, not 1863. The founding fathers included impeachment in the constitution so that Congress would have a way to remove leaders who had "rendered themselves obnoxious," in the words of Benjamin Franklin. But the way they set up the process, it's nearly impossible to remove a president from office without substantial support from the president's own party. That's what happened during Watergate: some congressional republicans protected Richard Nixon, but others demanded to know the extent of his involvement in a break-in at the headquarters of the Democratic National Committee, and the subsequent cover-up. In the words of then-Senator Howard Baker, a Republican from Tennessee, "What did the President know, and when did he know it?" It was pressure from Republican leaders like Barry Goldwater that made Nixon resign before the House could vote on articles of impeachment-- Goldwater convinced Nixon that too many Republicans were willing to vote to remove him from office, he'd never survive a Senate vote. The opposite was true during the impeachment proceedings for Bill Clinton. After it became clear he lied during a deposition for a sexual assault suit brought by a former employee, Paula Jones, about his relationship with a different employee, Monica Lewinsky, Republicans in Congress argued the offense was serious enough to be impeachable. Democrats disagreed, and although the House voted to impeach Clinton on a party-line vote, not a single Democratic senator voted to remove him from office. If a President still has the support of a majority of his political party, history suggests the chances for impeaching and removing him from office are slim to none. While legal scholars, activists, and some Democratic members of Congress have pushed for articles of impeachment against Donald Trump, it seems unlikely at this point that a substantial number of Republicans would break rank in the Senate to create a 2/3 majority in favor of removal from office. Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Check out our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H Or on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o

Épisode 522 - How poaching is changing the face of African elephants

15 mars 2017

It's "natural" selection. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Many thanks to Dr. Joyce H. Poole, Dr. Tammie Matson, Andrew Parker, and African Parks. To learn more about their ongoing work in elephant conservation, visit their websites below: https://500elephants.org/ https://www.african-parks.org/ https://www.elephantvoices.org/ https://matsonridley.com/ And for a little pick-me-up… Cute Baby Elephants https://youtu.be/SNggmeilXDQ https://youtu.be/JHlWvn_RCQI https://youtu.be/UeTmE71uEaw https://youtu.be/gAYCbnEZ4p8 https://youtu.be/t2kAPfUEaZM Elephants and their ancestors have roamed the African continent for millions of years. They are the largest land animals on earth and can live up to 70 years. Elephants are profoundly intelligent and social creatures. They have trunks that serves as their nose, arm, and fingers. But elephant populations have taken a massive hit to their populations. Despite an international ban on the ivory trade and other laws to protect elephants, their overall populations continue to fall due to habitat loss and rampant poaching for their tusks. Because of that, a once rare trait is being passed onto more African elephants. The trait is tusklessness, The loss of tusks is only the beginning. The real devastation occurs with the loss of a groups matriarch. The oldest and most experienced grandmothers are the family’s living memory of migration routes, friendly elephants, food and water sources, etc. Matriarchs are also, the first in line to protect their families and without them an entire group of elephants can fall apart. But with China banning ivory in 2017, providing stronger incentives to protect elephants, and sustained conservation efforts from organizations like ElephantVoices, African Parks, and others, elephants may stand a chance to roam the continent as their ancestors once did. Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com to get up to speed on everything from Kurdistan to the Kim Kardashian app. Check out our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H Or on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o

Épisode 528 - From spy to president: The rise of Vladimir Putin

23 mars 2017

Putin’s intent on pushing back against the Western world order... and it appears to be working. Follow Vox for the latest: https://bit.ly/3Kcg9Nb Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Vladimir Putin has been ruling Russia since 1999. In that time he has shaped the country into an authoritarian and militaristic society. The Soviet Union dissolved into 15 new countries, including the new Russian Federation. In Putin’s eyes, Russia had just lost 2 million square miles of territory. But Putin’s regime has also developed and fostered the most effect cyber hacker army in the world and he’s used it to wreak havoc in the West. But the election of Donald Trump brings new hope for the Putin vision. Trump’s rhetoric has been notably soft on Russia. He could lift sanctions and weaken NATO, potentially freeing up space for Putin’s Russia to become a dominant power once again. Note: This video is from 2017. For more reporting about the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine watch our latest video: https://youtu.be/MVu8QbxafJE Read more from Vox: https://bit.ly/3hBNll2 Or listen to our podcasts that cover the history of the situation, pull in expert voices, and more: https://open.spotify.com/playlist/0QVMmiEXj4S5NTz6Ze6N6Y?si=fbbeecfc70e14b8f&nd=1 Sources: 2:42 "Russian Hell" https://archive.org/details/RussianHell_MPEG Further reading: Putin's Kleptocracy: Who Owns Russia? By Karen Dawisha Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 529 - We're the only daily news source in our part of rural Alaska. Trump's budget would devastate us.

24 mars 2017

In some places high speed internet cannot replace local journalism. The idea of defunding public media in the United States, as President Trump’s new budget proposes, is nothing new according to Shane Iverson, “but it’s serious every time it happens.” Iverson is the general manager of a small public broadcast station in Bethel, Alaska — one of the only reliable news sources in the Bethel Census Area. And if the Trump budget were to pass, it would cut funding to the Corporation for Public Broadcasting — which would in turn mean that his station might not get the money it needs to stay open. Iverson’s station, KYUK, is one of the hundreds of public media outlets to receive support from the Corporation for Public Broadcasting. In 2015, the CPB spent $129 million — or nearly 30 percent of its entire budget — on direct grants to support over 500 public broadcasters across the United States. Among those broadcasters were some 162 radio stations that serve rural communities with the mandate “to provide all Americans with free, over-the-air access to public broadcasting's programming and services.” In the 49 years since its founding, the Corporation for Public Broadcasting has been successful in meeting that mandate. Today, 95 percent of all Americans can freely watch or listen to public media, including programming from NPR and PBS. But if President Trump has it his way that might change. If his new federal budget proposal were to pass as is, the entire budget of the CPB would be cut. National broadcasters NPR and PBS could most likely survive the elimination of the CPB. But small market public broadcasters, most often found in rural American towns, often rely heavily on federal funding. And they might find themselves unable to continue operations. Disappearing with them would be the local news and programming that many rural communities depend on. It’s that scenario that Shane Iverson, the general manager of a small public broadcast station in Bethel, Alaska, hopes does not come to pass. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com to get up to speed on everything from Kurdistan to the Kim Kardashian app. Check out our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H Or on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o

Épisode 535 - Our video recommendations | Thank you 2 million subscribers!

5 avril 2017

Here are some awesome videos that our team thinks you should check out: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ8cMiYb3G5eqy5GUl0V3MFUSiMyPF8qp Individual recommendations: Joe Posner : “Powers of Ten” - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0fKBhvDjuy0 Joss Fong: Chilly Gonzales analyzes Under Pressure - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4t9DVjPQq9g Carlos Maza: "Lighthouses" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7pFXwLfmWJ8&index=9&list=PLJ8cMiYb3G5eqy5GUl0V3MFUSiMyPF8qp Gina Barton: Tank And The Bangas: NPR Music Tiny Desk Concert - https://youtu.be/QKzobTCIRDw Sam Ellis: YETI film series: “Cosmo” - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MNfBHLp_FKg Christophe Haubursin - “Sean Spicer's Alternative ABCs” - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c_H_wiI46D8 Matteen Mokalla: “Shouting in the Dark” - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xaTKDMYOBOU Phil Edwards: The Cinematography of Arrival DP Bradford Young - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bOYXA4iyitE Coleman Lowndes: “Bergman’s Dreams” - https://youtu.be/JFQtlSvdWxQ Johnny Harris: Tariq Trotter at the Other Side Series - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M8DxO-66jrA Val Lapinski: “City Relaxation” - https://youtu.be/1qiKE5WdX5k?list=FLgoSxaMUlRdO1XpiDh5ie6A Carlos Waters: “Watchtower of Turkey” - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z7yqtW4Isec Dean Peterson: “New York Car Guys” - https://youtu.be/6sRTESxfFK0 Dion Lee: “Nathan for you: Funeral Home” - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JvqcoR2AGMw&t=52s Mac Schneider: “Slow Tv, Bergen to Oslo” - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z7VYVjR_nwE&t=14753s Estelle Caswell: “Nardwuar vs. Questlove” - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FwWR-SGIsBU Liz Scheltens: What makes your city walkable? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8IrL0S-x674&index=10&list=PLJ8cMiYb3G5eqy5GUl0V3MFUSiMyPF8qp Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com to get up to speed on everything from Kurdistan to the Kim Kardashian app. Check out our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H Or on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o

Épisode 544 - I was a prominent neo-Nazi. Ignoring white extremists is a mistake.

14 avril 2017

"We have a domestic terrorism issue that we hardly talk about." Update: This video was originally published on Vox platforms on February 27, 2017. Since that time, the Israeli police have arrested a 19-year-old Jewish man with dual American-Israeli citizenship as the main suspect in hundreds of bomb threats made against Jewish community centers in the US and worldwide. http://www.vox.com/2017/3/23/15038030/jewish-community-center-jcc-suspect-arrest-bomb-threat-israel-us As of April 14, 2017, investigations into the desecration of Jewish gravestones in the St. Louis area, also mentioned in this video, remain ongoing. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Bomb threats against Jewish community centers across the country. The desecration of headstones at a Jewish cemetery in St. Louis, Missouri. For Christian Picciolini, these recent incidents are not necessarily surprising. He’s at the forefront of warning Americans against the growing threat from white nationalists. What makes Picciolini’s insight into these individuals so compelling is that he used to be one. When he was only 14, Picciolini was recruited by Clark Martell, a prominent neo-Nazi skinhead leader. By age 18, Picciolini was leading America’s first neo-Nazi skinhead gang and helping to recruit and organize cells across the country. Picciolini worked to soften the neo-Nazis’ external image and political language to attract individuals who would otherwise not have been willing to join the movement. “We hear terms like ‘liberal media,’ when in fact what they are talking about is Jewish media,” Picciolini told me. “We used to say that the Jews controlled the media. And now they've just massaged the phrase to call it ‘liberal media.’” Picciolini began his transformation from neo-Nazi to anti-hate advocate in his late teens. “Having my child when I was 19 years old and being married was a powerful catalyst for me because I finally had something to love,” he said. In 2010 he co-founded Life After Hate, a not-for-profit organization dedicating to fighting racism and violent extremism. Five years later he published his memoirs of his time in the neo-Nazi movement, Romantic Violence: Memoirs of an American Skinhead. “I'm still pulling up the weeds from all those seeds of hate that I planted,” he said, “which is why I have dedicated the last 20 years of my life to help eradicate racism.” Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com to get up to speed on everything from Kurdistan to the Kim Kardashian app. Check out our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H Or on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o

Épisode 546 - I’m a Tea Party conservative. Here’s how to win over Republicans on renewable energy.

18 avril 2017

"This earth belongs to all of us." Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Activist Debbie Dooley has some choice words for individuals who believe that fossil fuels have no impact on the environment. “If you think fossil fuel is not damaging the environment,” she says, “pull your car in a garage, start up your engine, and inhale the exhaust fumes for a few minutes and see what happens.” You could be forgiven for suspecting that Dooley might be a Democrat. According to a Gallup poll conducted last year, 85 percent of Democrats believe humans are contributing to increases in global temperature. But she’s not. Dooley is a conservative, gun-owning Trump supporter who also happens to be a co-founder of the Tea Party. Dooley runs Conservatives for Energy Freedom, where she advocates for the expansion of renewable energy and for cuts to government regulations she believes hinder that growth. Through her efforts, she has even won over unlikely allies such as Al Gore. The problem, according to Dooley, when speaking of her fellow conservatives, is that “they've been brainwashed for decades into believing we're not damaging the environment.” As a result, Dooley speaks with her fellow conservatives about renewable energy in a political language conservatives respect, using phrases like energy freedom, energy choice, and national security. According to Dooley, when speaking to conservatives in these terms, “you have a receptive audience and they will listen to you. If you lead off with climate change, they're not going to pay a bit of attention to anything else you say.” Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com to get up to speed on everything from Kurdistan to the Kim Kardashian app. Check out our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H Or on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o

Épisode 548 - Marine Le Pen: France’s Trump is on the rise

20 avril 2017

A political push from the French far-right. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com to get up to speed on everything from Kurdistan to the Kim Kardashian app. Marine Le Pen is the leader of France's far-right political party, Front National or the "National Front". She took over the party in 2011 from her father and founder of the party, Jean-Marie Le Pen. Since then, she has kicked her father out of the party as part of a process known as "dédiabolisation". By removing her father, Marine Le Pen hoped to cut ties with the anti-Semitic reputation that he had cultivated for the party. Despite this effort, her recent comments on the Vel' d'Hiv roundup have hindered her attempts to distance the party from it's xenophobic and anti-Semitic past. As the French election approaches, many are wondering whether the nationalist fervor that has swept across Europe will continue gaining momentum in France. Like British leaders promising a Brexit, Le Pen would like to secure a referendum for a Frexit from The European Union, which she believes is a globalist organization that favors German interests over those of France. In addition to the threat of globalization, she fears the erosion of a distinctly French identity. Accordingly, she would like to pursue anti-Immigration policies as president that would severely cut back on the rising number of asylum requests granted to newly arrived refugees from Syria, North Africa, and elsewhere in The Middle East. Like American president Donald Trump, she cites concerns about safety in order to defend her anti-immigration platform. In addition to restricting immigration, she has promised to protect France from Islamist fundamentalism, which she believes is a religious entity that serves to promote terrorism. Critics claim that her policies are Islamophobic, but she defends her platform by maintaining that her most pressing interest is protecting France for the French. In doing so, she often references the distinctly French concept of secularism known as laïcité. Recent terrorist attacks in Paris in 2015 and attacks in Nice in 2016 have stoked xenophobic and racist sentiments in France. Marine Le Pen is hoping that those fears translate into votes in the 2017 French presidential election. Check out our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H Or on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o

Épisode 552 - Going green shouldn't be this hard

26 avril 2017

Going green does not need to be a sacrifice, either for us as individuals or for businesses, governments and the economy. This is the second episode of Climate Lab, a six-part series produced by the University of California in partnership with Vox. Hosted by Emmy-nominated conservation scientist Dr. M. Sanjayan, the videos explore the surprising elements of our lives that contribute to climate change and the groundbreaking work being done to fight back. Featuring conversations with experts, scientists, thought leaders and activists, the series takes what can seem like an overwhelming problem and breaks it down into manageable parts: from clean energy to food waste, religion to smartphones. View the first episode at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DkZ7BJQupVA and check back next Wednesday for the next episode. Visit http://climate.universityofcalifornia.edu for more. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO And check out the University of California’s channels: https://goo.gl/PhoV3G https://goo.gl/Ec2hml /// The University of California is a pioneer on climate research, renewable energy and environmental sustainability. UC is dedicated to providing scalable solutions to help the world bend the curve on climate change. UC research is also paving the way for the university to meet its goal of becoming carbon neutral by 2025. Read more about our commitment at https://goo.gl/z2fN3O Follow UC on Facebook: https://goo.gl/QJZSZK Or on Twitter: https://goo.gl/MKFNcv Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com to get up to speed on everything from Kurdistan to the Kim Kardashian app. Check out Vox’s full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H Or on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o

Épisode 554 - Ezra Klein: 100 days of Trump’s flailing presidency

28 avril 2017

Governing is not a reality tv show. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO What we’re learning, day by day, is there’s no magic to Trump. When he does things people hate, he becomes unpopular. When he backs bad legislation and bad processes, the bills fail. When he doesn’t prioritize staffing his government, his government doesn’t get staffed. When he doesn’t choose aides who know how to manage a presidency, his presidency careens forward unmanaged. When he doesn’t spend time learning about the policies he backs, he’s unable to persuade the American people of their benefits. When he doesn’t build deep relationships with the legislators in his party, he proves unable to corral them. Trump has not found a shortcut for American politics. To succeed at a hard job, he has to work hard in ways and at tasks that he has, thus far, shown little aptitude for or interest in. Trump himself may never be a normal president, but the system he leads remains more normal than many expected. While it's easy to imagine scenarios where that ceases to be true — a terrorist attack, for instance — the fact remains that so far, incompetence, not autocracy or even ruthless efficacy, has defined the Trump administration. He has achieved much less than his predecessors at this point in their presidencies, and he has done so at great cost to his own popularity. Trump is struggling with the same veto points and limitations that frustrate all presidents, but he is further held back by his own inexperience and undisciplined approach. It is possible Trump will yet recover. But it is also possible he’ll enter a failure loop, where his unpopularity and his scandals and his failed initiatives and his poor management lead to more public anger and more aggressive congressional investigation and more failed initiatives and more fracturing and infighting among his staff. The 2018 elections are a long way away, but Trump is off to a very bad start. Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com to get up to speed on everything from Kurdistan to the Kim Kardashian app. Check out our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H Or on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o

Épisode 556 - Why your old phones collect in a junk drawer of sadness

3 mai 2017

Smartphones shouldn’t be so disposable. Could fixing the way we make our phones help solve climate change? This is the third episode of Climate Lab, a six-part series produced by the University of California in partnership with Vox. Hosted by Emmy-nominated conservation scientist Dr. M. Sanjayan, the videos explore the surprising elements of our lives that contribute to climate change andthe groundbreaking work being done to fight back. Featuring conversations with experts, scientists, thought leaders and activists, the series takes what can seem like an overwhelming problem and breaks it down into manageable parts: from clean energy to food waste, religion to smartphones. View other episodes at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DkZ7BJQupVA and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BxKfpt70rLI Check back next Wednesday for the next episode. Visit http://climate.universityofcalifornia.edu for more. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO And check out the University of California’s channels: https://goo.gl/PhoV3G https://goo.gl/Ec2hml iFixit’s channel: https://www.youtube.com/user/iFixitYourself /// The University of California is a pioneer on climate research, renewable energy and environmental sustainability. UC is dedicated to providing scalable solutions to help the world bend the curve on climate change. UC research is also paving the way for the university to meet its goal of becoming carbon neutral by 2025. Read more about our commitment at https://goo.gl/z2fN3O Follow UC on Facebook: https://goo.gl/QJZSZK Or on Twitter: https://goo.gl/MKFNcv Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com to get up to speed on everything from Kurdistan to the Kim Kardashian app. Check out Vox’s full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H Or on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o

Épisode 557 - Cory Booker: Why Trump should try being nice on Twitter

4 mai 2017

Social media could be a uniting force. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO President Trump courted controversy throughout his unorthodox presidential campaign not only for his outrageous statements, but also for his social media habits that critics dubbed as bullying. Today Trump’s personal account is the 41st most followed on Twitter. But even though he has amassed a large following, his off-the-cuff tweeting approach hasn’t changed. Since winning the presidential election, Trump has used twitter to insult Meryl Streep, opine on foreign policy and complain about the reporting of media outlets such as CNN and The New York Times. But there are some policy makers, such as Senator Cory Booker of New Jersey that use the platform differently. While serving as mayor of Newark, New Jersey, Booker made a name for himself on Twitter by personally responding to constituent requests made through the platform. He even delivered diapers to a Newark denizen stuck at home with her child during a snowstorm after he had heard about the situation on Twitter. Like many with a large following, Booker is often the subject of insults and trolls on social media. But unlike the president, he often responds to his online critics with kindness. Watch the video, the latest from our Vox Voices series, to see how the former “Mayor of Twitter” and current Senator from New Jersey uses social media to take on critics (including friendly jabs from Mindy Kaling) and why he thinks President Trump should use Twitter to help unite a divided America. Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com to get up to speed on everything from Kurdistan to the Kim Kardashian app. Check out our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H Or on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o

Épisode 566 - The surprising pattern behind color names around the world

16 mai 2017

Why so many languages invented words for colors in the same order. Help us make more ambitious videos by joining the Vox Video Lab. It gets you exclusive perks, like livestream Q&As with all the Vox creators, a badge that levels up over time, and video extras bringing you closer to our work! Learn more at http://bit.ly/video-lab In 1969, two Berkeley researchers, Paul Kay and Brent Berlin, published a book on a pretty groundbreaking idea: that every culture in history, when they developed their languages, invented words for colors in the exact same order. They claimed to know this based off of a simple color identification test, where 20 respondents identified 330 colored chips by name. If a language had six words, they were always black, white, red, green, yellow, and blue. If it had four terms, they were always black, white, red, and then either green or yellow. If it had only three, they were always black, white, and red , and so on. The theory was revolutionary — and it shaped our understanding of how color terminologies emerge. Read more on the research mentioned in this video: Cook, Kay, and Regier on the World Color Survey: goo.gl/MTUi9C Stephen C. Levinson on Yele color terms: goo.gl/CYDfvw John A. Lucy on Hanunó'o color terms: goo.gl/okcyC3 Loreto, Mukherjee, and Tria on color naming population simulations: goo.gl/rALO1S To learn more about how your language's color words can affect the way you think, check out this video lecture: goo.gl/WxYi1q Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com to get up to speed on everything from Kurdistan to the Kim Kardashian app. Check out our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H Or on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o

Épisode 567 - The fight to rethink (and reinvent) nuclear power

17 mai 2017

New nuclear energy technology has come a long way - but can we get over our fears? This is the fifth episode of Climate Lab, a six-part series produced by the University of California in partnership with Vox. Hosted by Emmy-nominated conservation scientist Dr. M. Sanjayan, the videos explore the surprising elements of our lives that contribute to climate change and the groundbreaking work being done to fight back. Featuring conversations with experts, scientists, thought leaders and activists, the series takes what can seem like an overwhelming problem and breaks it down into manageable parts: from clean energy to food waste, religion to smartphones. Sanjayan is an alum of UC Santa Cruz and a Visiting Researcher at UCLA. Prior episodes at https://goo.gl/Htdlkb/ Check back next Wednesday for the final episode. Visit http://climate.universityofcalifornia.edu for more.Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO And check out the University of California’s channels: https://goo.gl/PhoV3G https://goo.gl/Ec2hml /// The University of California is a pioneer on climate research, renewable energy and environmental sustainability. UC is dedicated to providing scalable solutions to help the world bend the curve on climate change. UC research is also paving the way for the university to meet its goal of becoming carbon neutral by 2025. Read more about our commitment at https://goo.gl/z2fN3O Follow UC on Facebook: https://goo.gl/QJZSZK Or on Twitter: https://goo.gl/MKFNcv Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com to get up to speed on everything from Kurdistan to the Kim Kardashian app. Check out Vox’s full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyEFollow Vox on Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5HOr on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o

Épisode 570 - The evolution of American protest music

20 mai 2017

Music is a critical form of expression in American politics — especially in times of political and social unrest. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Dating back to the early days of colonization, American protest songs have shifted in style and form. The earliest protest songs were written in an era of oral tradition, where simplicity and familiarity were required to make music the music catch on. The invention of sound recording subsequent mass distribution on the radio changed the way that society interacted with protest music. Now the songs didn't necessarily need to be so catchy, or based on melodies that people already knew. That thread led to an explosion of the art form, with artists from jazz, gospel, folk and many other backgrounds contributing to the protest music canon. In the 1980s, the advent of music video on television opened up a new medium of artistic expression. Now there was a visual element to add to a video — the filmed content as potent as the music itself in directing discourse. In the modern era, interactivity reigns supreme. Whether it's a clever deliverance of a hashtag, or multiplatform virality, protest music has adapted to the era by using modern tools to boost the point of views of artists. You can read more on the history behind these songs and many more in this write-up here by Vox.com staff writer Bridgett Henwood. https://www.vox.com/culture/2017/4/12/14462948/protest-music-history-america-trump-beyonce-dylan-misty Also, if you enjoyed this piece, you might be interested in 33 Revolutions per Minute by Dorian Lynskey — it was a great resource in the creation of this content. Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com to get up to speed on everything from Kurdistan to the Kim Kardashian app. Check out our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H Or on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o

Épisode 571 - How dead is the Great Barrier Reef?

22 mai 2017

Coral bleaching is the biggest threat to the Great Barrier Reef. But it's too early for obituaries. Start your Audible 30-day free trial at http://www.audible.com/vox Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Sources: https://www.eposters.net/pdfs/the-2014-2016-global-coral-bleaching-event-preliminary-comparisons-between-thermal-stress-and.pdf http://www.globalcoralbleaching.org/ http://catlinseaviewsurvey.com/gallery https://www.coralcoe.org.au/media-releases/two-thirds-of-great-barrier-reef-hit-by-back-to-back-mass-coral-bleaching https://www.coris.noaa.gov/activities/reef_managers_guide/reef_managers_guide.pdf https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms12093 http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0114321 https://www.nature.com/articles/srep39666 https://www.flickr.com/search/?user_id=61021753%40N02&view_all=1&text=coral NBC 1970 https://archive.org/details/greatbarrierreef Guillaume Debever https://vimeo.com/82607901 Martin Lalonde https://vimeo.com/119572437 Australia's Great Barrier Reef is the largest coral reef system in the world and the only living structure visible from space. Although ecosystem managers in Australia have worked hard to preserve the reefs, the past couple of decades have brought a new threat that can't be solved by any one country alone: human-induced global warming. Rising ocean temperatures have caused mass coral bleaching in coral reefs around the world, in every tropical ocean from the Caribbean to the South Pacific. This is now considered to be the biggest threat that coral reefs face, and they face many, including overfishing, pollution, storm damage, and invasive species. Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com to get up to speed on everything from Kurdistan to the Kim Kardashian app. Check out our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H Or on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o

Épisode 573 - Scientists really aren’t the best champions of climate science

24 mai 2017

Facts and data alone won’t inspire people to take action in the fight against global warming. So what will? This is the sixth episode of Climate Lab, a six-part series produced by the University of California in partnership with Vox. Hosted by Emmy-nominated conservation scientist Dr. M. Sanjayan, the videos explore the surprising elements of our lives that contribute to climate change and the groundbreaking work being done to fight back. Featuring conversations with experts, scientists, thought leaders and activists, the series takes what can seem like an overwhelming problem and breaks it down into manageable parts: from clean energy to food waste, religion to smartphones. Sanjayan is an alum of UC Santa Cruz and a Visiting Researcher at UCLA. Taking action on global warming doesn’t stop here. Check out this video on the the power of the African-American church in the fight against climate change: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WmoxzeB-BZg Prior episodes at https://goo.gl/Htdlkb/ Visit http://climate.universityofcalifornia.edu for more. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO And check out the University of California’s channels: https://goo.gl/PhoV3G https://goo.gl/Ec2hml /// The University of California is a pioneer on climate research, renewable energy and environmental sustainability. UC is dedicated to providing scalable solutions to help the world bend the curve on climate change. UC research is also paving the way for the university to meet its goal of becoming carbon neutral by 2025. Read more about our commitment at https://goo.gl/z2fN3O Follow UC on Facebook: https://goo.gl/QJZSZK Or on Twitter: https://goo.gl/MKFNcv Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com to get up to speed on everything from Kurdistan to the Kim Kardashian app. Check out Vox’s full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyEFollow Vox on Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5HOr on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o

Épisode 574 - Ramzan Kadyrov: brutal tyrant, Instagram star

25 mai 2017

Meet the Chechen leader allegedly torturing gay people. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Ramzan Kadyrov is the leader of Chechnya. He is a Putin proxy that has been in charge of the Russian republic since 2007. Recent reports have alleged that Kadyrov is systematically identifying and persecuting homosexual Chechen citizens. Many have fled the country in fear and have given interviews detailing his plans to kidnap, torture, and kill gay people. Despite the dark revelations, Kadyrov has continued to maintain an upbeat profile on Instagram, where he is a prolific user. Post by post, Kadyrov has used the social media platform to carefully craft a public image that distracts from his sinister behavior. Online he tends to post pictures of animals, selfies with friends, sports clips, and glamorous footage of Grozny, the capital of Chechnya. On the other hand, he also features imagery that hints at the darker aspects of his leadership. Kadyrov has a personal militia, called the “Kadyrovtsy”, and in various posts they can be seen shooting guns, performing training exercises, and practicing combat tactics. In doing so, he implies a clear threat to anyone who chooses to cross the Chechen leader. Two other common subjects are his religious faith and Vladimir Putin. Kadyrov is a devout Muslim and he leverages his faith to promote a strict interpretation of Islam: one that limits the role of women and endorses cruel punishment. He is also a fervent supporter of Vladimir Putin, the president of Russia. By featuring Putin in his posts, Kadyrov makes his deference to the Russian leader explicit. That is because Putin helped bring Kadyrov to power and affirms the authority of his Chechen subordinate. As long as Kadyrov maintains stability in the North Caucasus, Putin will continue to protect Kadyrov. That being said, if anyone is going to hold Kadyrov responsible for the troubling accusations about gay persecution, it will be Vladimir Putin. The more the world takes notice, the more Putin will have to, as well. Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 579 - How obsessive artists colorize old photos

30 mai 2017

Photo colorization artists use a combination of research, physics, and technology to digitally reconstruct history's black and white record. Help us make more ambitious videos by joining the Vox Video Lab. It gets you exclusive perks, like livestream Q&As with all the Vox creators, a badge that levels up over time, and video extras bringing you closer to our work! Learn more at http://bit.ly/video-lab Artist links: Jordan Lloyd (@jordanjlloydhq): http://dynamichrome.com/ Mads Madsen (@Madsmadsench): http://www.colorized-history.com/ Marina Amaral (@marinamaral2): http://www.marinamaral.com/ Dana Keller (@HistoryInColor): http://www.danarkeller.com/ Patty Allison (@imbuedwithhues): https://imbuedwithhues.wordpress.com/ The Paper Time Machine: https://unbound.com/books/paper-time-machine Photo colorization isn’t just coloring within the lines — it requires meticulous research to make sure that every detail is historically accurate. The color of military uniforms, signs, vehicles, and world fashion spanning decades needs to be accounted for before even opening digital software like Photoshop. That means digging through sources like diaries, government records, old advertisements, and even consulting historical experts to get the colors right. But even after the arduous research, restoration, and blending of color, the image still isn’t finished. In order to achieve true photorealism, the physics of how light works in the atmosphere needs to be taken into account. Colors look different depending on the lighting conditions when the photo was taken, so artists rely on shadows and the location of light to make an educated guess about the time of day in a black-and-white photo. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com to get up to speed on everything from Kurdistan to the Kim Kardashian app. Check out our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H Or on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o

Épisode 593 - Why people keep watching the worst movie ever made

14 juin 2017

Many people consider The Room to be the worst movie of all time. So why do thousands of people flock to midnight screenings of it every month? Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com to get up to speed on everything from Kurdistan to the Kim Kardashian app. Check out our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H Or on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Tommy Wiseau’s film The Room (2003) is by many accounts the worst movie ever made. The plot barely makes sense, the set design is comically inept, and most of the dialogue sounds like it was fed through Google Translate multiple times. Yet, for 14 years, people have been congregating at midnight screenings all across the globe to watch what some people call “the Citizen Kane of bad movies.” Despite the film’s incoherency, audiences ritualistically throw plastic spoons, shout call and response lines at the screen, and toss around footballs in the aisles at monthly screenings. Knowing all the inside jokes and participatory cues gives viewers what sociologist Pierre Bourdieu termed “cultural capital.” People who know when to shout specific lines or when to hurl spoons are deemed Room veterans. Contrary to what you may think, researchers have found that an appreciation of this kind of “trash cinema” can actually indicate higher levels of intelligence. Trash films share more characteristics with avant-garde art films than they do with typical commercial Hollywood fare. Audiences are drawn to both “trash” and “art” films for many of the same reasons, like their transgressive nature and their rejection of mainstream aesthetic norms. Watch the video to know more about The Room and be sure to pick up Bissell’s book (that he co-wrote with Greg Sestero) to read many more legendary stories about the production of the “best worst movie.” Special thanks to Stephen Goldmeier for permission to use his photo in the video.

Épisode 594 - How fan films shaped The Lego Movie

15 juin 2017

The 2014 film was an animation feat — but it was built on the legacy of homemade fan movies. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO When you watch installments of the Warner Bros. line of Lego movies, it's hard not to be struck by how realistic the animation is. It isn't quite traditional stop motion — but it sure looks as if it could be. That's largely thanks to the work of the animators at Animal Logic, a Sydney-based visual effects studio that has worked on The Lego Movie, The Lego Batman Movie, and the upcoming The Lego Ninjago Movie. Powered by live action filming techniques and a close attention to detail, the studio has helped reinvent what Lego animations can look like. But they owe a lot of that aesthetic to the influence of fan films. Since the early 1970s, enthusiasts have made home movies with their own Lego sets. They're called Brickfilms — and they've grown into a sizable community producing great movies and helping many young animators get their start. The Lego Movie animators learned from what made those home movies so good by embracing the limitations of the medium, and creating a world that anyone could could rebuild at home. Check out some of the Brickfilms we showed in this video: The Magic Portal: https://youtu.be/jde4qHbCtSg Journey to the Moon: https://youtu.be/SW583kCiOWo Matrix 2003: https://archive.org/details/Matrix2003 Monty Python and the Holy Grail in Lego: https://archive.org/details/MontyPythonAndTheHolyGrailInLegoFlv Tapporalli 2020: https://archive.org/details/tapporalli Predator Montage: https://archive.org/details/PredatorMontageClip ONE: A Space Odyssey: https://archive.org/details/oneaspaceodyssey Krieg der Steine: https://archive.org/details/KriegDerSteine Batman Begins Montage: https://archive.org/details/Batman_Begins_Montage_clip Delivery: https://archive.org/details/DeliveryH264 Star Wars Brickfilm: https://archive.org/details/Danstarwarsbrickfilm-test Victim: https://archive.org/details/Victim_h264 For a great explainer on how to make your own Brickfilm at home, check out this video: https://youtu.be/ukFWYe-ZeTw Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Check out our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H Or on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o

Épisode 606 - Wildlife crossings stop roadkill. Why aren't there more?

3 juillet 2017

A better way for animals to cross the road. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Sources: Highway Wilding: http://www.highwaywilding.org/ ARC Solutions: https://arc-solutions.org/ Wildlife-Vehicle Collision Reduction Study: Report To Congress: https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/safety/08034/exec.cfm#sec01 Western Transportation Institute Road Ecology Program: https://westerntransportationinstitute.org/programs/road-ecology/ "How Effective Is Road Mitigation at Reducing Road-Kill? A Meta-Analysis" T. Rytwinski et. al: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27870889 Images: Leanne Allison/Jesse Whittington: https://vimeo.com/57614273 Cminna: https://youtu.be/D2yAVuacAoM DKrieger: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gr%C3%BCnbr%C3%BCcke_B_31.jpg El-polacio.com: https://youtu.be/E4KpjwcJs24 Benjamin P. Y-H. Lee: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wildlife_overpass_in_Singapore.jpeg m01229: https://flic.kr/p/FVDvhe Maine Audobon: https://youtu.be/WFUqPffRuEg Larry Lamsa: https://flic.kr/p/Sbe5KM Tamsin Mackay: https://youtu.be/AxfLddaWS7g Ganesh Raghunathan: https://youtu.be/0bverFVj-OY Isydia Vibes: https://youtu.be/imSMcX16ZzU Washington State Department of Transportation: http://wsdotblog.blogspot.com/2015/06/make-way-for-wildlife-building-i-90.html Wyoming Department of Transportation: https://youtu.be/slE0wem1z6g /// Roadkill harms animals, endangers drivers, and costs billions of dollars every year. In Banff National Park in Alberta, Canada, wildlife scientist Tony Clevenger and other researchers have proven that constructing overpasses and underpasses for animals decreases roadkill and improves ecological connectivity. Many animals, including deer, elk, grizzlies, moose, lynx, cougars and others, have been recorded using the structures. Although animal crossing structures have been fairly common in Europe for a few decades, there are relatively few in North America. In The United States, the crossing structures that have been built, in places like Washington State and Wyoming, were partly inspired by the research Clevenger conducted in Banff. To create even more of them, Clevenger worked with a team of experts, including ecologist Nina-Marie Lister, to organize a design competition. The competition, named ARC solutions, was held in order to generate more cost-effective crossing designs that are also sustainable and environmentally friendly. The competition generated many new models for animal crossings and Clevenger and Lister hope that highway planners will adjust their approach to structure design based on them. /// Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com to get up to speed on everything from Kurdistan to the Kim Kardashian app. Check out our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H Or on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o

Épisode 613 - The hidden oil patterns on bowling lanes

13 juillet 2017

Every bowling lane has a hidden oil pattern. In this episode of Vox Almanac, Phil Edwards finds out what that means. Help us make more ambitious videos by joining the Vox Video Lab. It gets you exclusive perks, like livestream Q&As with all the Vox creators, a badge that levels up over time, and video extras bringing you closer to our work! Learn more at http://bit.ly/video-lab Every lane has a pattern. In this episode of Vox Almanac, Phil Edwards explores how they change the game. Bowling isn’t just about a great ball and good form — if you want to understand the sport, you have to understand the lane. Every bowling lane, including the one in your neighborhood alley, is coated with an oil pattern to protect the wood. But these patterns aren’t just for protection — the way in which oil is applied to the lane can affect the speed and direction of your ball. These patterns are so important that recreational bowlers and professional bowlers bowl on vastly different patterns — the Professional Bowlers Association (PBA) even classifies the patterns it uses in tournaments. Phil Edwards met with professional bowler Parker Bohn III at his childhood bowling alley, Howell Lanes in Howell, New Jersey. He guided Phli through the complex strategy a pro bowler uses when encountering different oil patterns. Not only do they have to assess which pattern is in use, but they also have to judge how that pattern changes as the oil shifts and slides over the day. Knowing how to play a specific lane can be the difference between a title and second place. But these patterns aren’t just for the pros — they’re relevant to recreational bowlers as well. Watch the video to see how you can use these patterns to step up your game. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com to get up to speed on everything from Kurdistan to the Kim Kardashian app. Check out our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H Or on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com to get up to speed on everything from Kurdistan to the Kim Kardashian app. Check out our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H Or on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o

Épisode 619 - Why people get so excited about a total solar eclipse

20 juillet 2017

How solar and lunar eclipses work. Become a Vox Video Lab member! http://bit.ly/video-lab Note: This is an update of a video we published in 2015. In this video we explain the differences between a solar and lunar eclipse and why some believe that a total eclipse of the sun is the greatest natural phenomenon of them all. Total solar eclipses are a big deal not because of how infrequent they are — there’s a total solar eclipse every 18 months on average — but because of how little of the Earth’s surface falls in the path of any given eclipse shadow. The next total solar eclipse to visit the US will be in 2024. If an eclipse happens to come to your town, you’re lucky. Any given location will see a total solar eclipse only once in more than 300 years, on average. The vast majority of us will have to travel to an eclipse path if we want to see a total eclipse in our lifetimes. Thankfully NASA has mapped every eclipse that will occur for the next 1,000 years: https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEpubs/5MCSE.html Watch: Eclipse chasers tell us what it's like to witness a total solar eclipse. https://youtu.be/Xo26Or1GGWE The next solar eclipse over the United States will be in 2024. After that? 2045. Then 2052, 2078, and, if you’re truly blessed with longevity, a great one over Maine in 2079. Sources: Getty Images https://www.amazon.com/Totality-Great-American-Eclipses-2017/dp/0198795696/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1500557252&sr=8-1&keywords=totality NASA: https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/search.cgi?series=383 Eclipse catalog: https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEcat5/catalog.html Dmitry Chulkov: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FrXJfVFbnfU Bernt Rostad: https://www.flickr.com/photos/brostad/2773255031 mtsrs: https://www.flickr.com/photos/mtsrs/3768574487 CNES/CNRS/NASA: https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11133 Marc Aragnou: https://vimeo.com/108544802 Jesse Olson: https://vimeo.com/57820123 redwing115: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yljQ3XsFU_8 Xavier Jubier: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E53RbhQjajA vfr800hu: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NlnMc6biFCw mikewattsuk/bbc: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xt3C5MM7Jkg Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Check out our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H Or on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o

Épisode 624 - How fentanyl is making the opioid epidemic even worse

27 juillet 2017

Fentanyl, a drug more potent that heroin, is the latest iteration of America's evolving opioid epidemic. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO /// Sources: CDC Wonder: https://wonder.cdc.gov/ CDC 2015 heroin report: https://www.cdc.gov/vitalsigns/heroin/index.html /// Correction: an earlier version of this video inaccurately visualized data on the number of drug overdose deaths estimated to have occurred in 2015 and 2016 at 4:49. It showed 690 dots, it's been revised to the correct 650. /// Fentanyl is the latest iteration in an opioid epidemic that is claiming an increasing number of American lives. In the mid 1990s, Americans started getting hooked on prescription pills in record numbers. Many users found their way to addiction by abusing pills like OxyContin, Percocet, and Vicodin – prescription opioids that had been prescribed by medical professionals to treat pain. Hoping to stem an increasing number of opioid overdoses, the US government limited the supply of prescription pills by restricting regulations, prosecuting irresponsible physicians, and penalizing drug manufacturers. As a result, addicts had access to fewer pills so they turned to a more potent opioid: heroin. As the rate of heroin usage began climbing, the desire for even more potent opioids soon increased. Within a few years, overdoses caused by another opioid began rising: fentanyl. Three years after US heroin overdoses began rising, overdoses caused by synthetic opioids (e.g., fentanyl) began rising as well. Now, even more potent opioids, like carfentanil, are starting to be used by opioid addicts. The iterative progression of the opioid epidemic demonstrates the need for more responsible drug policy: in addition to cracking down on the supply of drugs, authorities can work to reduce the demand for opioids by providing and promoting effective addiction treatments. /// Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com to get up to speed on everything from Kurdistan to the Kim Kardashian app. Check out our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H Or on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o

Épisode 633 - The real reason streetcars are making a comeback

9 août 2017

It’s mostly about economic development. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Starting in the late 20th century, modern streetcar proposals started rippling across municipalities in the United States. They’re touted as infrastructure carrying benefits ranging from the social to economic and the environmental. But these projects often make appearances in the news as costly, blunder-filled experiments in public policy. Cities are willing to bet big on this technology for its potential to develop the local economy. But there is some disagreement as to whether the streetcar is driving this progress, or if it is simply the result of planning *around* the streetcar. If you're looking for more information on public transportation and urban planning, here are a few links: This interactive map by Yonah Freemark and Steven Vance allows you to zoom in on all public transportation projects across North America. http://www.thetransportpolitic.com/transitexplorer/#6/38.617/-78.673 This paper by Randal O'Toole of the CATO institute looks closely at the policy winds that drives streetcar proposals. https://www.cato.org/publications/policy-analysis/desire-named-streetcar-how-federal-subsidies-encourage-wasteful-local-transit-systems For more information on New York City's streetcar proposal, you can check out the Friends of the BQX website here: http://www.bqx.nyc. For a view of local opinions on the BQX, you can check out this documentary. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e8XmFjZOSSo&feature=youtu.be Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com to get up to speed on everything from Kurdistan to the Kim Kardashian app. Check out our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H Or on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o

Épisode 634 - DC’s abandoned fire and police call boxes, explained

10 août 2017

A massive underground network of cables connected street corners to emergency services long before the telephone was invented. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO You’ve probably walked by them on street corners in Washington, DC: old cast-iron fixtures that definitely used to be something. Most are hollowed, while some have art installations or representations of local history inside. But what are they? And why are they all over the city? These relics were actually crucial for urban communication before the days of the telephone. They’re fire and police call boxes, and they were installed in DC in the late 1800s. The fire boxes, which came first, relied on a telegraph system. If you saw a fire, you would run down to the box and turn the key inside. It would send a message through underground cables to the central alarm center. The transmission matched a location on a giant map, telling the fire department where to send help. The police boxes were used a little differently. They had telephones connected directly to the police department. The boxes were used by officers on patrol to check in from different street corners at different times to update central command, call for backup, or receive updated orders for their patrol area. Over time, with the telephone becoming a common household technology and the invention of the 911 system in the 1970s, the boxes, which had cropped up across the country, slowly became obsolete. In DC, they were entirely abandoned as the city deemed the upkeep too expensive. But in 2000, they found purpose again. A nonprofit organization called Cultural Tourism DC initiated "Art on Call" to restore the call boxes. The program encouraged local artists to turn them into neighborhood icons. So now these boxes serve the same street corners that they did more than 100 years ago. Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Check out our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H Or on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o

Épisode 638 - Tales from the shadow of the moon

16 août 2017

Eclipse chasers tell us what it's like to witness a total solar eclipse. Become a Vox Video Lab member! http://bit.ly/video-lab The August 21, 2017, total solar eclipse in the US was the most-viewed totality in history and the first for a whole generation of Americans. But there is a small community of enthusiasts who have already seen 5, 12, even 30 total eclipses before. That's because after their first eclipse, they were hooked, and now spend all of their vacation time and spare money chasing total solar eclipses around the world, with the solar system as their travel guide. We interviewed 9 of these eclipse veterans to find out what totality is like, what we should expect, and whether they have advice for first-timers. For more, watch our explainer video on the how solar and lunar eclipses work and what makes a total solar eclipse so special: https://youtu.be/oNH3akWXaV8 Images and footage: Fred Espenak http://www.mreclipse.com/pubs/21CCSE.html Kerry Laitala https://vimeo.com/57309871 Steve Newman https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gAacZoIJUN0 Internet Archive https://archive.org/details/EclipseDeSoleilEnPleineLune NASA: https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hinode/news/eclipse-movies.html Warner Bros https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bk61uFqqhL4 FreeSound.org credits: robinhood76 http://freesound.org/people/Robinhood76/sounds/93570/ crooner http://freesound.org/people/crooner/sounds/222362/ jesabat http://freesound.org/people/jesabat/sounds/119725/ pakasit http://freesound.org/people/pakasit21/sounds/138049/ sergiogranadamoreno http://freesound.org/people/sergiogranadamoreno/sounds/389388/ mwirth http://freesound.org/people/mwirth/sounds/137174/ hanstimm http://freesound.org/people/hanstimm/sounds/73019/ harpoyume http://freesound.org/people/harpoyume/sounds/86084/ thisisminime http://freesound.org/people/ThisIsMiniMe/sounds/327406/ pastabra http://freesound.org/people/Pastabra/sounds/366010/ Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Check out our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H Or on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o

Épisode 645 - The collapse of Venezuela, explained

25 août 2017

Venezuela is in chaos. How did we get here? Correction at 1:58: The Supreme Court tried to strip the country’s National Assembly of its powers in March 2017 and not 2016. We regret the error. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Venezuela was once the richest country in Latin America. It has the largest known oil reserves in the world and its democratic government was once praised world wide. But today, Venezuela’s democratic institutions and its economy are in shambles.The country has the highest inflation in the world, making food and medicine inaccessible to most Venezuelans. Over the last four years, its GDP has fallen 35%, which is a sharper drop than the one seen during the Great Depression in the US. The country’s murder rate has surpassed that of the most dangerous cities in the world. These conditions have sparked months of protests against the president, Nicolas Maduro. And it’s easy to see why: the country has become measurably worse since his election in 2013. For more on the Supreme Court ruling: https://www.vox.com/world/2017/5/1/15408828/venezuela-protests-maduro-parliament-supreme-court-crisis Sources: 0:56 https://tradingeconomics.com/venezuela/inflation-cpi , https://tradingeconomics.com/venezuela/consumer-price-index-cpi , http://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/PPPPC@WEO/OEMDC/ADVEC/WEOWORLD/VEN?year=2017 , https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crime_in_Venezuela#/media/File:1998_to_2013_Venezuela_Murder_Rate.png https://www.reuters.com/article/us-venezuela-economy-forex-idUSKBN1AP2LM 1:25 https://www.scribd.com/document/354981596/Datanalisis-Informe-Omnibus-Julio-2017-ODH-Consultores#from_embed (Page 22) http://www.datanalisis.com/ 1:54 https://www.wsj.com/articles/maduro-s-allies-stack-venezuelas-supreme-court-1450912005 3:27 https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=24432 3:44 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Venezuela_Poverty_Rate_1997_to_2013.png 4:00 https://www.economist.com/news/finance-and-economics/21720289-over-past-year-74-venezuelans-lost-average-87kg-weight-how 4:40 https://www.cato.org/research/troubled-currencies?tab=venezuela Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Become a member of the Vox Video Lab! http://bit.ly/video-lab Check out our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H Or on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o

Épisode 647 - How climate change makes hurricanes worse

29 août 2017

Here's what we know about climate change and hurricanes. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO We know that humanity's carbon footprint has shifted the baseline conditions of the climate, the context in which every weather event takes place. But trying to isolate the human influence from everything else that is going on can be really hard, especially for hurricanes, or what scientists call "tropical cyclones." They're super complex and the quality of the historical data we have for them isn't great. We do have physics, though. Hurricanes are driven by the transfer of heat from the sea to the air through evaporation. The storm's maximum possible wind speed, or its potential intensity, depends in part on how warm the ocean is – and of course, we're warming the ocean. So researchers expect intense tropical cyclones to become frequent if we continue to warm the planet. The hurricanes of the future will also be wetter. So coastal cities will face freshwater flooding from the sky paired with storm surge from the sea, which is higher now because we are also causing sea levels to rise. And that trend of wetter storms isn't just for hurricanes. Heavy precipitation events from other types of storms have been increasing in The US and should continue to increase across the country. Even in places that might see less rain over the whole year, they'll get more days with really heavy precipitation. This comes down to basic physics too: warmer air can take up more water before it dumps it back down on us. All of this means global warming worsens floods like the kind that hit Houston. But it's not our destiny to hurt ourselves like this. It depends on what we choose to do now. We could rethink our infrastructure and regulations to minimize the damage, but unless we also start cutting our carbon emissions and shifting the world to clean energy, it's just going to get worse. Sources: Peter Sinclair: https://www.yaleclimateconnections.org/author/psinclair/ IPCC AR5: https://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg1/WG1AR5_Chapter14_FINAL.pdf National Climate Assessment: http://nca2014.globalchange.gov/report/our-changing-climate/heavy-downpours-increasing NOAA/EPA https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-sea-surface-temperature https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-sea-level Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Check out our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H Or on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o

Épisode 653 - DACA, explained

6 septembre 2017

Protection from deportation and the chance to work have been life-changing for DACA recipients. Will Trump get rid of it? Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO The most consequential decision President Donald Trump made on immigration in his first year in office wasn’t about the wall, or who’s going to pay for it, or anything else he talked about incessantly on the campaign trail. It was his decision to announce, on September 5, that his administration would be winding down the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program — a program he didn’t mention outright, that many people didn’t know about and even fewer understood. The Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program, or DACA, which has protected nearly 800,000 young adult unauthorized immigrants from deportation and allowed them to work legally since 2012. The immigrants protected through DACA grew up in the US; people might not assume they are unauthorized immigrants, and they might not have even known it themselves until they were teenagers. The program was supposed to give them a chance to build a life here. Now, DACA is on the chopping block. Trump, under pressure to make a decision about its future before September 5 (the day a group of Republican state officials were set to sue over its constitutionality), has decided that no one new will be protected under the program — and that those currently covered will start to lose their protection and work permits on March 6, 2018. The prospect of DACA’s demise is throwing the program into sharp relief: calling attention to the “DREAMers” who’ve been able to benefit from it, and the ways in which their lives have been changed over the past five years. Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Check out our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H Or on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o

Épisode 654 - The colleges where the American dream is still alive

7 septembre 2017

These schools are much better than Harvard, Yale, or Princeton at making poor kids rich. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Wealthy, prestigious universities such as Harvard Yale, Stanford and Columbia garner billions in donations with the message of financial aid. They show off case after case of talented students from humble backgrounds reaching the top 1% after attending elite schools. The story goes that these universities aren’t just world leaders in cutting-edge research, they’re engines of upward social mobility. But the latest research by the Equality of Opportunity project suggests this is a myth. A study 10.8 million people on the effect colleges have at moving kids born into the bottom 20 percent of the income distribution up to the top 20 percent showed that though elite universities are very good at moving students up the income ladder, they let in very few low-income students. The problem isn’t one of financial aid, but outreach; thousands of high-achieving poor kids just aren’t applying to elite schools. The true heroes are less selective schools that let in a large number of students from the bottom 20%. They include Cal State Los Angeles and PACE University. These schools take in the most low-income students who move to the top fifth of income in the US after graduation. Read more about colleges offering the most social upward mobility: https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2017/2/28/14359140/chetty-friedman-college-mobility Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com to get up to speed on everything from Kurdistan to the Kim Kardashian app. Check out our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H Or on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o

Épisode 658 - What Hillary Clinton really thinks

12 septembre 2017

Hillary Clinton’s theory of politics is unfashionable, but she doesn’t care. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO On page 239 of What Happened, Hillary Clinton reveals that she almost ran a very different campaign in 2016. Before announcing for president, she read Peter Barnes’s book With Liberty and Dividends for All, and became fascinated by the idea of using revenue from shared natural resources, like fossil fuel extraction and public airwaves, alongside revenue from taxing public harms, like carbon emissions and risky financial practices, to give every American “a modest basic income.” Her ambitions for this idea were expansive, touching on not just the country’s economic ills but its political and spiritual ones. “Besides cash in people’s pockets,” she writes, “it would be also be a way of making every American feel more connected to our country and to each other.” This is the kind of transformative vision that Clinton was often criticized for not having. It’s an idea bigger than a wall, perhaps bigger even than single-payer health care or free college. But she couldn’t make the numbers work. Every version of the plan she tried either raised taxes too high or slashed essential programs. So she scrapped it. “That was the responsible decision,” she writes. But after the 2016 election, Clinton is no longer sure that “responsible” is the right litmus test for campaign rhetoric. “I wonder now whether we should’ve thrown caution to the wind, embraced [it] as a long-term goal and figured out the details later,” she writes. What Happened has been sold as Clinton’s apologia for her 2016 campaign, and it is that. But it’s more remarkable for Clinton’s extended defense of a political style that has become unfashionable in both the Republican and Democratic parties. Clinton is not a radical or a revolutionary, a disruptor or a socialist, and she’s proud of that fact. She’s a pragmatist who believes in working within the system, in promising roughly what you believe you can deliver, in saying how you’ll pay for your plans. She is frustrated by a polity that doesn’t share her “thrill” over incremental policies that help real people or her skepticism of sweeping plans that will never come to fruition. She believes in politics the way it is actually practiced, and she holds to that belief at a moment when it’s never been less popular. This makes Clinton a more unusual figure than she gets credit for being: Not only does she refuse to paint an inspiring vision of a political process rid of corruption, partisanship, and rancor, but she’s also actively dismissive of those promises and the politicians who make them. On Tuesday morning, I sat down with Clinton for an hour on the first official day of her book tour. It is a cliché that stiff candidates become freer, easier, and more confident after they lose — see Gore, Al — but it is true for Clinton. Jon Stewart used to talk of the “buffering” you could see happening in the milliseconds between when Clinton was asked a question and when she answered; the moments when she played out the angles, envisioned the ways her words could be twisted, and came up with a response devoid of danger but suffused with caution. That buffering is gone. In our conversation, she was as quick and confident as I’ve seen her, making the case for her politics without worrying too much about the coalitional angles or the possible lines of offense. And she says plenty that can, and will, offend. In our discussion, she lit into Bernie Sanders’s single-payer plan, warned that Donald Trump is dragging us down an authoritarian path, spoke openly of the role racism and white resentment played in the campaign, and argued that the outcome of the 2016 election represented a failure of the media above all. This was Clinton unleashed, and while she talked about what happened, it was much more interesting when she talked about what she believed should have happened. - Ezra Klein Editor-in-chief, Vox This interview was recorded on September 12, 2017. Thumbnail image by Kainaz Amaria. Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com to get up to speed on everything from Kurdistan to the Kim Kardashian app. Check out our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H Or on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o

Épisode 661 - How the triplet flow took over rap

15 septembre 2017

The “Migos flow” deconstructed. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO In 2013, Migos made it to the Billboard Charts with "Versace." It was a viral hit and it put the spot light on a very unique rap flow - the triplet. The triplet, often now called the "Migos flow" happens when three syllables are rapped over one beat. It's now so popular that nearly every mainstream rap artists these days has used it, often to great effect. Kendrick rapped in triplets on one of the most dramatic moments of his latest album, Damn. and Chance the Rapper used triplets on the opening track of Coloring Book. This video is about where the triplet flow came from and how it's been a common tool for rappers since Three 6 Mafia and Bone Thugs-N-Harmony's debut albums in the '90s. Spotify Playlist here: https://open.spotify.com/user/estellecaswell/playlist/3g2vztPl93ILo0JXATi2Ou Further reading Complex: http://www.complex.com/music/2014/03/quavo-is-the-most-influential-rapper-of-2014 Genius: https://genius.com/Queenofcoplaints-is-it-the-migos-flow-tracing-the-use-of-triplet-flows-in-hip-hop-lyrics Special thanks to Justin Hunte and Martin Connor. You can find their stuff here Justin: https://www.youtube.com/thecompanyman Martin: https://www.rapanalysis.com/ Some songs don't just stick in your head, they change the music world forever. Join Estelle Caswell on a musical journey to discover the stories behind your favorite songs. Check out the entire Vox Earworm playlist here: http://bit.ly/2QCwhMH And follow Vox Earworm on Facebook for more: http://www.facebook.com/VoxEarworm Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com to get up to speed on everything from Kurdistan to the Kim Kardashian app. Check out our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H Or on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o

Épisode 666 - The rise and fall of the American fallout shelter

22 septembre 2017

Whatever happened to fallout shelters? And would they have actually worked? Watch Duck and Cover with us: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uUcQ7hESI-M Phil Edwards on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/philedwardsinc1/ In this episode of Vox Almanac, Vox's Phil Edwards looks at the history behind one of the Cold War's more unusual legacies — the fallout shelter. Of course, any history of the fallout shelter has to include nuclear proliferation, civil defense, Presidential politics, and a turtle named Bert. The video above serves as a condensed history of the Cold War’s fallout shelter fad, from the kookily cheerful propaganda videos to the hobbled Federal agencies that tried to administer Civil Defense. Yes, it includes the classic Cold War film Duck and Cover, in which a bomb-fearing turtle named Bert teaches kids that hiding under their desks could be sufficient protection from nuclear annihilation. Any history of fallout shelter culture (and Cold War propaganda) becomes an indirect history of Cold War nuclear escalation, from Hiroshima-sized bombs to hydrogen behemoths. As the nuclear threat increased in magnitude, the absurdity of civil defense amped up simultaneously. This video (and a day spend trawling the Internet Archive for darkly humorous videos) provides a more intimate portrait of Cold War paranoia as it was lived. Paired with Kenneth Rose’s comprehensive book about fallout shelter culture, it’s a look at daily life with the bomb — even when that daily life included the occasional jaunt to a thick-walled concrete bunker a few feet underground. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com to get up to speed on everything from Kurdistan to the Kim Kardashian app. Check out our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H Or on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o

Épisode 668 - Why 23 million Americans don't have fast internet

26 septembre 2017

Buffering... Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO /// Sources: FCC 2015 Notice of Inquiry: https://apps.fcc.gov/edocs_public/attachmatch/FCC-15-10A1.pdf FCC 2016 Broadband Progress Report: https://www.fcc.gov/reports-research/reports/broadband-progress-reports/2016-broadband-progress-report FCC Broadband Deployment Map: https://www.fcc.gov/reports-research/maps/bpr-2016-fixed-25mbps-3mbps-deployment/ FCC 4G Data: https://www.fcc.gov/reports-research/maps/nationwide-lte-coverage-ye-2015/ Community and Regional Development Research Study on Economic Health in non-metro counties: https://cardi.cals.cornell.edu/sites/cardi.cals.cornell.edu/files/shared/documents/ResearchPolicyBriefs/Policy-Brief-Feb15-draft03.pdf Akamai State of the Internet Report, 2017: https://www.akamai.com/us/en/about/our-thinking/state-of-the-internet-report/ FCC 2017 Notice of Inquiry: http://transition.fcc.gov/Daily_Releases/Daily_Business/2017/db0808/FCC-17-109A1.pdf /// High-speed internet service is lacking in much of rural America. The causes are complicated, but non-competitive cable markets, misguided government funding, and infrastructural obstacles have limited expansion up until now. Despite the troubles, some rural Americans are receiving internet via both wireless and wireline systems, but the internet service many receive falls short of the 25mbps up/3mbps down set by the Federal Communications Commission in 2015 during the Obama Administration. Receiving that level of service typically requires a wireline connection provided by fiber optic cable, which many rural residents don't have because the remote territories that would be served are hard to reach and require massive investments that private cable companies like Verizon, AT&T, and Comcast aren't willing to make. If service is available, it is often much more expensive than similar service in urban markets. An idea for solving the problem might be to adopt the funding model similar to the one that helped expand rural electrification during the presidency of Franklin Delano Roosevelt. At that time, the government paid local electric cooperatives willing to do the work to provide electricity in their communities. Unlike electrification, there are many models for broadband deployment, including cooperatives, but also municipal broadband, private companies and other public-private partnerships. If Trump's government plans to spend more money on rural broadband, then following the model of electrification might help correct some of the funding troubles that have plagued broadband expansion up to this point. /// Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com to get up to speed on everything from Kurdistan to the Kim Kardashian app. Check out our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H Or on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o

Épisode 692 - The opioid crisis is making grandparents become parents again

27 octobre 2017

Grandparents are struggling to raise grandchildren on their own. /// Sources: http://datacenter.kidscount.org/ https://aspe.hhs.gov/report/children-temporary-assistance-needy-families-tanf-child-only-cases-relative-caregivers http://grandfamilies.org/Portals/0/16-Children-Thrive-in-Grandfamilies.pdf http://www.gu.org/OURWORK/Grandfamilies/TheStateofGrandfamiliesinAmerica/TheStateofGrandfamiliesinAmerica2016.aspx http://rocklandgov.com/departments/social-services/ /// The opioid crisis is driving up the population of "kinship caregivers" in record numbers. As overdose totals rise, grandparents and other relative caregivers are stepping in to raise the children of addicted parents. Unlike foster care, "kinship care" has unique requirements that are often not recognized in a child welfare system that was designed to support non-relative foster parents. As grandparents struggle to raise children on their own, they often don't realize that there are support options available until they are told by a kinship navigator or other social service coordinator. Kinship navigators fill the void created by the lack of a dedicated social services organization for kinship families. As navigators, they help inform and connect kinship caregivers to the patchwork of various programs, grants, and other services (legal, financial, health) that they are eligible to receive. Often, however, grandparents are unaware of their existence and seek other ways to support themselves -- sometimes by attending therapy groups with other relative caregivers that are raising children of the opioid epidemic. In New York State, a Relative As Parents Program support group gathers once a month to swap stories and share advice. /// Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com to get up to speed on everything from Kurdistan to the Kim Kardashian app. Check out our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H Or on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o

Épisode 693 - Why this awful sounding album is a masterpiece

28 octobre 2017

Brace yourselves, this video is about Trout Mask Replica by Captain Beefheart and his Magic Band. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Trout Mask Replica, by Captain Beefheart and his Magic Band was inducted into the Library of Congress' national recording registry in 2010 - nearly 40 years after it's release. The album has been widely cited by artists of all kinds as a shining point of creativity and original thought - it also is very very hard to listen to. It's the musical equivalent of a Jackson Pollock painting. Its discordant rhythms and motifs sound made up on the spot by a child, but every sound and riff you hear on the album was arduously rehearsed over the course of a year by a group of young musicians who were remarkable in their own right. Samuel Andreyev and Susan Rogers join me on Episode #6 of Vox Pop's Earworm to breakdown why this album is such a masterpiece. Samuel Andreyev's Frownland analysis: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-FhhB9teHqU Interviews with John French and Bill Harkleroad: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VWgfVVbK4bA&t=1955s https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Od0_LRNlE5A Articles and Sources: http://www.beefheart.com/ The Artist Formerly Known as Captain Beefheart: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ObNDoR36v0E Guardian: https://www.theguardian.com/music/2006/aug/04/popandrock.shopping1 Rolling Stone: http://www.rollingstone.com/music/albumreviews/trout-mask-replica-19690726 Some songs don't just stick in your head, they change the music world forever. Join Estelle Caswell on a musical journey to discover the stories behind your favorite songs. Check out the entire Vox Earworm playlist here: http://bit.ly/2QCwhMH And follow Vox Earworm on Facebook for more: http://www.facebook.com/VoxEarworm Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Check out our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H Or on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o

Épisode 701 - The big debate about the future of work, explained

13 novembre 2017

Why economists and futurists disagree about the future of the labor market. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Sources: https://economics.mit.edu/files/11563 https://www.aeaweb.org/full_issue.php?doi=10.1257/jep.29.3#page=33 http://voxeu.org/article/how-computer-automation-affects-occupations https://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/sites/default/files/future-work-lit-review-20150428.pdf https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/whitehouse.gov/files/documents/Artificial-Intelligence-Automation-Economy.PDF https://www.vox.com/2015/7/27/9038829/automation-myth https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00PWX7RPG/ref=dp-kindle-redirect https://www.amazon.com/Second-Machine-Age-Prosperity-Technologies-ebook/dp/B00D97HPQI/ref=sr_1_1 https://www.amazon.com/New-Division-Labor-Computers-Creating/dp/0691124027/ref=sr_1_1? https://www.oxfordmartin.ox.ac.uk/downloads/academic/The_Future_of_Employment.pdf Clips: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VTlV0Y5yAww https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_luhn7TLfWU https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rVlhMGQgDkY https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rCoFKUJ_8Yo https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yeyn9zzrC84 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Pq-S557XQU https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WSKi8HfcxEk /// Recent advancements in artificial intelligence and robotics have commentators worrying about the coming obsolescence of the human worker. Some in Silicon Valley are even calling for a basic minimum income provided by the government for everyone, under the assumption that work will become scarce. But many economists are skeptical of these claims, because the notion that the the economy offers a fixed amount of work has been debunked time and time again over the centuries and current economic data show no signs of a productivity boom. Fortunately, we don't need to divine the future of the labor market in order to prepare for it. /// Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com to get up to speed on everything from Kurdistan to the Kim Kardashian app. Check out our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H Or on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o

Épisode 712 - The robot-proof job men aren't taking

27 novembre 2017

Nursing is the job of the future. So why have men stayed away? Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO It’s easy to imagine that the jobs of the future, if they even exist, will all revolve around technology. But it turns out, the jobs that are least likely to succumb to automation are those that involve building human relationships. The healthcare field is a prime example— nurses, physician assistants, and physical therapists have higher-than-average salaries and major expected job growth. These fields share something else in common— they’re dominated by women. Despite the erosion of traditionally “masculine” fields like manufacturing, men just aren’t taking these high-paying, in-demand healthcare jobs in the numbers you’d expect. For decades, nursing in particular has been considered “women’s work,” in part because it’s assumed that women, more so than men, have a kind of innate capacity for caring and empathy. But men in nursing say this mindset is holding us back. For them, caring and empathy are stills that can be developed, not traits someone is worth with or without based on their gender. Oxford University study on which jobs are most vulnerable to automation: https://www.oxfordmartin.ox.ac.uk/downloads/academic/The_Future_of_Employment.pdf Men in Nursing, History, Challenges, and Opportunities (book by Chad O'Lynn): http://www.springerpub.com/men-in-nursing.html Florence Nightingale and the Nursing Legacy (book by Monica Baly): https://books.google.com/books/about/Florence_Nightingale_and_the_Nursing_Leg.html?id=9SdtAAAAMAAJ Marci Cottingham's studies on gender and healthcare work: RECRUITING MEN, CONSTRUCTING MANHOOD: How Health Care Organizations Mobilize Masculinities as Nursing Recruitment Strategy: https://www.dropbox.com/s/km22il7hm9tbbpc/cottingham2013.pdf?dl=0 Caring Moments and Their Men: Masculine Emotion Practice in Nursing: https://www.dropbox.com/s/hxqgm9u0a6i1bic/Cottingham2017.pdf?dl=0 Gender and emotion : social psychological perspectives / edited by Agneta H. Fischer: https://books.google.com/books/about/Gender_and_Emotion.html?id=tS1C8Sl5ysEC Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com to get up to speed on everything from Kurdistan to the Kim Kardashian app. Check out our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H Or on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o

Épisode 714 - Why cities are full of uncomfortable benches

29 novembre 2017

That bench won't be yours forever. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO When designing urban spaces, city planners have many competing interests to balance. After all, cities are some of the most diverse places on the planet. They need to be built for a variety of needs. In recent years, these competing interests have surfaced conflict over an unlikely interest: purposefully uncomfortable benches. Enter the New York City MTA. They’ve installed 'leaning bars’ to supplement traditional benches & save platform space. But designs like this carry an often invisible cost: they rob citizens of hospitable public space. And the people who experience this cost most directly are those experiencing homelessness. A few notes of thanks: First to Historian A. Roger Ekirch who kindly got me up to speed on the expansion of streetlights in historic western city districts. Another thanks goes to author Veronica Harnish, who outlined some of the pitfalls that people experiencing homelessness face when choosing between sleeping rough or utilizing emergency shelters. You can read her blog here: http://car-living.blogspot.com/ A third thank you goes to the staff at the Unites States Interagency Council on Homelessness — they supplied the map in this video, as well as some aggregate statistics of the United States homeless population. Those numbers come from a variety of annual ‘Point-In-Time’ counts. The 2018 event will take place in late January, and the process depends on volunteers — so if you'd like to participate, you can find your local organizer here: https://www.hudexchange.info/grantees/find-a-grantee/?state=&program=on&coc=on¶ms=%7B%22limit%22%3A20%2C%22sort%22%3A%22%22%2C%22years%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22searchTerm%22%3A%22%22%2C%22dir%22%3A%22%22%2C%22grantees%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22state%22%3A%22%22%2C%22programs%22%3A%5B3%5D%2C%22coc%22%3Atrue%7D##granteeSearch Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com to get up to speed on everything from Kurdistan to the Kim Kardashian app. Check out our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H Or on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o

Épisode 715 - The real reason American health care is so expensive

30 novembre 2017

Hint: single-payer won’t fix America’s health care spending. Help us make more ambitious videos by joining the Vox Video Lab. It gets you exclusive perks, like livestream Q&As with all the Vox creators, a badge that levels up over time, and video extras bringing you closer to our work! Learn more at http://bit.ly/video-lab Americans don't drive up the price by consuming more health care. They don't visit the doctor more than other developed countries: http://international.commonwealthfund.org/stats/annual_physician_visits/ But the price we pay for that visit - for a procedure - it costs way more: http://static1.squarespace.com/static/518a3cfee4b0a77d03a62c98/t/57d3ca9529687f1a257e9e26/1473497751062/2015+Comparative+Price+Report+09.09.16.pdf The price you pay for the same procedure, at the same hospital, may vary enormously depending on what kind of health insurance you have in the US. That's because of bargaining power. Government programs, like Medicare and Medicaid, can ask for a lower price from health service providers because they have the numbers: the hospital has to comply or else risk losing the business of millions of Americans. There are dozens of private health insurance providers in the United States and they each need to bargain for prices with hospitals and doctors. The numbers of people private insurances represent are much less than the government programs. That means a higher price when you go to the doctor or fill a prescription. Uninsured individuals have the least bargaining power. Without any insurance, you will pay the highest price. For more health care policy content, check out The Impact, a podcast about the human consequences of policy-making. https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-impact/id1294325824?mt=2 Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com to get up to speed on everything from Kurdistan to the Kim Kardashian app. Check out our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H Or on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o

Épisode 717 - The fight to make bad jobs better

4 décembre 2017

It's easy to find a job, just not a good one. Sources: https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/04_jobs_autor.pdf https://cew-7632.kxcdn.com/wp-content/uploads/Americas-Divided-Recovery-web.pdf http://www.epi.org/publication/still-falling-short-on-hours-and-pay-part-time-work-becoming-new-normal/ https://krueger.princeton.edu/sites/default/files/akrueger/files/katz_krueger_cws_-_march_29_20165.pdf https://cornerstonecapinc.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Retail-Automation_Stranded-Workers-Final-May-2017_corrected.pdf https://newrepublic.com/political-ad-database https://www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2013/04/art2full.pdf http://www.unionstats.com/ https://www.bls.gov/iag/tgs/iag44-45.htm https://www.bls.gov/iag/tgs/iag722.htm https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/house-bill/2942/text http://sfgov.org/olse/formula-retail-employee-rights-ordinances https://www.seattle.gov/laborstandards/ordinances/secure-scheduling https://www.ci.emeryville.ca.us/1136/Fair-Workweek-Ordinance http://www1.nyc.gov/office-of-the-mayor/news/372-17/mayor-de-blasio-speaker-mark-viverito-that-new-york-city-the-largest-city-end#/0 https://olis.leg.state.or.us/liz/2017R1/Downloads/MeasureDocument/SB828/Enrolled http://news.gallup.com/poll/218432/work-varying-hours-schedules.aspx https://ssascholars.uchicago.edu/sites/default/files/work-scheduling-study/files/lambert.fugiel.henly_.precarious_work_schedules.august2014_0.pdf https://www.aspeninstitute.org/publications/income-volatility-service-sector-contours-causes-consequences/ https://www.amazon.com/Good-Jobs-Strategy-Companies-Employees-ebook/dp/B00DZQE31I/ref=sr_1_1 /// Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com to get up to speed on everything from Kurdistan to the Kim Kardashian app. Check out our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H Or on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o

Épisode 719 - How J Dilla humanized his MPC3000

6 décembre 2017

J Dilla made his MPC3000 musical. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO There's a halo of reverence around J Dilla, a producer and beatmaker from Detroit who made some of the most fascinating and influential beats in hip hop history. Before his early death in 2006, J Dilla worked with countless artists and producers - from Erykah Badu and Janet Jackson to Busta Rhymes and Madlib - and developed an off-kilter style of rhythm and sampling that transcended the machine he used to create music, the Akai Midi Production Center, otherwise known as the MPC. Spotify Playlist created by Okayplayer: https://open.spotify.com/user/okayplayer87/playlist/0Xd9a6zJMMYLURcINKVkQd Brian "Raydar" Ellis' music: https://soundcloud.com/raydarellis To learn more about J Dilla, check our following sources: Compiled list of Dilla samples: https://dilladata.wordpress.com/ Redbull Music Academy: http://www.redbullmusicacademy.com/lectures/questlove-new-york-2013 Don't Cry breakdown: https://tinysubversions.com/essays/dontcry/ Why J Dilla May Be Jazz's Latest Great Innovator via NPR: https://www.npr.org/sections/ablogsupreme/2013/02/07/171349007/why-j-dilla-may-be-jazzs-latest-great-innovator Waajeed breaks down Dilla samples: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCpigwriKVfrYf-_90KMHFIA History of the MPC: https://reverb.com/news/a-brief-history-of-the-akai-mpc Some songs don't just stick in your head, they change the music world forever. Join Estelle Caswell on a musical journey to discover the stories behind your favorite songs. Check out the entire Vox Earworm playlist here: http://bit.ly/2QCwhMH And follow Vox Earworm on Facebook for more: http://www.facebook.com/VoxEarworm Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Check out our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H Or on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o

Épisode 721 - NASA's plan to save Earth from a giant asteroid

8 décembre 2017

Don’t panic. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO 65 million years ago, a large asteroid collided with Earth near present-day Chicxulub, Mexico. The impact was a climactic event that likely contributed to dinosaur extinction. Today, Earth remains vulnerable to asteroid collisions. In recent history, space rocks have landed in The United States, Russia, and elsewhere. In the event of a potential asteroid collision, NASA has developed several options for dealing with the threat. Researchers at NASA’s Center for Near Earth Object Studies and Jet Propulsion Laboratory have proposed using blunt force, weaponized deflection or a theoretical tool called a gravity tractor to deflect impact. In addition to developing contingency plans, NASA scientists are also searching the sky for future asteroid threats. Sources: Source article: https://www.vox.com/a/asteroid-day Chicxulub impact information: https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=8 NASA JPL: https://www.nasa.gov/asteroid-and-comet-watch NASA asteroid tracking: https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/edu/news/2017/4/18/how-nasa-studies-and-tracks-asteroids-near-and-far/ NASA Center for Near Earth Object Studies: https://cneos.jpl.nasa.gov/ Congressional hearing on asteroids: https://www.c-span.org/video/?311602-1/threats-asteroids-meteors Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Make sure you never miss behind-the-scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter. Sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 724 - Why this elbow is a TIME person of the year

13 décembre 2017

The “Silence Breakers” are outliers. Most assault goes unreported. Sources: TIME’s reporting: http://time.com/time-person-of-the-year-2017-silence-breakers and http://time.com/5052362/time-person-of-the-year-2017-arm-cover RAINN statistics: https://www.rainn.org/statistics/criminal-justice-system EEOC report (PDF): https://www.eeoc.gov/eeoc/task_force/harassment/upload/report.pdf Time magazine named "the Silence Breakers" its Person of the Year for 2017. These are the women and men who shared their stories of assault, harassment, and hostility and publicly named their alleged abusers. But the story goes beyond the magazine’s cover. That elbow in the lower right-hand corner is attached to a young hospital worker from Texas, who anonymously reported her harassment for fear of the negative impact it could have on her and her family. It represents a much larger contingent than the women on the cover: the silence keepers. Sexual harassment and sexual assault are both underreported. A government study by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission found that about 70 percent of harassment is never reported. The same report aggregated a study that found when people did report harassment, about 75 percent of faced some sort of retaliation for doing so. The Rape, Abuse & Incest National Network (RAINN) studied the underlying reasons people don’t report, and, unsurprisingly, the above statistics are connected. According to RAINN, the No. 1 reason people don’t report their abuse and harassment is because they’re afraid of the repercussions. Time has made it a point to recognize the courage of the “Silence Breakers,” but it’s important to remember why their actions were brave: because there are far more people remaining silent, who feel that they don’t have the option of speaking up. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com to get up to speed on everything from Kurdistan to the Kim Kardashian app. Check out our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H Or on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o

Épisode 728 - How smart is today's artificial intelligence?

19 décembre 2017

Current AI is impressive, but it's not intelligent. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Sources: https://hbr.org/2016/11/what-artificial-intelligence-can-and-cant-do-right-now https://www.mckinsey.com/global-themes/digital-disruption/harnessing-automation-for-a-future-that-works https://www.amazon.com/Master-Algorithm-Ultimate-Learning-Machine/dp/0465065708 https://ai100.stanford.edu/sites/default/files/ai_100_report_0831fnl.pdf https://www.bloomberg.com/professional/blog/business-focus-artificial-intelligence-rising-2/ http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.368.2254&rep=rep1&type=pdf http://yann.lecun.com/exdb/publis/pdf/jackel-95.pdf https://www.recode.net/2016/5/4/11634228/learning-about-deep-learning https://www.theverge.com/2016/7/12/12158238/first-click-deep-learning-algorithmic-black-boxes https://www.theverge.com/2017/3/30/15124466/ai-photo-style-transfer-deep-neural-nets-adobe https://www.techspot.com/news/71935-convolutional-neural-networks-used-fight-lung-cancer.html https://openreview.net/pdf?id=BkjLkSqxg https://med.stanford.edu/news/all-news/2016/08/computers-trounce-pathologists-in-predicting-lung-cancer-severity.html https://arxiv.org/pdf/1609.06647.pdf https://www.theverge.com/2017/4/12/15271874/ai-adversarial-images-fooling-attacks-artificial-intelligence https://arstechnica.com/gaming/2016/06/an-ai-wrote-this-movie-and-its-strangely-moving/ https://www.ibm.com/blogs/research/2017/12/ai-video-understanding/ https://hbr.org/cover-story/2017/07/the-business-of-artificial-intelligence https://rodneybrooks.com/the-seven-deadly-sins-of-predicting-the-future-of-ai/ Something incredible has taken place in the past 5 years: a revolution in artificial intelligence. After decades of little progress, the combination of big data and advances in computer hardware have brought AI applications to life: from self-driving cars to home assistants to augmented reality and instant language translation. If some of these applications feel like science fiction it's because deep learning algorithms are powering a true breakthrough in machine intelligence. But with these truly impressive advances comes a great deal of hype: fears of terminator-type bots turning on humans and stealing all our jobs. In this video we sort out the fact from fiction in this very exciting field. /// Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com to get up to speed on everything from Kurdistan to the Kim Kardashian app. Check out our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H Or on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o

Épisode 752 - The problem with online charter schools

29 janvier 2018

States are taking a multi-million dollar gamble on a technology that doesn’t seem to work. Watch: http://bit.ly/2EiUnqy - The colleges where the American dream is still alive. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO In 32 states plus DC, students of all ages can bypass brick-and-mortar schools for online charters. Most of these schools are run by publicly-traded companies, which means the profits they earn after running schools with taxpayer funds go toward paying their shareholders. These schools enroll less than 1% of American public school students right now, but the share is growing. In their ads, these schools promise autonomy and flexibility. They appeal to students eager to escape bullies or classrooms where they feel unsuccessful. But the data show that attending these schools sets kids back academically— by a lot. And despite their poor performance, states have been slow to close these schools down. Reading list: Arianna Prothero and Maya Riser-Kositsky calculated the lobbying and campaign spending totals for K12 and Connections Academy for Education Week/edweek.org: https://www.edweek.org/ew/articles/2016/11/03/outsized-influence-online-charters-bring-lobbying-a.html This 2015 study from the Center for Research on Education Outcomes at Stanford University is the most comprehensive nationwide look at online charters to date. Researchers there found that attending an online charter school for a year is equivalent to missing 180 days of instruction in math, and 72 days of instruction in reading: https://credo.stanford.edu/pdfs/OnlineCharterStudyFinal2015.pdf June Ahn (NYU) and Andrew McEachin (RAND) did a similar study of Ohio’s online charter schools and got similar results. They found that even high-achieving students who attending online charters in that state ended the year significantly behind their peers in brick-and-mortar schools: http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.3102/0013189X17692999 Thanks to folks at the National Education Policy Center for sharing their data on online charter enrollment from 2011 through 2016. Check out their 2017 report on the state of virtual schools to learn more: http://nepc.colorado.edu/publication/virtual-schools-annual-2017 Here are more detailed responses regarding the results of the 2015 Stanford University from K12: http://www.k12.com/response-to-nepc.html and Connections Academy: https://www.connectionsacademy.com/news/ce-statement-virtual-charter-school-study Here's the analysis from Gary Miron and his NEPC colleague Bruce Baker of profit margins for for-profit charter operators: http://nepc.colorado.edu/files/rb_baker-miron_charter_revenue_0.pdf Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 761 - Why the triple axel is such a big deal

12 février 2018

Triple axels can turn skaters into legends. This is why. Watch the rest of Skate Week, and our other sports explainers, here: http://bit.ly/2FfxM17 Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Note: The video states Mirai Nagasu was the second American to land a triple axel in competition (this was recorded before her Olympic success). In 2005, American Kimmy Miessner completed a triple axel in national competition, though not world competition. You can read about it here: http://www.espn.com/olympics/news/story?id=1967992 Want to see Tonya' Harding's routine? You can find one version here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MdC5G7CDvbI In this episode of Vox Almanac, Phil Edwards explores the triple axel and why it's such a big deal. The figure skating jump is legendary among ice skaters, from Tonya Harding's 1991 triple axel to modern icon Mirai Nagasu's attempts in competition. It turns out that the physics of the triple axel makes it a uniquely difficult jump — and one worth learning about. As a forward-edge jump, the mechanics of a triple axel requires technical acumen from skaters while they still try to maintain an artistically interesting performance. Pioneers like Midori Ito and Tonya Harding had to jump, ramp up rotation speed, and then land all while trying to look good. This effort set them apart from competitors like Nancy Kerrigan, but it wasn't easy to land a triple axel in competition. And that difficulty might be why the triple axel endures as the pinnacle of figure skating performance — and why it's sure to light up the 2018 Winter Olympics as well. Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 763 - Why women’s ice hockey has a higher concussion rate than football

14 février 2018

When college athletes play the same sport, women report concussions more often than men. Watch our other skating videos, featuring Mirai Nagasu and Adam Rippon: http://bit.ly/2oGrA7N Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO In college, women’s hockey players are reporting concussions at a higher rate than male hockey players. In fact, female hockey players are reporting a higher concussion rate than nearly all sports sanctioned by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). In several studies, female hockey players have reported concussions more often than men’s college football, and at a rate that is comparable to men’s college wrestling and men’s college ice hockey. Compared to sports like women’s tennis or women’s basketball, hockey is faster, played on harder surfaces, and involves more collisions, which partly explains the high rate of concussions but doesn’t account for the fact that female athletes are reporting more concussions than male athletes who also play hockey. In fact, several surveys have demonstrated that, besides hockey, female athletes consistently report a higher concussion rate than male athletes playing the same gender comparable sport (e.g basketball, soccer, softball/baseball). The reasons why are unclear, but this video highlights some of the plausible factors, including: gender bias, reporting bias, differences in style of play (for example, body checking is allowed in men’s hockey and is illegal in women’s hockey), hormonal differences (progesterone is of particular interest to researchers), neck strength, and differences in the structure of nerve fibers called axons. To help understand how these factors might influence the concussion rates, this video features interviews with University of North Carolina researcher Zachary Kerr and retired US Women’s Hockey player Josephine Pucci, who ended her career following several concussions. To hear her story of how she came back to win a 2014 Olympic Silver Medal while playing on the Harvard Women’s team, make sure to watch the video above. Resources: Headway Foundation: http://headwayfoundation.com/ PINK Concussions: http://www.pinkconcussions.com/ CDC Heads Up Initiative: https://www.cdc.gov/headsup/basics/concussion_prevention.html Sources: Concussion Surveys: 2007 epidemiology (Journal of Athletic Training): https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1941297/ 2010 7-year review of women's ice hockey injuries (Canadian Journal of Surgery) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20858376 2012 study (Journal of Neurosurgery): https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23199425 2014 survey (NCAA): https://www.ncaa.org/sites/default/files/Concussion%20%20GOALS%20Exec%20Summary_Feb_12_2014_FINALpost_0.pdf 2014 research paper on injuries in women's ice hockey (Current Sports Medicine Reports): http://bit.ly/2EHXLOk 2015 epidemiology (The American Journal of Sports Medicine): http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0363546515599634?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%3dpubmed Further Research: 2014 research on neck strength (The Journal of Primary Prevention): https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24930131 2014 research on hormonal influence (Journal of Head Trauma): https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24220566 2017 research on nerve fiber structure (University of Pennsylvania/Experimental Neurology): https://www.pennmedicine.org/news/news-releases/2017/november/women-may-be-more-vulnerable-to-concussions-because-of-leaner-nerve-fibers-penn-study-suggests https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29104114 Hockey Manuals: USA Hockey Checking Manual: http://assets.ngin.com/attachments/document/0042/6379/Checking_Manual_FINAL.pdf USA Hockey Introduction to Body Contact: http://assets.ngin.com/attachments/document/0020/3311/IntroductiontoBodyContact.pdf Additional Sources: 2007 women’s Hockey epidemiology (Journal of Athletic Training): https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1941287/ “Concussion” Chapter 15, “Sex Differences in Sports Medicine” by Dunbar and Putukian, 2016. Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 772 - How ski warfare created biathlon

1 mars 2018

It all started as a military exercise in Norway. We interviewed a sports expert about the truth behind "mind over matter": http://bit.ly/2t8PzCc Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Biathlon combines competitive Nordic skiing with rifle shooting. Although biathlon is extremely popular in Europe, most Americans are unfamiliar with the sport. For many of them, the sport seems like an odd combination of physical effort and mental skill, but there’s a fascinating explanation for how biathlon came to be. The sport of biathlon evolved over a long period of time and for much of that history it was primarily a military exercise to train soldiers for winter warfare. It all started in Norway, where a military officer decided to combine his love of skiing with his expertise in training tactics. Soon, the combination spread across Europe and national militaries started applying and developing his techniques to train their own winter warfare battalions. In both World Wars, ski warfare played a key role in several battles—most notably during the “Winter War” between Finland and Russia in 1940. During that skirmish, Finnish troops used their ski prowess to elude and attack the Russian enemy. Although the Finns lost the battle, they were able to inflict major losses against the much larger foreign army. Once WWII ended, soldiers returned home and began popularizing the sport of skiing around the world. Instead of using their ski skills for warfare, they turned to recreational endeavors like ski racing, skill competitions, and biathlon. During the next decade, the ski industry boomed. In 1960, biathlon was introduced as an official Olympic sport and it has continued to grow in popularity ever since. Although much has changed about the sport, modern biathlon still retains the unmistakable traces of its military origins. To learn what those are, make sure to watch the video above. Resources: 2013 story on European biathlon popularity: https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Olympics/2010/0213/Winter-Olympics-Why-biathlon-is-the-most-popular-sport-in-Europe Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 788 - US voting machines are failing. Here’s why.

29 mars 2018

The greatest threat to American voting machines might not be hacking, but old age. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO In our latest collaboration with ProPublica, we take a look at US election security and the status of American voting machines. Check out the full ProPublica report at: https://bit.ly/2Hw3Dcb. Stay tuned for more stories in this collaboration! If you’d like to sign up to receive more ProPublica journalism, go here: https://bit.ly/2IYkXqO In 2017, hackers Rick Rolled a voting machine in Las Vegas. Even though the machine was out-of-date and the demonstration didn’t replicate real-life conditions, the stunt brought national attention to an election crisis that has been building ever since the “hanging chad” fiasco that occurred during the 2000 Presidential election recount. In her story on American election security, ProPublica’s Kate Rabinowitz revealed that many state and local election officials are suffering a funding crisis. Without the money needed to maintain and update electronic voting machines, officials are having to make do with equipment that was manufactured in 2008 or even earlier. At that time, most machines had recently been replaced thanks to the 2002 Help America Vote Act, but few have been updated since. By isolating machines from the internet and keeping them in secure locations, officials are able to reduce the threat of widespread hacking, but the machines are plagued with more mundane technical problems that states have been slow to address and could have major consequences for future elections. On the bright side, the omnibus spending bill that was passed in March 2018 allocated $380 million dollars for state election officials to update their voting infrastructure. Whether that money is actually provided and how it will be spent, however, remains to be seen. Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 791 - What America's shopping mall decline means for social space

6 avril 2018

The mall was America’s third place — for better or for worse. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Our lives are lived in 1 of 3 places, the home, the workplace and the “third place,” which is anywhere outside of those two. Toward the end of the 20th century, the regional shopping mall had become that third place, the hang-out spot in suburban America. This was largely by design — an immigrant architect created the first mall in the vision that it would be a community gathering place. The plan didn’t work out as he intended. While malls did take off, they more often than not couldn’t quite catch on as ideal “third places.” But with an estimated 25% of shopping malls expected to close in the next five years, there’s an opportunity to re-examine where Americans spend their time and what could be the next iteration of the third place. Further reading for those interested in this subject, I recommend the following books and articles: Ray Oldenburg's The Great Good Place — he coined the term 'third place' and set the theory for the 8 qualities mentioned in this video: https://www.amazon.com/Great-Good-Place-Bookstores-Community/dp/1569246815 New Yorker's 2006 profile of the creator of regional shopping malls: https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2004/03/15/the-terrazzo-jungle On the role US tax policy played in the shopping-center boom of the 1950s and 1960s: https://www.jstor.org/stable/2169635?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents & Vox's Matt Ylgesias on the coming ‘retail apocalypse’ in the states: https://www.vox.com/new-money/2017/5/4/15124038/regional-mall-apocalypse p.s. here is Toto's Africa (playing in an abandoned shopping centre) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D__6hwqjZAs Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 814 - The sound that connects Stravinsky to Bruno Mars

15 mai 2018

It’s an 1980s pop music cliche that dates back to 1910. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO If you listen to the first few seconds of Bruno Mars’ “Finesse” (hint: listen to the Cardi B remix) you’ll hear a sound that immediately creates a sense of 80s hip-hop nostalgia. Yes, Cardi B’s flow is very Roxanne Shante, but the sound that drives that nostalgia home isn’t actually from the 1980s. Robert Fink and the inventor of the Fairlight CMI, Peter Vogel, help me tell the story of the orchestra hit - a sound that was first heard in 1910 at the Paris Opera where the famed 20th century Russian composer Stravinsky debuted his first hit, The Firebird. The video above is, in short, a history of the original orchestra hit sample from The Firebird Suite to the 1982 hit “Planet Rock” to “Finesse.” And as a treat, here’s a playlist of way more songs with orchestra hits than you probably wanted. Playlist: https://open.spotify.com/user/estellecaswell/playlist/53plZYDXbG2GooieYDV7fs?si=PnXiBWLjRnWLTO46hY-F_A Fairlight CMI app: Peter Vogel CMI by Peter Vogel Instruments Pty Ltdhttps://itunes.apple.com/us/app/peter-vogel-cmi/id420212505?mt=8 Robert Fink's paper: https://www.jstor.org/stable/3877522?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents Some songs don't just stick in your head, they change the music world forever. Join Estelle Caswell on a musical journey to discover the stories behind your favorite songs. Check out the entire Vox Earworm playlist here: http://bit.ly/2QCwhMH And follow Vox Earworm on Facebook for more: http://www.facebook.com/VoxEarworm Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 817 - The royal weddings that shaped European history

17 mai 2018

To Queen Victoria, marriages were about strategic alliances. Correction: At 5:38, the map of post-war Germany is missing eastern Prussia. The borders of Austria-Hungary should also include portions of northern Serbia and southern Poland. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO This video was produced in collaboration between Vox and BBCThree. Over the course of her 63-year reign, Queen Victoria strategically planned marriages to place her descendants in royal families all over Europe. In doing so, she created one of the most remarkable royal families in history. By the early 19th century, Europe had been at war for decades. After the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic wars killed millions, European leaders came together to restore peace by reshaping major states for a new balance of power. Great Britain went on to become one of the strongest states. And years later, Queen Victoria and her husband Albert came up with a plan to maintain that political power — they married their children to monarchs across Europe. By the 1880s Queen Victoria’s children were in several important branches of Europe’s monarchies. The royal unions didn't play out as Queen Victoria planned, but she continued to make more matches anyway. She had 42 grandchildren, and these 7 ended up on royal thrones. Her grandchildren would end up on the thrones of Britain, Russia, Germany, Romania, Norway, and Spain leading up to the most destructive war Europe had ever seen. To truly understand the international conflicts and trends shaping our world you need a big-picture view. Video journalist Sam Ellis uses maps to tell these stories and chart their effects on foreign policy. Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 834 - The voices of children separated at the border

19 juin 2018

Over 2,300 children have been separated from their families. Read ProPublica reporter Ginger Thompson’s article here: https://www.propublica.org/article/children-separated-from-parents-border-patrol-cbp-trump-immigration-policy And listen to the full audio clip at ProPublica’s YouTube channel here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PoncXfYBAVI&t=70s In April 2018, the Trump administration and Attorney General Jeff Sessions instituted a “zero tolerance” policy on undocumented immigration. Undocumented migrants and asylum seekers detained at the border now face immediate criminal prosecution, often before their asylum claims can even be processed. Thousands of children and other migrants are now being held in detention centers operated by US Customs and Border Protection, where they await trial. A backlash against this policy is growing, with conservatives and liberals alike decrying it as cruel and inhumane. Both the White House Chief of Staff John Kelly and Sessions have explicitly cited the policy as a preemptive deterrent to undocumented migration, though the administration has since backtracked on that message. We want to help shed light on this. Has your family been separated at the US–Mexico border? Are you a worker at a detention center, or do you aid families who have been affected? Tell us more at border@propublica.org or 347-244-2134. In our Vox+ProPublica collaboration, we create deep-dive, investigative video storytelling fueled by ProPublica's reporting. You can read the reporting at https://www.propublica.org, and watch the rest of the series on YouTube at http://bit.ly/2wfVG5Z. Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H Subscribe to the ProPublica newsletter: http://go.propublica.org/weekly

Épisode 836 - Why Americans suck at soccer (well, the men)

21 juin 2018

We’ve got a theory, and it involves the soccer wars. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Watch the SB Nation video about the 1999 US Women's World Cup team here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nbt6Hb-2X8k And subscribe to SB Nation on YouTube! https://goo.gl/Nbabae In this episode of Vox Almanac, Vox’s Phil Edwards puts forth a theory about terrible American men’s soccer. There are a lot of reasons Americans suck at soccer - but if you look at the history, you’ll find a surprisingly compelling explanation for why American soccer never took off. In the 1920s, soccer was a surprisingly successful sport in the US, with massive matches and a robust league. What went wrong? American soccer and English football first diverged in the 1800s, when American colleges like Harvard and Yale started playing a more rugby-like game. But America quickly caught up with soccer in the 1920s, attracting large crowds and even stealing away European players. Then the soccer wars happened. Constant battles in the 1920s between the ASL - American Soccer League - and USFA — United States Football Association — carved up American soccer’s cash, fans, and talent. By the time the depression hit, American soccer was so weakened that it couldn’t rebound as well as European and South American soccer culture did. The subsequent half-century of sports build up gave Americans a permanent handicap when it came to building a robust soccer culture. It’s a theory — but the success of the US Women’s National Team bears out the idea that something is specifically wrong for the men. And it just might be the case that 1920s soccer wars are the reason. Read about the own-goal that made the US Men's National Team miss the 2018 World Cup: https://www.theringer.com/2018/6/5/17428184/2018-world-cup-us-soccer-inside-story-jurgen-klinsmann-sunil-gulati-bruce-arena Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 840 - Why the US national anthem is terrible — and perfect

4 juillet 2018

Vox's Estelle Caswell and Joss Fong debate "The Star Spangled Banner" Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO When Francis Scott Key attached his poem about the War of 1812 to a popular British song called "To Anacreon in Heaven," he kicked off over 200 years of painfully bad singing by patriotic Americans. The Star Spangled Banner became the official national anthem of the United States in 1931, but it had been used by the Army and Navy for decades before that and was popular from the start. One big problem? The melody wasn't exactly written for the masses, but for trained soloists. Commentators pointed out early on that it was exceedingly difficult for most people to sing, suggesting that "America the Beautiful" might be a better alternative. Critics have noted that the music requires a uniquely wide vocal range, it's full of tricky intervals, and the lyrics are confusing and uninspiring. But if you look at the national anthem as a sport, where we get to watch performers at the top of their game tackle the gauntlet that is the Star Spangled Banner, you may come to appreciate it. In this video, we debate whether the difficulty of the Star Spangled Banner is a feature or a bug for a national anthem. Further reading: Star-Spangled Banner: The Unlikely Story of America's National Anthem https://www.amazon.com/Star-Spangled-Banner-Unlikely-Americas-National/dp/1421415186 Star Spangled Music: http://starspangledmusic.org/ Slate: Proudly Hailed http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/music_box/2014/07/the_star_spangled_banner_four_reasons_it_shouldn_t_be_the_national_anthem.html Emily Cope: https://medium.com/@emilybcope/music-to-what-extent-does-the-star-spangled-banner-illustrate-how-melody-and-rhythm-influence-the-aff2c78853ed Some songs don't just stick in your head, they change the music world forever. Join Estelle Caswell on a musical journey to discover the stories behind your favorite songs. Check out the entire Vox Earworm playlist here: http://bit.ly/2QCwhMH And follow Vox Earworm on Facebook for more: http://www.facebook.com/VoxEarworm Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Check out our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H Or on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o

Épisode 862 - Why is California always on fire?

14 août 2018

Humans are making the problem worse. Can we get out of nature’s way, for our own good? Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Wildfires are intensifying in California — but “wild”fires might be a misnomer at this point, because humans are responsible for why they’ve gotten so out of control. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences found that 84 percent of fires are started by humans. The Carr fire in northern California, for example, was sparked by the rim of car with a flat tire. If you look at where California’s population is growing and getting denser, you’ll see that more and more people are building in areas that are at risk, increasing the potential for costly destruction — 2017 was the most expensive year on record, topping $10 billion in damages. Since we drastically exacerbated this problem, can we swing it back the other way? The impact of man-made climate change is unlikely to reverse. And people continue to build in dangerous areas, with no sign of stopping. By 2050, there could be over 640,000 new homes built in the path of wildfires. Here’s the research paper explaining how humans start most fires: http://www.pnas.org/content/114/11/2946.full And here is the data on humans expanding into wildfire territory: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264837714001409?via%3Dihub Cal Fire keeps excellent statistics on the fires in the state: http://www.calfire.ca.gov/ Read more of Vox’s coverage of the fires: https://www.vox.com/2018/8/7/17661096/california-wildfires-2018-mendocino-carr-ferguson-climate Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Check out our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H Or on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o

Épisode 880 - Don't blame scooters. Blame the streets.

18 septembre 2018

The sidewalks were never meant for this. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO We teamed up with the University of California to explain one of the hottest trends of 2018: dockless electric scooters. You can see more from University of California in our YouTube series Climate Lab: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HOijUtExiM&list=PLJ8cMiYb3G5fP5oq01TBp9fgh70vDDSMe&index=8 You can also read University of California's write-up on the video above here: https://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/news/the-battle-over-scooters They’re one of many ‘micro-mobility’ innovations rocketing through the transportation sector. Even in cities with exceptional public transportation coverage, gaps persist. This is a decades old problem, often referred to as ‘the last mile/first mile.’ Cities traditionally address the last mile problem by expanding bus routes. But as cities continue to populate while transportation dept budgets dwindle, the patience of commuters is running dry. So scooters, electric skateboards, and pedal assist bikes have become an increasingly popular option for city residents. These innovations, while quite popular, also draw the ire of the oft-beleaguered sidewalk pedestrian. The past century of development prioritized car transportation, often at the expense of wide sidewalks that were once bustling with life. So the planners of today are taking a page out of history to prepare for a brave new world of alternative transportation. If you’d like to learn more about the deal with scooters in your city, I recommend following Curbed. You should start with this write-up by Alissa Walker: https://www.curbed.com/word-on-the-street/2018/7/13/17246060/scooters-uber-lyft-bird-lime-streets Here’s a closer look at the survey data on the popularity of scooters: https://www.populus.ai/micro-mobility-2018-july Here’s Sarah Kaufman on the push to regulate scooters in cities: https://wagner.nyu.edu/rudincenter/2018/06/racing-regulate-scooters-us-cities Here’s a NACTO write-up on what future complete streets could look like. https://nacto.org/publication/bau/automated-vehicles-future-city-streets/ And, just for fun, here’s that Library of Congress footage of San Francisco’s Market Street: https://www.loc.gov/item/00694408/ Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 883 - Why every social media site is a dumpster fire

21 septembre 2018

Social media sites like Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube exploit our tribalism to keep us watching ads. That makes them a perfect target for trolls, conspiracy theorists, and con artists. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Social media sites like Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, and Instagram are built to cater to the base preferences and desires of their users -- figuring out what information people enjoy with and then showing them more of it. That’s a great way to keep people online, but it also makes these platforms prime target for con artists. People are naturally drawn to inflammatory and sensational news stories, regardless of whether or not they're true. So bad actors -- conspiracy theorists, trolls, and fake news writers -- have been tremendously successful in using these platforms to spread false and divisive content that exploit people’s tribal instincts. In 2016, it was Macedonian teens making thousands of dollars publishing inflammatory fake stories about Hillary Clinton. After the Parkland shooting, it was random YouTubers going viral by accusing students of being crisis actors. Even the Russian trolls who meddled in the presidential election did so by posting low-quality, highly emotional content to social media -- content they knew would go viral. The problem with these social media sites isn’t that a few bad apples are ruining the fun. It’s that they’re designed to reward bad apples. And as long as con artists can use these platforms to prey on people’s most base desires, social media sites will continue reflecting the worst of human nature back at us. Read more of Jay Van Bevel’s work here: https://www.nyu.edu/about/news-publications/news/2018/june/jay-van-bavel-on-fake-news.html On Strikethrough, Vox producer Carlos Maza explores the challenges facing the news media in the age of Trump. Follow Carlos on Facebook for more: https://www.facebook.com/CarlosMazaVox Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 887 - Why Kavanaugh's accusers can't remember everything

28 septembre 2018

We expect Christine Blasey Ford and Brett Kavanaugh’s other accusers to perfectly remember the details of what happened to them. But that’s not how memory works, and fixating on the gaps in victims’ memories makes it harder for us to take credible allegations seriously. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO In the weeks since Prof. Christine Blasey Ford accused Supreme Court nominee Brett Kavanaugh of sexually assaulting her at a high school gathering, media coverage has focused heavily on Ford’s memories. Ford admits that she can’t remember key details about the incident, including whose house it took place at and how she got home afterward. Those gaps in her memory have led many of her critics to argue that Ford isn’t credible. Fox News in particular has seized on holes in Ford’s account to raise doubts about her allegations , even floating the theory that Ford may be confusing Kavanaugh for a doppelganger. But forgetting non-essential details is not unusual for trauma survivors. As my colleague Brian Resnick has explained, human memory is notoriously faulty. We often forget or misremember details about our experiences, even if we initially perceived them clearly. That’s especially true for trauma survivors -- like victims of sexual assault. When humans experience intense trauma, our brains have a tendency to hyper-focus on certain pieces of information while ignoring non-essential details. A victim of sexual assault might vividly remember her attacker’s cologne but struggle to remember the layout of the room she was in or what happened in the hours after the attack. Ford, for example, claims to vividly remember the “uproarious laughter” that she heard between Kavanaugh and his friend Mark Judge while she was being assaulted. In other words, critics who fixate on gaps in Ford’s memory are likely holding trauma survivors to a standard they won’t be able to meet. Dr. Thema Bryant-Davis is the director of the Culture and Trauma Lab at Pepperdine University: https://gsep.pepperdine.edu/research-training/culture-and-trauma-research/ Mary P. Koss is a Regent’s Professor at the University of Arizona: https://publichealth.arizona.edu/directory/mary-koss Read more about how rape survivors recover traumatic memories: https://arizona.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/traumatic-memory-characteristics-a-cross-validated-mediational-mo On Strikethrough, Vox producer Carlos Maza explores the challenges facing the news media in the age of Trump. Follow Carlos on Facebook for more: https://www.facebook.com/CarlosMazaVox Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 889 - Why the Soviets doctored this iconic photo

2 octobre 2018

This photo conceals a clue to a brutal story of vengeance. Correction: Many of you pointed out that we erroneously used “Russia” and “Russian” interchangeably with “Soviet Union” and “Soviet” in this video. The Soviet Union was a multiethnic federation, and indeed many non-Russians bore the brunt of Hitler’s initial invasion in 1941. We regret the error — especially in reference to the Soviet soldier raising the flag in the photo, Alexei Kovalev, who is Ukrainian. Additionally, we inaccurately stated that Rosenthal’s photo was taken following the Battle of Iwo Jima. While the capture of Mt. Suribachi was a significant point in the battle, it was not the end, and in fact three of the six Marines pictured were later killed in action on Iwo Jima. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO “Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima” and “Raising a Flag over the Reichstag” are similarly iconic photos from World War II. They’re both beloved images of victory, and they’re both taken after the fighting ended in significant battles. But the Russian one is different, because parts of it are altered. Specifically, a watch being worn by one of the soldiers is edited out, to cover up the possibility that he had been looting. The Soviet invasion of Germany saw brutal acts of civilian murder, rape, and looting as a vengeful act following Operation Barbarossa, Hitler’s 1941 invasion of Russia that left millions dead, including women and children. Darkroom is a new series from Vox producer Coleman Lowndes that digs into stories of the past, one photograph at a time. Watch all the episodes here: http://bit.ly/2U4qGDI Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 893 - How ninjas went mainstream

9 octobre 2018

Ninjas are overrat---just kidding, they’re amazing. But how did they become famous around the world? Check out Vintage Ninja to learn more: http://vintageninja.net/ Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO In this episode of Overrated, Vox’s Phil Edwards gets nunchucked in his heart by ninjas. But why are these secret killers known around the world? The history of ninjas is, fittingly, one with many hidden twists and turns. It starts with the real historical ninjas in feudal Japan, who really did practice what we call ninjutsu. Their mixture of espionage, assassination, and combat was similar to what ninja-fans might imagine, though the reality was more about traveling incognito than looking cool in a black jumpsuit. From there, the ninja quickly became a myth in Japanese culture, entering kabuki theatre as well as manga and novels of the time. Already, the exaggeration of the ninja in Japan had begun, a trend that continued with myth-making Japanese films that vaulted the imaginary ninja into public consciousness. Finally, the ninja traveled to the West from these Japanese films, first showing up in James Bond, and then becoming part of a ninja-sploitation trend. Soon, Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles proved the ninja was so famous it could take on postmodern incarnations. But nearly from the beginning, the ninja was as powerful an idea as a reality, a myth in both Japanese and western culture. And, perhaps most importantly, every version of the ninja — real or not — turned out to be awesome. Overrated is a series that takes a look at the things we all know — the books, the trends, and the ideas that have become iconic — and answers the question: “Why is this so famous"? Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 898 - How IKEA gets you to impulsively buy more

17 octobre 2018

IKEA has mastered the “Gruen effect.” Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Researchers estimate that 50 percent of purchases are unplanned. These purchases, especially impulse buys, present an opportunity for retailers who can entice consumers to deviate from their shopping lists. One of the most effective ways to influence this is through a store’s architecture. In the 20th century, the architect Victor Gruen, who pioneered the first American shopping malls, used light and space to dramatically stage goods in storefront windows. His designs were meant to capture the attention of passersby — and convert them into customers. This conversion became known as the “Gruen effect.” Watch the video above to learn how Ikea has mastered the Gruen effect with a carefully designed store layout that gets customers to travel further distances… and buy more. For the curious, here are a few links: Read Jeffrey Inman’s research on unplanned spending: http://www.advancingretail.org/sites/default/files/resources/The-Effect-of-In-Store-Travel-Distance-on-Unplanned-Spending.pdf Watch a video from University College London Professor Alan Penn, who breaks down Ms. Kazim’s research in greater detail: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NkePRXxH9D4 And finally, I recommend reading Victor Gruen’s biography, “Mallmaker” by Jeffrey Hardwick. You can also learn more by listening to this 99% Invisible podcast episode that features Hardwick and details the history of the Gruen effect: https://99percentinvisible.org/episode/the-gruen-effect/ The Goods by Vox explains what we buy, why we buy it, and why it matters. Watch the rest of The Goods videos on YouTube: http://bit.ly/2PvjHCB Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 900 - Want to be in our new YouTube show? Send us a question.

22 octobre 2018

What’s the most important question facing the world in 2019? Submit a video here: https://app.getstorybox.com/c/prc/359fa/vox-stories?linked Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Do you ever think to yourself, after an unavoidable encounter in the airport with a television that’s blasting cable news, “Why don’t they ever talk about [fill in the blank]?” The news can be confusing, overwhelming, and worst of all, incomplete. That’s where we come in. The Vox video team is launching a new show with YouTube Originals, and it’s unlike anything we’ve done before. Instead of coming up with a bunch of story ideas ourselves, we want your questions to drive our reporting. Tell us: What’s the most important question facing the world in 2019? It can be about anything — science, money, health, relationships, tech, government, and beyond. Your video could be featured in our upcoming series, and we’ll choose 12 of the best question-askers to join us on camera as we report the answers. Do you have a great question for us to explore? Here’s what to do next. Upload a video by Monday, November 5 at www.vox.com/showme telling us your name, where you live, your question, and a personal story about what got you interested in the topic: Did something happen to you or to someone you know? Did you see something in the news and think, “Huh?” Want to increase the likelihood we pick your question? Make sure you’re in the center of the frame, and if you’re on your phone, flip it horizontally! Try to keep windows and bright lights out of the background, and background noise to a minimum. Use an external microphone — earbuds with a built-in mic work great! And finally, keep the video under 5 minutes. Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com/ Check out our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H Or on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o

Épisode 905 - Admit it. Republicans have broken politics.

29 octobre 2018

Neither party is perfect, but Republicans in Congress have been drifting towards political extremism since long before Trump, and they’re making it impossible for Congress to work the way it’s supposed to. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Over the past few decades, both Democrats and Republicans in Congress have moved away from the center. But the Republican Party has moved towards the extreme much more quickly -- a trend that political scientists’ call “asymmetrical polarization.” That asymmetry poses a major obstacle in American politics. As Republicans have become more ideological, they’ve also become less willing to work with Democrats: filibustering Democratic legislation, refusing to consider Democratic appointees, and even shutting down the government in order to force Democrats to give in to their demands. Democrats have responded in turn, becoming more obstructionist as Republican demands become more extreme. And that’s made it really easy for media outlets to blame “both sides” for political gridlock. As political scientists Thomas Mann and Norm Ornstein explain in their book “It’s Even Worse Than It Looks,” journalists feel a pressure to remain neutral when covering big political fights. So politics coverage has been dominated by the myth that both parties are equally to blame for the gridlock in DC. But they’re not. And the only way to stop Republicans in Congress from continuing their drift towards the extreme is to be brutally honest about who’s responsible for breaking our politics. Read more of Ornstein and Mann’s work here: https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/02/opinion/sunday/republicans-broke-congress-politics.html On Strikethrough, Vox producer Carlos Maza explores the challenges facing the news media in the age of Trump. Follow Carlos on Facebook for more: https://www.facebook.com/CarlosMazaVox Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 913 - Vox REACTS to comments??? (5 million subs THANK YOU video!!!) (NOT clickbait)

9 novembre 2018

To Vox fans around the world: Thank you, we love you! And we love your comments too. We want to hear from you! Give us your feedback: https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/5SRVZPV Check out the video we made when we reached 4 million subscribers here: http://bit.ly/2OCyTsa And here are the other Vox videos referenced in this one: 00:52 — How "Instagram traps" are changing art museums: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qx_r-dP22Ps 1:04 — Why there's a ring of natural disasters around the Pacific. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DrwYtGf40hA 1:13 — How Brexit could create a crisis at the Irish border https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e0xGHf8o-9k 1:25 — Why the US national anthem is terrible — and perfect https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cdl8p9akJJw 1:59 — Why people are buying cartoon cats on the blockchain https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jGfvkjzLrNw 2:20 — 2:26 Vox Borders https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CxKxsYTIZXc&list=PLJ8cMiYb3G5dRe4rC7m8jDaqodjZeLzCZ 2:37 — Why America needs automatic voter registration https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hd5Qs0fc_I0 2:50 — Why cities are full of uncomfortable benches https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WeyLEe1T0yo 3:08 — How Trump turned Sean Hannity into a conspiracy theorist https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aqNHc6ZH7P4 3:15 — Apollo 11’s journey to the moon, annotated https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OCjhCL2iqlQ 3:30 — Why gamers use WASD to move https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TPCpXXBHFSA 3:46 — How IKEA gets you to impulsively buy more https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WYKUJgMRQ7A 4:00 — The quest for the perfect apple https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JXRxdgivnic 4:17 — Pro wrestling is an art form https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JVuiB4McVyU Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 932 - How the Saudis ended up with so many American weapons

14 décembre 2018

And why they want more. Become a member of the Vox Video Lab! http://bit.ly/video-lab Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Saudi Arabia and the US have a partnership that's been in the making for over seven decades. It started after World War II and survived the Iranian Revolution, the Cold War, the Gulf War, September 11, and the proliferation of conflicts across the Middle East. This whole time, the US has been selling weapons to Saudi Arabia -- now its number one customer. Saudis bought bombs, tanks, guns, and planes over the years to defend themselves from various threats. The US supplied those weapons because the Saudi’s threats have usually been a threat to the US as well. Today, there's a shift in the relationship. Saudi Arabia’s intervention in Yemen has created the worst humanitarian disaster in the world - and thrown the Middle East into chaos. The problem is, the Saudis are using US bombs to do it. Sources: US-Saudi arms agreements data: Stockholm International Peace Research Institute and the Defense Security Cooperation Agency Arab-Israeli arms race: Congressional Research Service and the Washington Institute for Near East Policy US-Saudi arms policy: Center for International Policy and the Brookings Institute Yemen airstrikes: Human Rights Watch Dahyan, Yemen, school bus bombing: Bellingcat Additional reading: https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2018/04/09/a-saudi-princes-quest-to-remake-the-middle-east https://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/saudi-military/#graphic-sales https://www.fpri.org/article/2009/08/the-u-s-and-saudi-arabia-since-the-1930s/ https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/persian-gulf/1975-10-01/persian-gulf-arms-race-or-arms-control Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 945 - The problem with video gambling machines

17 janvier 2019

What happened when Illinois legalized machines known as “the crack cocaine of gambling”. Become a member of the Vox Video Lab! http://bit.ly/video-lab For more in-depth reporting, check out ProPublica Illinois’ feature piece on video gambling: https://features.propublica.org/the-bad-bet/how-illinois-bet-on-video-gambling-and-lost/ And if you want more of their articles, you can sign up for their newsletter here: https://go.propublica.org/ppil-vox Do you know someone struggling with video gambling? Help ProPublica understand video slots and poker addiction in Illinois: https://www.propublica.org/getinvolved/help-us-investigate-illinois-video-gambling-addiction Nearly a decade ago, Illinois lawmakers legalized video gambling. They hoped that the machines, which offered up electronic versions of games like slots or poker, would generate billions of dollars of revenue for the state. So they passed a bill quickly, with little debate, to expand the industry dramatically. Illinois now has more than 30,000 of these machines, and more locations to legally place a bet than Nevada. A ProPublica Illinois investigation has found that the expansion of video gambling hasn’t pulled Illinois out of debt — it’s actually accelerated it. While people in Illinois have gambled a lot more on machines that can be highly addictive, most of the additional money has ended up in the hands of a small group of companies behind video gambling. Watch the video above to find out what this could mean for the states and cities across the country considering gambling expansions. Note: The headline for this video has been updated since publishing. Previous headline: Video gambling: Not a great way to fund a government Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 952 - The DeLorean paradox: how it failed and became a legend

1 février 2019

The DeLorean was supposed to be the car of the future. Then they stopped making it. Help us make our channel more ambitious by joining the Vox Video Lab. Becoming a member brings you closer to our work and gets you exclusive perks, like livestream Q&As with your favorite Vox creators. Learn more at http://bit.ly/video-lab Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO In this episode of Vox Almanac, producer Phil Edwards explores the past and present of the DeLorean Motor Company, which made the infamous DMC-12. Though many today know the car through the movie Back to the Future, DeLorean has its own incredible story to tell (and one that’s almost harder to believe than a story about time travel). John Z. DeLorean is at its center as the founder and namesake of the company. His path through the upper echelon of General Motors seemed to have set him on course for that company’s Presidency — but he dreamed of starting his own company. The result was the DeLorean Motor Company, which was established in America and eventually planted a factory in Dunmurry, Ireland, near Belfast and during the sectarian civil war known as “the Troubles.” For this video, we interviewed Barrie Wills about his experience working at the company — but we also talked to DeLorean owners about the ways the car has endured, thanks to the movie Back to the Future, and, more importantly, their own ingenuity and creativity. A DeLorean community has kept the car going and, despite the fact that production ended in the early '80s, the car continues to inspire new fans even today. Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 954 - A murder solved, 23 years later | Part 3

6 février 2019

Watch Part 1: https://youtu.be/kiw1Zv-B02c And Part 2: https://youtu.be/beixsgKr93o Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO To learn more about this topic: The Cadaver King and the County Dentist by Radley Balko and Tucker Carrington: https://www.amazon.com/Cadaver-King-Country-Dentist-Injustice-ebook/dp/B01NCHP7XH/ref=sr_1_1 Cops in Lab Coats by Sandra Guerra Thompson: https://www.amazon.com/Cops-Lab-Coats-Convictions-Laboratories/dp/1611635292/ref=sr_1_1 The 2009 NAS report "Strengthening Forensic Science": https://www.nap.edu/catalog/12589/strengthening-forensic-science-in-the-united-states-a-path-forward The 2016 Obama administration report: https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/microsites/ostp/PCAST/pcast_forensic_science_report_final.pdf "The Shifted Paradigm: Forensic Sciences's Overdue Evolution from Magic to Law": https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2572480 False Positive is a 30-minute documentary, split into three episodes and produced by Vox Senior Producer Joss Fong, focusing on the conviction of Robert Lee Stinson. Stinson spent 23 years in a Wisconsin prison for murder after two forensic odontologists concluded that his teeth matched bite marks found on the body of the victim. False Positive looks at the structural and cultural factors that have made the U.S. criminal justice system susceptible to unreliable forensic science, and that continue to impede progress toward more reliable methods today. Watch all three parts of this mini-series: Part 1: https://youtu.be/kiw1Zv-B02c Part 2: https://youtu.be/beixsgKr93o Part 3: https://youtu.be/-1y8Nq0ndsk Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 964 - Why these plankton are eating plastic

25 février 2019

Microfibers, used to make things like yoga pants, are the ocean’s tiniest problem. This video is presented by Brilliant: https://brilliant.org/vox Correction: At 1:04, we mistakenly suggested that rayon is made from plastic. In fact, it is derived from cellulose. When you think of marine pollution, you might picture an oil-slicked seal struggling to breathe on a blackened beach, or a turtle looping in circles with the plastic collar of a six-pack wrapped around its neck. In the past, those powerful images have generated interest and resources for fighting marine pollution, but now a new, much tinier threat is emerging. Microplastics — meaning any plastic object smaller than five millimeters — constitute the vast majority of plastic particles polluting marine habitats. Of those microplastics, a large share are microfibers: tiny strands of plastic that are woven into fabric used to make clothing. These fabrics, known by names like polyester and nylon, are cheap to produce, comfortable to wear, and since arriving on the market in the late 1940s, companies have been using more and more of them. Every time we do laundry, a small amount of microfibers are separated from clothes made from these materials. Since those pieces of plastic are extremely small, they're able to make their way through water treatment centers and into marine resources. Once they reach marine habitats, the ocean’s tiniest creatures consume them, and microfibers work their way up the food chain. Eventually, they reach us. To go deeper on this topic, make sure to read Vox science reporter Brian Resnick’s article on Vox.com: https://www.vox.com/the-goods/2018/9/19/17800654/clothes-plastic-pollution-polyester-washing-machine Watch a new Verge Science about the microplastics polluting our food, water, and air: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r49fl59mFtU Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Sources: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0111913 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-018-0080-1 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X16307639 https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0111913 https://www.nature.com/articles/srep14340#f3 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749116311666#undfig1 https://www.nature.com/articles/srep33997 http://science.sciencemag.org/content/345/6193/144 Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Check out our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Or our podcasts: https://www.vox.com/podcasts Follow Vox on Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H Or on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o

Épisode 976 - The conflict in Kashmir, explained

21 mars 2019

Why Kashmir remains one of the most militarized regions in the world. Become a Video Lab member! http://bit.ly/video-lab The dispute between India and Pakistan over Kashmir is one of the longest running conflicts. Ever since Britain left India in 1947 and hastily drew borders demarcating a Hindu-majority India and a Muslim-majority Pakistan, Kashmir, located right between the two, has been fervently claimed by both nations. India and Pakistan’s first war was fought over Kashmir’s status as the the newly independent countries were being formed. After over a year of bloody conflict the UN stepped in and brokered a ceasefire that drew a line down the middle of Kashmir and gave a portion of the territory to India and the remainder to Pakistan. This arrangement was meant to be temporary. Once the violence settled a vote was to be held that would allow Kashmiris to decide their own future. But more than 70 years later, Kashmiris have yet to vote on their status. They remain stuck between two nuclear nations locked in a dangerous conflict with no end in sight. Additional reading and sources on the conflict: [BBC Timeline] https://www.bbc.com/news/world-south-asia-16069078 [UN report — Human Rights in Kashmir] https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Countries/IN/DevelopmentsInKashmirJune2016ToApril2018.pdf [CFR Conflict Tracker] https://www.cfr.org/interactive/global-conflict-tracker/conflict/conflict-between-india-and-pakistan [Freedom House Report] https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2018/indian-kashmir Special thanks to Kashmiris who shared their opinions with us: Aqib Salam Aarif Shah Aijaz Ganaie Injilla Sidiq Sadaf Zehra Mian Tufail Mehak Dhaar Rehan Rihana Maqbool Waqas Khan Sajid Yousuf Tariq Bashir Through Vox Atlas, producer Sam Ellis demonstrates where conflicts occur on a map and the ways in which foreign policy shapes a region. Watch all the episodes here: http://bit.ly/2SThVsf Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 985 - How heavy metal and Satan gave us this sticker

9 avril 2019

Heavy metal and Satan played a role in the introduction of the explicit lyrics sticker. Become a Video Lab member! http://bit.ly/video-lab The explicit lyrics sticker is one of the most recognizable images in American music. Its placement on an album cover signifies you’re going to hear something for adult ears only, and it’s an image we often take for granted. The story behind how we got that sticker is bonkers, to say the least. The very public discussion around the advisory label involved the Parents Music Resource Center (PMRC), a group led by the wives of Washington politicians and a few musicians including Frank Zappa, Dee Snider, and John Denver. While the PMRC’s involvement was allegedly sparked by some raunchy lyrics from Prince’s 1984 album Purple Rain, the debate over rock lyrics had been infiltrating American culture and politics for a decade. The driving force behind that debate was the rise of heavy metal, a genre that saw explosive popularity with the launch of MTV in 1981, and the growing influence of the religious right, who saw rock music as a powerful threat to Christianity. Follow Vox Earworm on Facebook for more: http://www.facebook.com/VoxEarworm And be sure to check out Earworm's complete first season here: http://bit.ly/2QCwhMH Some songs don't just stick in your head, they change the music world forever. Join Estelle Caswell on a musical journey to discover the stories behind your favorite songs. A number of sources went into the research of this piece including Eric Nuzum’s book Parental Advisory: Music Censorship in America https://www.amazon.com/dp/B002SR2QFK/ref=dp-kindle-redirect?_encoding=UTF8&btkr=1 Note: The headline for this video has been updated since publishing. Previous headline: The devilish history of the explicit lyrics sticker Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 987 - How Leonardo da Vinci made a "satellite" map in 1502

11 avril 2019

It was a feat of technological and symbolic imagination. And it was pretty accurate, too. Join the Video Lab to see Phil's Q&A! http://bit.ly/video-lab Leonardo da Vinci’s known for his art and inventions — but also his groundbreaking maps, like this one of Imola, Italy. In this episode of Vox Almanac, Vox’s Phil Edwards explores how it was made. Further reading: 1) John Pinto’s History of the Ichnographic City Plan is useful to understand the history of these maps. 2) Check out Portraying the City in Early Modern Europe: Measurement, Representation, and Planning by Hilary Ballon and David Friedman for more info. 3) If you want to dig deeper into early maps, Jessica Maier’s Mapping Past and Present: Leonardo Bufalini’s Plan of Rome is fascinating. Please email Phil if you have trouble finding any of these papers. Drafting 1502’s equivalent to a “satellite” map was a massive undertaking, and Leonardo managed to pull it off. His early map helped Italian politcian Cesare Borgia construct an idea of the town of Imola that was far more accurate than most contemporary maps. Through the use of careful measurements of angles and pacing out distances using a primitive odometer, Leonardo managed to create a map that was very close to accurate. This map — an “ichnographic” map — was a step forward in portraying how maps could work to represent geography. Though it’s marked with some inaccuracies, it’s stunningly precise for the time and pushed forward the art of mapmaking. Leonardo’s Imola remains, even today, a remarkably useful guide to the city. In Vox Almanac, Senior Producer Phil Edwards explains the world through history's footnotes. Watch all of Vox Almanac here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4dgzJQsAXfI&list=PLJ8cMiYb3G5dDYkBwaRB-0rp6GJ5vnMTe Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 988 - How Norway designed a more humane prison

12 avril 2019

There’s a better way to design prison architecture. Become a Video Lab member! http://bit.ly/video-lab Halden Prison in Norway looks sort of like a fancy dorm room or a hotel — much different than the barbed wire and cramped cells we often associate with prison design. Its look is all part of a plan to create a more humane prison, one where the architecture isn’t part of the punishment. Most prisons around the world are consolidated into one single building. This style makes it easy and efficient for inmates to move around, but the design is monotonous and full of visually unappealing materials, like steel and concrete. Plus, tight quarters inside these spaces can foster conflict. Halden has a different structure: a campus design, where inmates move from one building to another, and are surrounded by lots of windows and construction materials that help muffle noise and take advantage of natural light. The prison’s layout also encourages guards to interact with inmates face-to-face, which fosters better relationships and reduces security-related incidents. Halden’s design style is expensive — which is why we mostly see it implemented in places with good social support systems, like Western Europe and Scandinavia. Still, the design is setting new standards for what prisons could be like in the future. By Design is a new Vox video series about the intersection of design and technology, hosted by Christophe Haubursin. Check out all the By Design episodes here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NUMa0QkPzns&list=PLJ8cMiYb3G5eD0M1Bfm6lvHy5BR6hoY8X Note: The headline for this video has been updated since publishing. Previous headline: Norway is designing a more humane prison Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 992 - The first faked photograph

19 avril 2019

In 1839, Hippolyte Bayard invented photography. And nobody cared. Become a Video Lab member! http://bit.ly/video-lab People usually associate the birth of photography with Louis Daguerre’s Daguerreotype. His process became the first widespread method of photography after France revealed it to the world on August 19, 1839. But there were actually multiple inventors of photography, and one of them was an amateur French tinkerer named Hippolyte Bayard. Even before Daguerre’s process was revealed, Bayard had achieved photographic results. However, François Arago, the chair of the French Academy of Sciences, overlooked Bayard’s accomplishment and elevated Daguerre’s instead. And as a protest to this perceived injustice, Bayard took a self-portrait depicting himself as an unidentified man in the Paris Morgue who took his own life. This image is not only the first staged photo, it’s also an early example of photography depicting something non-literal and symbolic, laying the groundwork for the medium to be used as a form of creative expression. Bayard's photographs at the French Society of Photography: http://www.sfp.asso.fr/photographie/index.php?/search/76 Sources: The Drowned Inventor, Jillian Lerner: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03087298.2014.939825?journalCode=thph20& The Impossible Photograph, Michal Sapir: http://muse.jhu.edu/article/20909 The New History of Photography, Michal Frizot: https://www.scribd.com/doc/210934705/The-New-History-of-Photography-Michel-Frizot (If you or someone you know is considering self-harm, please seek help through the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 1-800-273-8255.) Note: The headline for this video has been updated since publishing. Previous headline: Why this photography pioneer faked his own death Darkroom is a series from Vox producer Coleman Lowndes that digs into stories of the past, one photograph at a time. Watch all the episodes here: http://bit.ly/321DvzO Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 993 - The goose that conquered America

23 avril 2019

The Canada goose is a nuisance. But you might not realize how it got that way. Start listening with a 30-day Audible trial and your first audiobook plus two Audible Originals are free. Visit https://audible.com/vox or text VOX to 500-500 Become a Video Lab member! http://bit.ly/video-lab In this episode of Vox Almanac, Vox’s Phil Edwards explores the poop-filled history of the Canada goose — and the way people transformed it from migratory wonder to public nuisance. If you’ve played on a soccer field or strolled past a golf course in the United States, you’ve doubtless seen gaggles of Canada geese terrorizing the public space. These geese were actually put here by state agencies in the 1960s, '70s, and '80s as part of public programs to create Canada goose populations after nearly hunting the bird to extinction. Because these birds are all protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act, it proves surprisingly difficult to get the geese to leave. There are some methods of geese removal, like egg oiling, or addling, that stop new geese from hatching. It’s a lot of effort, but it works. Still, these Canada geese illustrate some of the unintended consequences that happened when people tried to foster flocks in the last half-century. Further Reading: Home grown honkers was a definitive guide to goose raising. You can find information about it here, and some used copies are available online: https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/93780 Cornell Lab of Ornithology’s bird guide is an invaluable resource to learn the basics about all birds, including the Canada goose: https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Canada_Goose/ Many state agencies have written histories of their geese programs, but this Federal Impact Statement from 2002 is the best option for an overall picture: https://books.google.com/books?id=VzA3AQAAMAAJ&dq=canada%20goose%20history%20extinction&pg=PP2#v=onepage&q=canada%20goose%20history%20extinction&f=false Harold Hanson’s book, The Giant Canada Goose, chronicles the rediscovery of a species once thought extinct (as well as some breeding advice): https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Giant_Canada_Goose.html?id=EzXxAAAAMAAJ These bird population studies give you a picture of changing bird populations over the past 50 years: https://www.mbr-pwrc.usgs.gov/bbs/tr2015/trend2015_v3.html Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 994 - Why disco made pop songs longer

25 avril 2019

Disco, DJs, and the impact of the 12-inch single. Try Dashlane here: https://dashlane.com/vox. Get 10% off now with promo code: VOX Become a Video Lab member! http://bit.ly/video-lab In the early 1970s, a musical sensation took over New York City. It was called Disco. Before Disco became synonymous with Saturday Night Fever, Rod Stewart, and celebrity-fueled parties, it was an underground movement powered by the innovations of young DJs challenging themselves and each other to throw the city’s most adventurous dance parties. By 1973, their influence as musical taste makers became apparent, and a handful of unconventional dance tracks became pop crossover hits. With barely any radio airplay, songs like "Love Theme" and "Girl You Need a Change of Mind" became defining tracks of the disco era. These songs were repetitive, hypnotic, and funky, and they were also pretty long compared to other pop hits. That presented a problem for DJs using 7-inch 45rpm singles, which fit only 3:30 minutes of quality audio on them, during their night-long sets. They needed a vinyl record that could make their most popular tracks sound powerful on a dance floor and last the whole night. In 1976, an accidental studio discovery by Disco pioneer Tom Moulton provided the solution: A 12-inch single. By stretching one song across 12 inches of vinyl, a format typically reserved for full-length albums, those extended dance tracks had room to breath. By the 1980s, the 12-inch single dominated pop music. It not only changed the sound of records, it allowed for music producers to experiment with length and structure. SOURCES: While I dug through hundreds of pages of billboard charts and oral histories of the disco era to research and write this piece a few select sources proved incredibly helpful and they are linked below. I highly recommend checking them out if you want to learn more about this story. Books: Last Night a DJ Saved My Life by Bill Brewster Love Saves the Day: A History of American Dance Music Culture, 1970–1979 by Tim Lawrence Articles: Mix Mag’s collection of stories on Disco and I Feel Love https://mixmag.net/feature/the-master-patrick-cowley-created-the-definitive-i-feel-love-remix Red Bull Music Academy’s Disco story archive: https://daily.redbullmusicacademy.com/disco-collection Note: The headline for this video has been updated since publishing. Previous headline: The disco invention that changed pop music Follow Vox Earworm on Facebook for more: http://www.facebook.com/VoxEarworm And be sure to check out Earworm's complete first season here: http://bit.ly/2QCwhMH Some songs don't just stick in your head, they change the music world forever. Join Estelle Caswell on a musical journey to discover the stories behind your favorite songs. Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H This video is sponsored by Dashlane.

Épisode 995 - This lake now has legal rights, just like you

29 avril 2019

Why the “rights of nature” could be the next frontier for environmentalism. This video is presented by CuriosityStream: https://www.curiositystream.com/Vox Join the Video Lab! http://bit.ly/video-lab Read more about the movement behind the Lake Erie Bill of Rights: https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2019/2/26/18241904/lake-erie-legal-rights-personhood-nature-environment-toledo-ohio The Lake Erie Bill of Rights is the first law of its kind in the United States. In February of 2019, the residents of Toledo, Ohio voted to give Lake Erie's entire ecosystem legal rights. That means any citizen of Toledo, if they have credible evidence that a corporation or government is harming the lake, can file a lawsuit on behalf of Lake Erie in court. The Lake Erie Bill of Rights is part of a larger movement to give legal rights to mountains, rivers, forests, and other natural objects. The citizens of these communities -- from Pennsylvania, to Ecuador, to New Zealand -- argue that because their long-term survival is dependent on the health of their natural surroundings, anything that harms the lakes, rivers, or forests they depend on should be considered a legal harm. It’s a totally new way of approaching the law, and it could change the very nature of our relationship with the natural world. This is how one community in Ohio started what they hope will be a nationwide movement. Further Reading: The National Center for Water Quality at Heidelberg University in Tiffin, Ohio has a great site (http://lakeeriealgae.com/) on harmful algae blooms. This feature from Belt Magazine (https://beltmag.com/big-ag-vs-lake-erie/) goes into more detail about some of the other agricultural practices that contribute to Lake Erie’s harmful algal blooms. This in-depth explainer (https://civileats.com/2019/04/09/lake-erie-was-granted-legal-rights-could-it-change-the-farm-pollution-debate/) from Civil Eats goes into more detail about the rise of CAFOs in the Western Lake Erie Basin. Ohio Sea Grant (https://ohioseagrant.osu.edu/research/issues/habs) is another excellent resource for learning about harmful algae blooms. Pam Taylor’s group, Environmentally Concerned Citizens of South Central Michigan, published a report in collaboration with the Sierra Club (https://www.sierraclub.org/michigan/follow-manure-factory-farms-and-lake-erie-algal-crisis) on the impact of manure spreading in the Western Lake Erie Basin. If you want to learn more about how larger industrial farm operations view the issue, this blog post (https://ofbf.org/2019/02/27/farm-bureau-support-farmers-legal-action-lake-erie-bill-of-rights/) from the Ohio Farm Bureau outlines why they’re fighting the Lake Erie Bill of Rights in court. Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 996 - The truth behind the TV show Cops

2 mai 2019

The longest-running reality show in The US. Join the Video Lab! http://bit.ly/video-lab Subscribe to the "Running From Cops" podcast: https://www.topic.com/runningfromcops “When it premiered, “Cops” was one of the first reality television shows and it has been broadcasting continuously since 1989. In this video, we worked with the podcast “Running From Cops” to understand why the show has stayed on TV for so long. At the time it was selected for development by Fox executive Stephen Chao, the writer’s strike of 1988 had created a desire for unscripted television that didn’t require hiring union talent. But once “Cops” was on the air, it was the vision of “Cops” creator John Langley that would make the show last. He understood that the show presented a new opportunity for law enforcement agencies and it was his approach to making “Cops” that has kept police interested in appearing on the show. While “Cops” no longer has the high TV ratings it garnered during the nineties, it has been a persistent presence on television and it has spawned several imitators, including the very popular show “Live PD”. Like “Cops”, these shows use variations of a reality format developed by “Cops” that features police performing their daily duties. The stripped-down format has remained nearly the same since the show began in 1989 and during the thirty years since “Cops” has had the same agreement with police that agree to appear on the reality show. To learn what that agreement is, make sure to watch the video above. To learn even more about “Cops”, make sure to listen to “Running From Cops”: a podcast that investigates various aspects of “Cops” and examines its cultural impact on policing on America. Sources: 2018 ratings (“Roseanne” no longer running): https://www.businessinsider.com/most-popular-tv-shows-of-the-year-nielsen-ratings-2018-5 https://www.thedailybeast.com/game-of-thrones-finale-2018-how-much-will-it-cost https://deadline.com/2018/12/live-pd-is-most-viewed-show-of-2018-on-ott-vod-and-dvr-survey-1202526855/ Newspapers: “New York Times”, January 7, 1989 “Pittsburgh Post-Gazette” March 11, 1989 “Arizona Republic” March 10, 1989 “The Californian” November 24, 2015 “Cops” filming locations: https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0096563/locations http://www.episodedata.com/ https://www.themoviedb.org/tv/3670-cops/seasons “Cops” viewership: “Law Enforcement and Crime on ‘Cops’ and ‘World’s Wildest Police Videos’: Anecdotal Form and the Justification of Racial Profiling” Theodore O. Prosise, & Ann Johnson p. 74 http://www.uky.edu/~addesa01/documents/Cops.pdf https://tvseriesfinale.com/tv-show/cops Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1000 - How Game of Thrones uses costumes to show power

13 mai 2019

Costume design links Sansa Stark and Cersei Lannister. This video is presented by Skillshare. Click here to get your first two months of Skillshare for free: https://skl.sh/vox2 Become a Video Lab member! http://bit.ly/video-lab Sansa Stark and Cersei Lannister are two of Game of Thrones’ most recognizable enemies. But despite being on opposite sides of Westeros, their costumes have a ton in common. From the very beginning of the show, their outfits have been mirrors. When they’re both oppressed and weak in the earlier seasons, they’re dressed in loose, pastel clothing signaling their lack of power. As the show moves on and their plots become more complicated, they don “survival camouflage,” clothes used to mask secrets and blend in with enemies. And when both women begin to assert the power of their houses, Lannister lions and Stark wolves become the focal point of their clothes. In the show’s final season, Sansa and Cersei default to military-style accents on their gowns as they prep for battle. Those high-necked dresses evoke images of each family’s armor — full of defensive details like epaulets and draped chains. And while both leaders have learned different lessons about war and family, it’s safe to say their outfit parallels are there for a reason. Read more about the costumes of these powerful women on vox.com: https://www.vox.com/the-goods/2019/4/19/18484819/game-of-thrones-daenerys-targaryen-costumes-michele-clapton https://www.vox.com/the-goods/2019/4/9/18300675/game-of-thrones-cersei-lannister-costumes-michele-clapton https://www.vox.com/the-goods/2019/4/3/18287327/game-of-thrones-sansa-stark-costumes-michele-clapton Note: The headline for this video has been updated since publishing. Previous headline: How Game of Thrones uses costume design to show power Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what’s really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1005 - The race to save endangered foods

3 juin 2019

Wild animals aren’t the only ones facing extinction. Join the Video Lab! http://bit.ly/video-lab We’re letting foods we’ve eaten for thousands of years disappear from farmers’ fields, and from our plates. Saving them isn’t just a matter of cultural preservation. In the next 30 years, we’re going to need to learn how to feed more people on a hotter planet, and the more genetic varieties we lose, the harder it’ll be to adapt. To learn more about the foods facing extinction in the US and around the world, check out the Ark of Taste, a project of Slow Food USA. Journalist Mark Shapiro’s book, Seeds of Resistance, goes into much more detail about the risk that genetic homogeneity poses to our food supply. He also profiles some of the efforts, many led by indigenous communities, to preserve older seed varieties. For more on seed relabeling, check out the Farmers Business Network’s 2018 Seed Relabeling Report. The chart on declining global yields for corn, wheat, and rice comes from an article in the academic journal Disasters and Climate Change Economics from agricultural economists Mekbib G. Haile, Tesfamicheal Wossen, Kindie Tesfaye, and Joachim von Braun. Their prediction model takes into account both climate change and price volatility, which is why their estimates are higher than those of some other researchers. Special thanks to Marie Haga of Global Crop Diversity Trust, and Marleni Ramírez of Bioversity International for sharing their knowledge with me. Sources: - https://www.slowfoodusa.org/ark-of-taste - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B01NA6SQFF/ref=dp-kindle-redirect?_encoding=UTF8&btkr=1 - https://use.farmersbusinessnetwork.com/seed-relabeling-report-2018 - https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41885-017-0005-2 - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5584412/ - https://www.croptrust.org/ - https://www.bioversityinternational.org/ Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1009 - The weird rule that broke American politics

17 juin 2019

The filibuster started as an accident. Today it lets the losers rule Congress. Become a Video Lab member! http://bit.ly/video-lab The US Senate is supposed to pass laws. But today, it’s broken. And it’s broken because of something called the filibuster, which has been part of Senate tradition for over 200 years. But the filibuster came into being by accident. And today, some politicians are suggesting we should get rid of it entirely. Further reading: * My colleague Matt Yglesias does a great job breaking down the 2020 Democrats’ debate over the filibuster: https://www.vox.com/2019/3/5/18241447/filibuster-reform-explained-warren-booker-sanders * Ezra Klein dispels some myths about the filibuster: https://www.vox.com/2015/5/27/18089312/myths-about-the-filibuster * The book “Politics of Principle?” from Sarah Binder and Steven Smith from the Brookings Institution, really helped me understand the Senate filibuster: https://www.brookings.edu/book/politics-or-principle/ * The book “Filibustering: A Political History of Obstruction in the House and Senate” from Gregory Koger, a University of Miami political scientist, puts the filibuster in a broader context: https://www.amazon.com/Filibustering-Political-Obstruction-American-Politics/dp/0226449653 * Lastly, this article from the Stanford Law Review answered some basic questions about the Senate filibuster: https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1682&context=faculty_scholarship;The "Note: The headline for this video has been updated since publishing. Previous headline: How the filibuster broke the US senate Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1012 - When white supremacists overthrew a government

20 juin 2019

The hidden history of an American coup. Help our reporting on hidden histories. Submit a story idea here: http://bit.ly/2RhjxMy Correction at 7:23: Cynthia's ancestors lived in Wilmington, not her descendants. In November 1898, in Wilmington, North Carolina, a mob of 2,000 white men expelled black and white political leaders, destroyed the property of the city’s black residents, and killed dozens--if not hundreds--of people. How did such a turn of events change the course of the city? For decades, the story of this violence was buried, while the perpetrators were cast as heroes. Yet its impacts resonate across the state to this day. In the new Vox series Missing Chapter, Vox Senior Producer Ranjani Chakraborty revisits underreported and often overlooked moments from the past to give context to the present. Join her as she covers the histories that are often left out of our textbooks. Our first season tackles stories of racial injustice, political conflicts, even the hidden history of US medical experimentation. Sign up for the Missing Chapter newsletter to stay up to date with the series: https://vox.com/missing-chapter Watch Ranjani's earlier video on the hidden history of the Tulsa Massacre: https://youtu.be/x-ItsPBTFO0 For more reading, check out the links below: The final report from the state commission on 1898 Wilmington: https://www.ncdcr.gov/learn/resources-topic/1898-wilmington-race-riot-commission An in-depth documentary about the events of 1898: http://wilmingtononfire.com/about The News and Observer’s recent coverage of 1898: https://www.newsobserver.com/article192293519.html and https://media2.newsobserver.com/content/media/2010/5/3/ghostsof1898.pdf Explore the full Missing Chapter playlist, including episodes, a creator Q&A, and more! https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ8cMiYb3G5fR2kt0L4Nihvel4pEDw9od Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1013 - Hong Kong’s huge protests, explained

22 juin 2019

The people of Hong Kong are protesting in record-breaking numbers. Become a Video Lab member! http://bit.ly/video-lab Correction at 7:48: The protester says “They are not doing this for themselves, but for the future of Hong Kong.” Hundreds of thousands of Hongkongers have taken to the streets to protest a controversial extradition bill that could send Hong Kong residents to mainland China to be tried in court. Hong Kong’s Chief Executive, Carrie Lam, says the bill is meant to prevent Hong Kong from becoming a safe haven for fugitives. But its opponents fear that Hong Kong would be exposed to China’s flawed judicial system, which would lead to further erasure of the city’s judicial independence. At first Lam was determined to move forward with the bill. But after a series of massive protests, she announced she would “indefinitely suspend” the bill. But protesters aren't accepting the suspension, and have started demanding its complete withdrawal. They've also begun calling for Lam’s resignation. But this rise in tensions is about a lot more than a bill. To understand why this bill hits a nerve with Hongkongers, it's important to understand Hong Kong’s relationship with China - and exactly how the bill would tip the scales in China’s favor. Watch this video to understand the news coming out of Hong Kong and the history that led up to this moment. For more watch Episode one of our Vox Borders Hong Kong episodes here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MQyxG4vTyZ8 And for even more context on Hong Kong’s history with Britain you can watch another one of our Vox Borders Hong Kong episodes here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=StW7oGSR_Mg If you want to get real nerdy you can read Hong Kong’s Basic Law (their mini Constitution) here: https://www.basiclaw.gov.hk/en/basiclawtext/index.html You can also read the Sino-British Joint Declaration that defined Hong Kong when the British handed it back to China in 1997 here: http://www.gov.cn/english/2007-06/14/content_649468.htm And the extradition law introduced in Hong Kong that has sparked massive protests here: https://www.legco.gov.hk/yr18-19/english/hc/papers/hc20190412ls-65-e.pdf Here is a piece reported by the New York Times on the latest from Carrie Lam, Hong Kong's leader: https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/10/world/asia/hong-kong-carrie-lam-extradition.html Here are some additional resources regarding Hong Kong’s democracy and political make-up: https://sites.duke.edu/corporations/2018/01/29/the-mirror-colonial-britain-and-chinas-rationale-for-hong-kongs-functional-constituency/ https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/democracy-hong-kong https://books.google.com/books?id=ZDubDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA202&lpg=PA202&dq=Reunification,+Patriotism,+and+Political+Disorder:+From+1997+to+2017+%22underground+front%22&source=bl&ots=vn4zdV2FSi&sig=ACfU3U2yyYBTZ0hFfWC6y9oYS4YzxY6UDg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjVgcDv5eziAhXQg-AKHV4EB9sQ6AEwAXoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false And finally, you can also find our latest articles covering the most recent developments here: https://www.vox.com/2019/6/18/18683582/hong-kong-extradition-bill-protests-china https://www.vox.com/world/2019/6/16/18680897/huge-hong-kong-protests-continue-after-the-government-postpones-controversial-billhttps://www.vox.com/2019/6/11/18661007/hong-kong-protest-2019-china-extradition https://www.vox.com/world/2019/6/9/18658650/hong-kong-protest-march-china-extradition-bill-2019 Thanks for watching! And let us know what you think of this video in the comments! Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1014 - How this border transformed a subcontinent | India & Pakistan

26 juin 2019

The story of how a hastily-drawn line divided one people into two. This season of Borders is presented by CuriosityStream. Watch thousands of documentaries for free for 31-days: https://www.curiositystream.com/Borders Join the Video Lab to help us make more Vox Borders! http://bit.ly/video-lab Follow the Vox Borders watch page: https://www.facebook.com/VoxBorders/ Follow Johnny on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/johnny.harris/ Sign up for the Borders newsletter: http://www.vox.com/borders-email With original music by Tom Fox: https://tfbeats.com/ The video conferencing session between the two schools was conducted between students of Gyan Mandir Public School (Delhi, India) and Adamjee Model School (Karachi, Pakistan). The session was coordinated by Ms Anju Anand and Ms Devika Mittal from Indian side and Mr Usama Palla and Ms Suraya Islam from Pakistan. We're grateful they let us drop by! The British tasked Cyril Radcliffe with the job of drawing a line to separate Punjab and Bengal provinces from India into East and West Pakistan. Muslims and Hindus weren’t the only ones being separated from each other. Sikhs and people from other faiths were affected as well. A Sikh pilgrimage was divided because of the new border, Punjabi people of all faiths were separated from each other, and a culture was ultimately divided. This Vox Borders episode looks at how the Radcliffe line changed Punjab and how communities are affected now. Watch all the episodes of Vox Borders: India here: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ8cMiYb3G5eLwIHwp0NAPJaLSo9qNexm To learn more about the colonial history of the subcontinent, watch our explainer on the role of Great Britain in shaping the histories of India and Pakistan: https://youtu.be/OIVPi0bvmtI For more on the present relationship between India and Pakistan, watch our explainer on the conflict in Kashmir here: https://youtu.be/cyayif_nla8 Vox Borders is an international documentary series by Emmy-nominated producer Johnny Harris exploring life at the edge of nations. Start from the beginning. Watch all full episodes of Vox Borders on YouTube in one playlist: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dVwv4wPA88&list=PLJ8cMiYb3G5dRe4rC7m8jDaqodjZeLzCZ Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1017 - The problem with sex testing in sports

29 juin 2019

Caster Semenya’s court case is the latest chapter in a long and confusing history. Try Dashlane free here: http://www.dashlane.com/vox – Get 10% off now with my promo code: VOX This spring, the Court of Arbitration for Sport upheld rules imposed by the International Association of Athletic Federations (IAAF) limiting the participation of female athletes with high levels of testosterone. On the other side of the decision was Caster Semenya: a South African runner who has repeatedly been penalized by sports officials throughout her career. The IAAF has gone through many iterations of their female regulations throughout the past decade, and Caster Semenya has been targeted with each successive policy. Most recently, the regulation has been a testosterone limit of five nanomoles per liter. Throughout the past decade, the media has been following Semenya's story closely and shaping a narrative that is often misguided or inaccurate. In this video we piece together the underlying issues relevant to sex testing in sports and contextualize them within the long history of scrutinizing female athletes. By covering the controversy surrounding 2016 women’s 800 meters Olympic gold medalist Caster Semenya, along with historical events concerning Polish sprinter Ewa Klobukowska and Indian sprinter Dutee Chand, the goal is to help explain how athletic officials have repeatedly failed in their attempt to establish definitive sex testing regulations for female competitors. Sources: Sex, gender, DSD, and other terminology: http://www.familyfoundation.org/biological-sex-resources https://www.seattlechildrens.org/clinics/differences-sex-development/ https://interactadvocates.org/ https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/disorders-sex-development/ https://www.med.umich.edu/yourchild/topics/dsd.htm IAAF policy: https://www.iaaf.org/news/iaaf-news/iaaf-to-introduce-eligibility-rules-for-femal-1 https://www.iaaf.org/news/press-release/eligibility-regulations-for-female-classifica https://www.utpjournals.press/doi/pdf/10.3138/cbmh.28.2.339 https://medicine.yale.edu/rnacenter/article.aspx?id=3068 IAAF study: https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/51/17/1309 IAAF study criticism and research: https://www.sportsintegrityinitiative.com/scientific-inaccuracies-study-used-support-iaafs-dsd-regulations/ https://www.sportsintegrityinitiative.com/questions-remain-iaaf-differences-sex-development-regulations/ Testosterone research: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2917954 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40318-019-00143-w Olympic data: https://www.olympic.org/women-in-sport/background/key-dates https://www.olympic.org/women-in-sport/background/statistics Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1019 - How India runs the world's biggest election

3 juillet 2019

900 million eligible voters need access to polling booths. This season of Borders is presented by CuriosityStream. Watch thousands of documentaries for free for 31-days: https://www.curiositystream.com/Borders Join the Video Lab to help us make more Vox Borders! http://bit.ly/video-lab Follow the Vox Borders watch page: https://www.facebook.com/VoxBorders/ Follow Johnny on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/johnnywharris/ Sign up for the Borders newsletter: http://www.vox.com/borders-email With original music by Tom Fox: https://tfbeats.com/ Elections in India aren’t like others. India voted to pick its central government for the next five years throughout the spring of 2019. An eighth of the world’s entire population was eligible to vote in this election. That’s 900 million people, and more than 67 percent voted. India runs the world’s biggest elections, and officials put in a lot of effort to make this democratic exercise is as accessible as possible. This means they make sure everyone, even in the most remote locations, is near a polling booth — even if it means bringing voting machines to them by elephant. This Vox Borders episode looks at how India pulls off massive elections. Watch the first episode of Vox Borders: India -- https://www.youtube.com/watch?reload=9&v=r5Ps1TZXAN8 Watch all the episodes of Vox Borders: India here: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ8cMiYb3G5eLwIHwp0NAPJaLSo9qNexm Vox Borders is an international documentary series by Emmy-nominated producer Johnny Harris exploring life at the edge of nations. Start from the beginning. Watch all full episodes of Vox Borders on YouTube in one playlist: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dVwv4wPA88&list=PLJ8cMiYb3G5dRe4rC7m8jDaqodjZeLzCZ Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1021 - India and Sri Lanka's violent fight over fish

10 juillet 2019

How a maritime border created a conflict in the Indian Ocean. This season of Borders is presented by CuriosityStream. Watch thousands of documentaries for free for 31-days: https://www.curiositystream.com/Borders Join the Video Lab to help us make more Vox Borders! http://bit.ly/video-lab Follow the Vox Borders watch page: https://www.facebook.com/VoxBorders/ Follow Johnny on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/johnny.harris/ Sign up for the Borders newsletter: http://www.vox.com/borders-email With original music by Tom Fox: https://tfbeats.com/ Fishing is the economic lifeline for villages in northern Sri Lanka. But after a decades long civil war, fishermen returned to find their fish stocks depleted – and they pointed the finger squarely at neighboring India. As Indian fishermen developed methods to increase hauls, and crossed a maritime border that was more permeable during the war, they depleted the fish stock for both sides. Now, the Sri Lankan Navy is retaliating with force, only making the relationship between the two communities that rely on these waters worse. This Vox Borders episode will look at how the drawing of a maritime border and lack of access to fish caused a conflict between two communities that used to live in harmony. Watch the first episode of Vox Borders: India -- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r5Ps1TZXAN8 Watch all the episodes of Vox Borders: India here: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ8cMiYb3G5eLwIHwp0NAPJaLSo9qNexm Vox Borders is an international documentary series by Emmy-nominated producer Johnny Harris exploring life at the edge of nations. Start from the beginning. Watch all full episodes of Vox Borders on YouTube in one playlist: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dVwv4wPA88&list=PLJ8cMiYb3G5dRe4rC7m8jDaqodjZeLzCZ Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1023 - The ingredients of a classic house track

15 juillet 2019

With a disco sample and drum machine house music took over the globe . Become a Video Lab member! http://bit.ly/video-lab House has become one of the most popular forms of electronic music since its inception in the late 80’s. It began in Chicago, when local DJ’s and music producers experimented with remixing disco vocals over hard hitting drum machines. They would soon play a huge role in popularizing the sound and distinguishing house music as a global music genre. Chicago gospel singer, Loleatta Halloway, is one of the most widely sampled artists in house music history. Her song “Love Sensation” has been sampled nearly 300 times, including on Black Box’s “Ride on Time”, the notorious hit that became the best selling single in the U.K in 1989. Special thanks to James Wiltshire and Torsten Schmidt for offering their expertise in this video. Links to them are below: James Wiltshire: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aSFQIlnB_1k Torsten Schmidt: https://daily.redbullmusicacademy.com/author/torsten-schmidt There are countless histories on house music across the internet, the ones listed below proved tremendously helpful in putting this video together. Red Bull Music Academy, TR-909 and House music https://daily.redbullmusicacademy.com/2016/09/instrumental-instruments-909 Time to Jack: Chip E on the Birth of Chicago House https://daily.redbullmusicacademy.com/2019/01/chip-e-interview Frankie Knuckles on the Birth of House Music | Red Bull Music Academy https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OM0fga9HdIE The Chicago Record Store That Popularized House https://daily.redbullmusicacademy.com/2016/11/importes-etc-feature When Techno Was House https://daily.redbullmusicacademy.com/2017/08/chicago-house-detroit-techno-feature Collection of WBMX radio show playlists https://www.gridface.com/ How Loleatta Holloway Became Disco’s Most Sampled Artist https://www.electronicbeats.net/how-loleatta-holloway-became-discos-most-sampled-artist/ I was there when house music took over the world https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Rah1F1zq1k Note: The headline for this video has been updated since publishing. Previous headline: How Chicago built house music from the ashes of disco Follow Vox Earworm on Facebook for more: http://www.facebook.com/VoxEarworm Some songs don't just stick in your head, they change the music world forever. Join Estelle Caswell on a musical journey to discover the stories behind your favorite songs. And be sure to check out Earworm's complete first season here: http://bit.ly/2QCwhMH Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1024 - India's trucks are works of art

17 juillet 2019

Why India’s trucks are so colorful. Season 2 of Borders is presented by CuriosityStream. Watch thousands of documentaries for free for 31 days: https://www.curiositystream.com/Borders Join the Video Lab to support Vox Borders: http://bit.ly/video-lab Follow the Vox Borders watch page: https://www.facebook.com/VoxBorders/ Follow Johnny on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/johnnywharris/ Sign up for the Borders newsletter: http://www.vox.com/borders-email With original music by Tom Fox: https://tfbeats.com/ Bedfords were first introduced to British India during World War II. This truck model and others similar to it stuck around, and since then they've been produced commercially throughout the country. But today, they’re not just functional and mundane — their paintings make them stand out. Colorful trucks aren’t rare in India, and their designs aren’t random. Artists that specialize in painting these trucks put a lot of thought into the art form, making the vehicles a spectacle of beauty in India. This Vox Borders episode looks at why truck art is such a staple in India. Watch the first episode of Vox Borders: India -- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r5Ps1TZXAN8 Watch all the episodes of Vox Borders: India here: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ8cMiYb3G5eLwIHwp0NAPJaLSo9qNexm Vox Borders is an international documentary series by Emmy-nominated producer Johnny Harris exploring life at the edge of nations. Start from the beginning. Watch all full episodes of Vox Borders on YouTube in one playlist: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dVwv4wPA88&list=PLJ8cMiYb3G5dRe4rC7m8jDaqodjZeLzCZ Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1027 - India’s cow vigilantes are targeting Muslims

24 juillet 2019

In India, Muslims are being killed over cows. This season of Borders is presented by CuriosityStream. Watch thousands of documentaries for free for 31-days: https://www.curiositystream.com/Borders Join the Video Lab to help us make more Vox Borders! http://bit.ly/video-lab Follow the Vox Borders watch page: https://www.facebook.com/VoxBorders/ Follow Johnny on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/johnny.harris/ Sign up for the Borders newsletter: http://www.vox.com/borders-email With original music by Tom Fox: https://tfbeats.com/ India’s government has strict laws surrounding cow slaughter because cows are sacred in Hinduism. Prime Minister Narendra Modi emphasized the need to make sure India’s cows are protected and some state governments followed suit by opening more cow shelters and ordering more police crackdowns. But some took cow protection into their own hands. Cow vigilantes started patrolling neighborhoods looking to physically punish those who were allegedly harboring cows, consuming cows or even transporting cows. In most cases, the victims of these mob beatings were Muslim. This Vox Borders episode looks at why violence over cows increased since India’s elections in 2014. Watch all the episodes of Vox Borders: India here: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list... Vox Borders is an international documentary series by Emmy-nominated producer Johnny Harris exploring life at the edge of nations. Start from the beginning. Watch all full episodes of Vox Borders on YouTube in one playlist: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dVwv... Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1030 - The dark history of "gasoline baths" at the border

29 juillet 2019

An alarming US border policy forced fumigations on migrants at the US-Mexico border. Help our reporting on hidden histories. Submit a story idea here: http://bit.ly/2RhjxMy In 1917, American health officials launched a campaign to use noxious, often toxic chemicals to delouse immigrants seeking to enter at the US-Mexico border. The same practice had caused a fire in an El Paso jail the year before and killed 27 people. 17-year-old Juárez maid Carmelita Torres refused to go through it, sparking a protest of thousands of Mexicans at the El Paso border. Although they briefly shut down the border, the campaign would continue for decades -- and go on to inspire Nazi scientists. For more reading, check out the links below: David Dorado Romo’s book, Ringside Seat to a Revolution: https://www.cincopuntos.com/products_detail.sstg?id=91 The Bracero History Archive: http://braceroarchive.org John Mckiernan-González’s book, Fevered Measures: Public Health and Race at the Texas -Mexico Border, 1848-1942: https://www.dukeupress.edu/fevered-measures Alexandra Minna Stern’s book, Eugenic Nation: https://www.ucpress.edu/book/9780520285064/eugenic-nation This is the second episode of our Missing Chapter series, where Vox producer Ranjani Chakraborty revisits underreported and often overlooked moments from the past to give context to the present. Join her as she covers the histories that are often left out of our textbooks. Our first season tackles stories of racial injustice, political conflicts, even the hidden history of US medical experimentation. Have an idea for a story that Ranjani should investigate for Missing Chapter? Send it to her via this form! http://bit.ly/2RhjxMy Sign up for the Missing Chapter newsletter to stay up to date with the series: https://vox.com/missing-chapter Explore the full Missing Chapter playlist, including episodes, a creator Q&A, and more! https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ8cMiYb3G5fR2kt0L4Nihvel4pEDw9od Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1031 - Why the US has so many tornadoes

30 juillet 2019

Tornado Alley experiences more tornadoes than anywhere else in the world — why? This video is presented by CuriosityStream: https://www.curiositystream.com/Vox Become a Video Lab member! http://bit.ly/video-lab The United States experiences more tornadoes than any other country, averaging over 1,200 per year. Most of those twisters are touching down in the central part of the country in an area called “Tornado Alley.” While the boundaries of this tornado hotbed are disputed, there’s no denying that something is going on here — and it all has to do with geography. The map we use in this video for Tornado Alley boundaries is from NOAA — you can find that and more information on their website: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/climate-information/extreme-events/us-tornado-climatology/tornado-alley Information on tornado averages and trends can also be found at NOAA: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/climate-information/extreme-events/us-tornado-climatology/trends You may have noticed on our graphic around the one-minute mark that many of the Southeastern US states are prone to tornadoes as well. This is because they’re part of an area called “Dixie Alley.” The main difference between this area and Tornado Alley that tornadoes in Dixie Alley are more likely to touch down in the fall, while Tornado Alley experiences twisters in the early spring. This happens for the reasons outlined in the video above. This article offers a fairly compelling comparison of the two: http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.660.5241&rep=rep1&type=pdf Finally, this video offered a simplified explanation of a really complex weather phenomenon. This National Geographic article does a really great job breaking it down again and also offers information on why it’s so hard to track and predict tornadoes: https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2015/05/150511-tornadoes-storms-midwest-weather-science/ Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1035 - How Davy Crockett became an American legend

7 août 2019

Was Davy Crockett a sellout? And does it matter? Help us make more ambitious videos by joining the Vox Video Lab. It brings you closer to our work and gets you exclusive perks, like livestream Q&As with all the Vox creators, a badge that levels up over time, and video extras bringing you closer to our work! Learn more at http://bit.ly/video-lab In this episode of History Club, Vox’s Phil Edwards asks Coleman Lowndes a question: Was this American legend really as great as he was cracked up to be? Davy Crockett’s become an American tall tale, but he was a real person and member of Congress. That’s where things get complicated. His incredible feats of bear-killing and frontier exploring intersected with a political career that was catalyzed by central banking. When Crockett was alive, Andrew Jackson was president, and Jackson was embroiled in a battle over the Second Bank of the United States. That battle eventually resulted in the creation of a new political party — the Whigs — and the Whigs decided Crockett could help advance their cause. In a strange way, it’s possible to trace the American icon and baby boomer fad back to this banking battle. And it says something about celebrity, politics, and how Americans imagine their history. If you want to read more about Davy Crockett, check out: The Autobiography of Davy Crockett by David Crockett: It’s folksy, occasionally true, and free. https://archive.org/details/autobiographyofd00croc David Crockett: The Man and the Legend by James Shackford: This meticulously researched biography is a precise look at the legend’s life. https://www.amazon.com/David-Crockett-James-Atkins-Shackford/dp/0803292309 Portraying an American Original: The Likenesses of Davy Crockett by Frederick Voss: I first encountered this essay in David Lofaro’s anthology of David Crockett history, but it’s a bit hard to find online. You can read this neat art history essay online. https://www.jstor.org/stable/30240051?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1036 - Why so many suburbs look the same

9 août 2019

So many suburbs have similar plans. Why? Help us make more ambitious videos by joining the Vox Video Lab. It brings you closer to our work and gets you exclusive perks, like livestream Q&As with all the Vox creators, a badge that levels up over time, and video extras bringing you closer to our work! Learn more at http://bit.ly/video-lab In this episode of Vox Almanac, Vox’s Phil Edwards investigates the system behind the shape of the suburbs. If you’ve visited a suburb, you’ve probably noticed a similar look: same curving streets; same cul de sacs. It’s not an accident. In fact, this appearance of the suburbs is part of the Federal Housing Administration’s plan. In the 1930s, the Federal Housing Administration, or FHA, was the financial engine behind most home development. To ensure their investments were safe ones, they strongly recommended that builders and developers comply with the ideals they set. Those regulations aligned closely with the values of the time, including segregation and a burgeoning car culture. These rules encouraged suburbs with winding streets and cul de sacs — aesthetically pleasing designs that led to sprawl and made a car a necessity. Even though the enforcement mechanisms have changed over time, we still live in a culture shaped by the FHA’s ideal suburban design. If you want to learn more, there are a couple of resources: Streets and the Shaping of Towns and Cities by Michael Southworth and Eran Ben-Joseph https://www.amazon.com/Streets-Shaping-Cities-Michael-Southworth/dp/1559639164 Eran Ben-Joseph spoke to me about his book, which provides a great overview of suburban planning. It also has more crucial detail about street widths, which influenced car culture. FHA Underwriting Manual https://www.huduser.gov/portal/sites/default/files/pdf/Federal-Housing-Administration-Underwriting-Manual.pdf If you’re curious to wade into some primary documents, this underwriting manual from 1938 is a good place to start. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1037 - We measured pop music’s falsetto obsession

13 août 2019

From Justin Timberlake to the Bee Gees, we charted the popularity of men singing high. Become a Video Lab member! http://bit.ly/video-lab It’s nearly impossible to turn on the radio and not hear a male artist singing really high. Likely he’s a tenor, and more often than not he’ll sing in falsetto. Think Justin Bieber, The Weeknd, Bruno Mars, Drake, Charlie Puth, Shawn Mendes, Adam Levine, Sam Smith ... the list goes on and on and on. This isn’t a trend — it has been the status quo for decades. Using the data diving know-how of The Pudding, and drawing on the expertise of Anthony Roth Costanzo, a professional opera singer, I dig into the world of the high male vocal range by tracking how pervasive it really is across the decades. The Pudding: https://pudding.cool/ IG: @the.pudding Twitter: @puddingviz The articles referenced in the video can be found here: The Evolution of the Male Falsetto: https://frieze.com/article/evolution-male-falsetto What does it mean when The Weeknd hits a high note: https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/what-does-it-mean-when-the-weeknd-hits-a-high-note/2016/12/01/4969c506-b65b-11e6-959c-172c82123976_story.html?noredirect=on Active Child, Prince, and the Science of the Male Falsetto: https://pitchfork.com/thepitch/794-active-child-prince-and-the-science-of-the-male-falsetto/ Why Are There So Many Tough Guys Who Sound Like Ladies On The Radio?: https://www.npr.org/2016/02/15/466404515/why-are-there-so-many-tough-guys-who-sound-like-ladies-on-the-radio Here's a Spotify list of 65+ songs that have some pretty fun falsetto moments: https://open.spotify.com/playlist/0nUxhLp94vGOARoCJKkV0k?si=sGtRcGPtQ_-Dktcc5H_Thg And here’s the same Pandora playlist: https://www.pandora.com/playlist/PL:1688849921711361:7344 And a list of all of the songs featured in this video by timestamp: 1:04 - Want to Want Me - Jason Derulo 1:09 - Sugar - Maroon 5 1:18 - Sorry - Justin Bieber 1:30 - Can’t Feel My Face - The Weeknd 1:32 - What Do You Mean - Justin Bieber 1:36 - The Hills - The Weeknd 1:42 - Hello - Adele 3:33 - Sleep, Baby, Sleep - George P Watson 3:47 - Ill Wind - Radiohead 5:37 - Redbone - Childish Gambino 6:10 - Rock of Ages - Def Leppard 7:10 - Get Lucky - Daft Punk 7:21 - Crocodile Rock - Elton John 8:23 - Killer Queen - Queen 8:55 - I Knew I loved You - Savage Garden 9:28 - Stayin’ Alive - Bee Gees 9:50 - Falsetto - The-Dream 10:17 - Cry Me A River - Justin Timberlake 11:52 - Sweet Child O’ Mine - Guns N’ Roses 11:55 - Two Hearts - Phil Collins 12:01 - Rocket 2 U - The Jets 12:19 - Smooth Criminal - Michael Jackson 12:28 - Nite and Day - Al B. Sure 12:33 - You Should Be Dancing - Bee Gees 14:33- Me And Those Dreaming Eyes of Mine - D’Angelo 14:44 - So In Love - Curtis Mayfield 15:38 - Sherry - Frankie Valli and the Four Seasons 15:48 - Natural - Bloodstone 16:00 - Starboy - The Weeknd Earworm is a series where Estelle Caswell takes you on a musical journey to discover the stories and sounds behind your favorite songs. More videos can be found here: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ8cMiYb3G5fyqfIwGjH2fYC5fFLfdwW4 Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1039 - Why Route 66 became America’s most famous road

16 août 2019

Route 66 is iconic. Why? Help us make more ambitious videos by joining the Vox Video Lab. It brings you closer to our work and gets you exclusive perks, like livestream Q&As with all the Vox creators, a badge that levels up over time, and video extras bringing you closer to our work! Learn more at http://bit.ly/video-lab Route 66 has gained a reputation as the United States of America’s most famous road. How did that happen, and why does it still matter? In this episode of Vox Almanac, Vox’s Phil Edwards explores the history of the road and the textures of its present, from the road itself to the roadside attractions along the way, to the people who enjoy its diversions and those who help maintain them. It reveals a road that’s changed a lot over the decades but remains vital in unexpected ways. When Cyrus Avery helped found Route 66 in the 1920s, he strived to create a road that would connect the Midwest to the West, and he resorted to promotional tricks and wheeling and dealing to get it done. The road quickly became a key route for migrants escaping the dust bowl and depression, forming its early reputation as “the Mother Road.” That’s because it’s a road that’s more than a strip of concrete (or gravel, or dirt). It’s a historical document of everyone who’s traveled on it — as the many contributions from Vox’s YouTube subscribers show, that keeps it going even as the interstates run alongside it. The number of Route 66 resources out there is huge, but we found these particularly helpful. Check out Ron's site! https://www.route66news.com/ The Curt Teich Archives https://www.newberry.org/curt-teich-p... You won't find essays here, but you will find a treasure trove of postcards that we used in this piece, including tons of Route 66 arcana. Route 66: The Highway and Its People https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/080... I got to speak with Quinta Scott about her gorgeous photographs of Route 66, as well as the interviews she recorded with coauthor Susan Kelly. This book is a pleasure to look at and is packed full of information and interviews that you just can’t get any more. The Route 66 Road Ahead Partnership http://route66roadahead.com/ If you’re curious about Route 66 preservation and revitalization, this group is one of the strongest interstate partnerships searching for new ways to promote and improve the road. Our video about the Green Book, a critical resource for black Americans wanting to travel across the country on Route 66 and beyond in the mid-1900s. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b33PN2NB2Do Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1042 - Why the US drinking age is 21

23 août 2019

Why is the US drinking age 21? And how did it happen? In this episode of Vox Almanac, Vox’s Phil Edwards explores the history of the somewhat unusual way the drinking age became 21. Help us make more ambitious videos by joining the Vox Video Lab. It brings you closer to our work and gets you exclusive perks, like livestream Q&As with all the Vox creators, a badge that levels up over time, and video extras bringing you closer to our work! Learn more at http://bit.ly/video-lab After prohibition — the total ban on alcohol — many states established a minimum legal drinking age of 21. But that began to change after the voting age was lowered to 18. Many states followed by lowering their drinking ages, which changed the landscape for the entire country. By the 1980s, this unusual patchwork of drinking ages started to be seen as a problem, especially by activist organizations like MADD (Mothers Against Drunk Drivers) and RID (Remove Intoxicated Drivers). They lobbied for a 21-year-old minimum legal drinking age, and President Ronald Reagan supported the cause. His mechanism for enabling a national law? Threatening to withhold Federal Highway funding to states that didn’t comply. It was an unpredictable strategy for an official typically hesitant to use federal power over the states, and the practice was eventually challenged in the Supreme Court, where it was upheld. Beyond the political clash, it’s a look at how roads shape policy. Further reading Watch President Reagan’s speech about his alcohol policy. The Reagan Library on YouTube has a huge repository of speeches, photo ops, and ephemera related to the Reagan Presidency. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nfe-hU6zGS8 Here are the full remarks with Michael Jackson: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MgFgTs5N8q8 And another view of that day’s events: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VHSf8sIMBM8 Here’s the Center for Disease Control’s review of the minimum legal drinking age’s (MLDA) effects (including the paper cited in this video): https://www.cdc.gov/alcohol/fact-sheets/minimum-legal-drinking-age.htm For a dissenting view, you can read this paper questioning the effectiveness of the MLDA: https://www.nber.org/papers/w13257.pdf This is the Supreme Court case that affirmed the MLDA law. https://www.oyez.org/cases/1986/86-260 Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1047 - Memory, Explained | FULL EPISODE | Vox + Netflix

12 septembre 2019

Episode one from our new miniseries THE MIND, EXPLAINED on Netflix. Watch now: http://www.netflix.com/mindexplained THE MIND, EXPLAINED takes a five-episode deep dive into how our brains handle memory, anxiety, psychedelics and dreams. Narrated by Emma Stone. After nearly a year of labor behind the scenes, we have an announcement for you: Explained is finally back! And during this year, we’ve turned our attention to a crucial question: Why can’t we remember what is in the fridge? Or more importantly, why can’t we remember most of the details of our own lives? Why do an estimated 1 in 3 people suffer from an anxiety disorder at some point? And why, when we go to bed at night, are we overcome with strange visions? Do our dreams actually mean anything, or serve any purpose? Our minds often feel like a black box. And the stakes of these questions go far beyond the fridge – to our fundamental sense of reality, and what it means to be human. How can we help ourselves, and each other, when our minds betray us? What can we do to take back some control? Scientists have figured out so much more than you might realize – and today, we’re diving deep, with 5 brand new episodes narrated by Emma Stone taking you on an adventure through the mind, available today. Our weekly episodes return, as well, on September 26th. They’ll be right here – http://www.netflix.com/explained where Season 1 also awaits any of you who haven’t seen it yet. Thanks so much to all of you who watch, support, and even teach the series. If you’re a teacher wondering if you can use the series: yes you can. Here’s Netflix’s policy: https://media.netflix.com/en/only-on-netflix/247606 And for more ideas of things we should cover in explained, send us a note at explained@vox.com. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Check out our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Or our podcasts: https://www.vox.com/podcasts Follow Vox on Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H Or on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o

Épisode 1048 - Why this creepy melody is in so many movies

16 septembre 2019

This deathly 13th-century song shows up everywhere. Become a Video Lab member! http://bit.ly/video-lab Correction: Mozart’s Requiem isn’t a symphony, it’s a requiem: a type of Catholic mass for the dead. It was initially written for mass but later popularized and performed outside the church, as was Verdi's. Think back to some of the most dramatic scenes in film history — from The Lion King, The Shining, It’s a Wonderful Life. Besides being sad or scary, they have something else in common: the dies irae. “Dies irae” translates from Latin to “Day of Wrath” — it’s a 13th-century Gregorian chant describing the day Catholics believe God will judge the living and the dead and send them to heaven or hell. And it was sung during one specific mass: funerals. As Catholicism permeated world culture, the melody of the chant was repurposed into classical music, where it was used to convey a deathly, eerie tone. From there it worked its way into films — and if you don’t already know it, you’ve almost certainly heard it before: It’s played over and over in our scariest and most dramatic cinematic moments. Here’s Alex Ludwig’s original supercut of movies featuring the dies irae: https://youtu.be/GLGa6vfDTIM There are so many references to the dies irae in classical music that we couldn’t include. One is Sergei Rachmaninoff’s 1908 “symphonic poem” Isle of the Dead (https://youtu.be/dbbtmskCRUY?t=1032). He was inspired by this painting from Swiss artist Arnold Böcklin that shows a coffin and white figure on their way to a small island (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isle_of_the_Dead_(painting)). Alex briefly touched on the differences between the ancient dorian mode and the modern minor mode. There’s a ton written online about them, but here’s a good place to start if you’re curious: https://www.musical-u.com/learn/get-familiar-with-the-dorian-mode/# Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1053 - Why this chair is on so many album covers

4 octobre 2019

A lot of celebrity butts sat in this chair. Become a Video Lab member! http://bit.ly/video-lab The golden age of album cover design doesn’t have a specific start and end date, but many regard the late 1960s to 1970s as one of the field's most exciting times. From the psychedelic rock covers of the '60s to glistening airbrush covers of the '70s, the era was a kaleidoscope of colors worthy of placement in modern art museums. But there’s one genre of cover so ubiquitous it almost flew under the radar. The covers typically featured a wide shot of the artist sitting on a throne-like wicker chair, like a king or queen. Usually, the artist looked casual and relaxed; sometimes props would sit around them to decorate the scene. No matter what, the oversized woven chair was the main feature. This was the peacock chair album cover, and it was everywhere: Dolly Parton, Al Green, and Cher all sat in it. This might seem like a weird blip of a trend over a few years in the 1970s, but a closer look reveals how deep the wicker chair portrait tradition goes. Spoiler alert: a full century. The video above tracks the origin of the peacock wicker chair portrait and tells the unlikely story of where this giant chair came from. A detailed account of the history of wicker furniture and its place in pop culture was documented by Emily A. Morris in her paper The Development and Effects of the Twentieth-Century Wicker Revival: https://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/18611/The%20Development%20and%20Effects%20of%20the%20Twentieth-Century%20Wicker%20Revival.pdf Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1056 - Why Do We Cry? - Glad You Asked S1

8 octobre 2019

Glad You Asked host Joss Fong has been fascinated by crying her entire life. She’s even kept a spreadsheet of every time she cries to figure out what patterns lie in the triggers. This episode explores how crying evolved in humans and what it tells us about ourselves. Here are some of the videos Joss had the other hosts watch: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uaWA2GbcnJU https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mEcqoqvlxPY https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c_4ZgY5VOa4&t=60s https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h2caT4q4Nbs https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tuunqfdz388 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3hEMRkY4pDs + https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wVubXLv3siA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6jehrbUGdlE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5OSJHQFHbGA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=La3b_1F8h_4 Key Sources: Thai ad “Unsung Hero”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uaWA2GbcnJU Why Only Humans Weep by Ad Vingerhoets https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00B9WPN00/ref=dp-kindle-redirect?_encoding=UTF8&btkr=1 Crying: A Natural and Cultural History of Tears byTom Lutz https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0393321037/ref=ppx_yo_dt_b_asin_title_o08_s00 “Culture and Crying: Prevalences and Gender Differences” https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1069397111404519 “Social and psychological consequences of not crying: possible associations with psychopathology and therapeutic relevance.” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28831948 “Moment-to-moment changes in feeling moved match changes in closeness, tears, goosebumps, and warmth: time series analyses” .https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28024440 “Empathy: Gender effects in brain and behavior” https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0149763414002164 “Male and Female Differences in Nonconscious Mimicry: A Systematic Review” https://jeps.efpsa.org/articles/10.5334/jeps.de/ 0:00 Intro 1:22 Why Do We Cry? 4:37 The Evolution Of Tears 6:57 Cathartic Crying 10:13 Tears Of Empathy 12:00 Moved To Tears 16:47 International Stats

Épisode 1061 - How American CEOs got so rich

11 octobre 2019

For a long time, it was off-limits for a corporation to buy back its own stock. Not anymore. Become a Video Lab member! http://bit.ly/video-lab American companies today spend billions on stock buybacks. So what does that mean for the US economy? And how did it help make American CEOs so unbelievably rich? To learn more about stock buybacks, General Motors, and the Lordstown GM plant, check out the following sources: William Lazonick, Harvard Business Review: Profits Without Prosperity (https://hbr.org/2014/09/profits-without-prosperity) Irina Lendel, Melissa Piazza, Matthew Ellerbrock, Cleveland State University: Lordstown GM Plant Closure Economic Impact Study (https://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2594&context=urban_facpub) Emily Stewart, Vox: Walmart is paying $20 billion to shareholders. With that money, it could boost hourly wages to over $15. (https://www.vox.com/business-and-finance/2018/5/25/17379730/walmart-stock-buyback-worker-wages) Jane G. Gravelle and Donald J. Marples, Congressional Research Service: The Economic Effects of the 2017 Tax Revision: Preliminary Observations (https://www.everycrsreport.com/files/20190522_R45736_8a1214e903ee2b719e00731791d60f26d75d35f4.pdf) Stephen Mihm, Bloomberg: How Stock Buybacks Ambled Into Stardom (https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2019-07-24/stock-buyback-history-is-a-mess) Lawrence Mishel and Julia Wolfe, Economic Policy Institute: CEO compensation has grown 940% since 1978 (https://www.epi.org/files/pdf/171191.pdf)(Economic Policy Institute) Irina Ivanova, CBS: GM bought back $10 billion in stock since 2015, double what job cuts will save (https://www.cbsnews.com/news/gm-bought-back-10-billion-in-stock-since-2015-double-what-job-cuts-will-save/) Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1062 - How the US stole thousands of Native American children

14 octobre 2019

The long and brutal history of the US trying to “kill the Indian and save the man”. Help our reporting on hidden histories. Submit a story idea here: http://bit.ly/2RhjxMy Toward the end of the 19th century, the US took thousands of Native American children and enrolled them in off-reservation boarding schools, stripping them of their cultures and languages. Yet decades later as the US phased out the schools, following years of indigenous activism, it found a new way to assimilate Native American children: promoting their adoption into white families. Watch the episode to find out how these two distinct eras in US history have had lasting impacts on Native American families. In the Vox series Missing Chapter, Vox Senior Producer Ranjani Chakraborty revisits underreported and often overlooked moments from the past to give context to the present. Join her as she covers the histories that are often left out of our textbooks. Our first season tackles stories of racial injustice, political conflicts, even the hidden history of US medical experimentation. Have an idea for a story that Ranjani should investigate for Missing Chapter? Send it to her via this form! http://bit.ly/2RhjxMy Sign up for the Missing Chapter newsletter to stay up to date with the series: https://vox.com/missing-chapter Explore the full Missing Chapter playlist, including episodes, a creator Q&A, and more! https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ8cMiYb3G5fR2kt0L4Nihvel4pEDw9od And to learn more, check out some of our sources below: The National Native American Boarding School Healing Coalition https://boardingschoolhealing.org/ and their primer on American Indian and Alaska Native Boarding Schools in the US: https://engagement.umn.edu/sites/engagement.umn.edu/files/NABS%20Healing%20Voices_Vol%201_FINAL_Spreads%20for%20web.pdf A Generation Removed by Margaret D. Jacobs: https://www.nebraskapress.unl.edu/university-of-nebraska-press/9780803255364/ The National Indian Child Welfare Association’s background on the Indian Child Welfare Act: https://www.nicwa.org/about-icwa/ Maps: 1776 - 1880 here: https://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/detail/RUMSEY~8~1~238678~5511614:Indian-Land-Cessions- 1930 here: https://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/detail/RUMSEY~8~1~248302~5516048 First Nations Repatriation Institute: http://wearecominghome.com An in-depth documentary about Native American child separation: https://upstanderproject.org/dawnland Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1064 - Is the gray wolf actually endangered?

21 octobre 2019

When are we done protecting the gray wolf? Become a Video Lab member! http://bit.ly/video-lab When European settlers first came to America they were set on “civilizing” the land. This meant a lot of rash, sweeping changes — one of which was to eradicate a familiar target: the gray wolf. Bounties were placed on the animal across the US. By the 1930s, the once plentiful wolf population was decimated. Decades later, restorations efforts have led to an extensive recovery of the animal. The Fish and Wildlife Service thinks we’ve done enough, but conservationists say our work is far from done. Check out the video above to learn more. You can read the Vox article on this topic here: https://www.vox.com/2019/7/13/20690727/endangered-species-list-2019-gray-wolves You can find the Fish and Wildlife Service’s proposal to delist the gray wolf here: https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2019/03/15/2019-04420/endangered-and-threatened-wildlife-and-plants-removing-the-gray-wolf-canis-lupus And the response letter from scientists and scholars can be found here: https://www.biologicaldiversity.org/campaigns/gray_wolves/pdfs/Open-letter-to-FWS-regarding-proposed-wolf-delisting-May-2019.pdf Studies on what removing protections can mean: https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/conl.12081 https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10871200802647108 For more information on wolves we didn’t have time to get to in the video, check out the links below: More on the reintroduction of Wolves into Yellowstone: https://www.yellowstonepark.com/park/yellowstone-wolves-reintroduction How wolves change the ecosystem: https://www.yellowstonepark.com/things-to-do/wolf-reintroduction-changes-ecosystem Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1066 - How Florida legally terrorized gay students

4 novembre 2019

The hidden history of a Florida witch hunt. Help our reporting on hidden histories. Submit a story idea here: http://bit.ly/2RhjxMy Starting in the 1950s, a Florida state committee spent years stalking, intimidating, and outing hundreds of LGBTQ people. And they got away with it. Amid a national witch hunt for communists and an ascendant civil rights movement, a group of Florida politicians with a mission to preserve racial segregation in the state created a powerful group called the Florida Legislative Investigation Committee. Commonly called the "Johns Committee" for the influential state senator Charley Johns who spearheaded it, the Committee went after civil rights activists by arguing they were backed by communists. But when those investigations failed, they turned to a new group to target: LGBTQ people. Today, over 50 years later, some Florida legislators are calling for the state to finally come to terms with this part of its history. Note: The headline on this piece has been updated. Previous headline: When Florida had a committee to terrorize gay people In the Vox series Missing Chapter, Vox Senior Producer Ranjani Chakraborty revisits underreported and often overlooked moments from the past to give context to the present. Join her as she covers the histories that are often left out of our textbooks. Our first season tackles stories of racial injustice, political conflicts, even the hidden history of US medical experimentation. Have an idea for a story that Ranjani should investigate for Missing Chapter? Send it to her via this form! http://bit.ly/2RhjxMy Sign up for the Missing Chapter newsletter to stay up to date with the series: https://vox.com/missing-chapter Explore the full Missing Chapter playlist, including episodes, a creator Q&A, and more! https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ8cMiYb3G5fR2kt0L4Nihvel4pEDw9od To learn more, check out some of our sources below: Our DocumentCloud folder with the Florida state archives we used in the piece: https://www.documentcloud.org/search/projectid:46504-Florida-Legislative-Investigation-Committee Judith Poucher’s book on the history of the Johns Committee, “State of Defiance: Challenging the Johns Committee's Assault on Civil Liberties” - http://upf.com/book.asp?id=POUCH003 Stacy Braukman’s book on the history of the Johns Committee, “Communists and Perverts under the Palms” - http://upf.com/book.asp?id=BRAUK001 Karen L. Graves’ book on the Johns Committee’s purges of K-12 teachers, “And They Were Wonderful Teachers” - https://www.press.uillinois.edu/books/catalog/56bwz3ba9780252034381.html Watch the documentary, “The Committee,” on the history of the Johns Committee: https://www.pbs.org/show/committee/ Check out the documentary “Behind Closed Doors,” on the history of the committee: http://www.behindcloseddoorsfilm.com/index2.htm Read about the push for a state apology by Florida State Rep. Evan Jenne and State Sen. Lauren Book: https://www.tallahassee.com/story/news/2019/03/22/florida-lawmakers-push-apology-lives-ruined-johns-committee/3244097002/ Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1068 - China's fight with the NBA, explained

11 novembre 2019

It all started with a single tweet. To learn more, listen to this episode of Today Explained, a daily podcast from Vox: https://art19.com/shows/today-explained/episodes/19d61e8b-55f6-4f57-a1be-49f8f5bb7828 In October 2019, Houston Rockets general manager Daryl Morey posted a tweet supporting pro-democracy protests in Hong Kong. In reaction, the Chinese government censored NBA broadcasts in China, and Chinese companies suspended business deals with the world's premiere basketball league. As the controversy spun out of control, NBA commissioner Adam Silver, Houston Rockets star James Harden, and NBA All-Star LeBron James were all asked for their opinion on the growing crisis. In this video, we dive deep into the relevant history that led to this critical moment. For decades, the NBA has been pushing a business strategy to attract fans in China, where basketball is more popular than in the United States. At the same time, the government of the United States has been pursuing a trade policy with China intended to generate profit for American businesses while simultaneously exposing Chinese consumers and businesses to ideas of democracy and free speech through the transactional dynamics of globalization. Originally, the hope of US leaders like President Bill Clinton was that this trade would lead to the democratization of China. What China's fight with the NBA shows is that the opposite seems to be occurring. Read more on Vox.com: https://www.vox.com/2019/10/7/20902700/daryl-morey-tweet-china-nba-hong-kong https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2019/10/15/20915339/lebron-james-hong-kong-quotes-daryl-morey https://www.vox.com/the-goods/2019/10/11/20910039/american-brands-hong-kong-china-conflict Sources: Foreign investment data https://www.economist.com/china/2018/05/24/a-threatened-trade-war-between-china-and-america-may-be-on-hold Chinese disposable income https://www.unicef.cn/en/figure-23-capita-disposable-income-urban-rural-19902017 Chinese basketball history https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2012/02/from-mao-zedong-to-jeremy-lin-why-basketball-is-chinas-biggest-sport/253427/ 2002-2003 NBA viewership data https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2016/04/05/hall-of-famer-yao-ming-redefined-chinaman-for-the-nba-and-brought-the-game-to-hundreds-of-millions/ https://www.nytimes.com/2005/06/21/sports/basketball/what-if-they-held-an-nba-finals-and-no-one-bothered-to.html Tencent data https://news.cgtn.com/news/2019-07-29/Tencent-NBA-extend-partnership-for-five-more-years-in-1-5-bln-deal-IJ0UB34uxq/index.html Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1069 - The first movie with CGI

12 novembre 2019

The first CGI in movies was inspired by some of the first photos of Mars. This is how it worked. Almanac Hollywouldn't is our miniseries on big changes to movies that came from outside Hollywood. Watch all of the episodes right here on YouTube. Episode 2: https://youtu.be/stznrpS3_Gc Episode 3: https://youtu.be/80CKTOjjZFQ Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO In this episode of Vox Almanac, producer Phil Edwards explores the history behind the groundbreaking CGI (Computer Generated Imagery) in 1973’s Westworld. The film drew inspiration from a surprising source: the photographs taken by the Mars Mariner flyby of the red planet in the mid-1960s. Designer and artist John Whitney saw the Mariner photos and though their distinctive appearance was a good template — as well as technical model — for the computer vision of a robot character in Westworld. In replicating the NASA achievement, he notched his own historic first for CGI in film. It's a landmark moment for visual effects, computer graphics, and the movies. Further Reading: If you want to learn about how mechanical computers created a form of CGI even earlier that Westworld, check out this article about the earliest experiments. Digital Harmony explores the trippy work of John Whitney (which also shaped early CGI efforts). Expanded Cinema by Gene Youngblood is another extensive catalog of early efforts to integrate art and machine. The most extensive article about Westworld’s CGI appears in American Cinematographer, Volume 54, Number 11, from November 1973. You can find it on some magazine archival sites and American Cinematographer. Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1073 - Everything is designed for this man, even drugs

18 novembre 2019

Why designing medicine around the "average man" is so dangerous. Most things in society are built for, and designed around, a specific “reference man." This “standard human” is usually a white male in his 30s who weighs around 155 pounds. When we design everything from cars, to air-conditioned offices, to city streets, reference man is the default user. And when it comes to healthcare, that can mean deadly effects for women. Note: The headline on this piece has been updated. Previous headline: Everything is designed for men, even drugs Watch the video above to find out how dosages are determined with “reference man” in mind. After dozens of women got into car accidents under the influence of sleeping pills they'd taken the night before, the FDA had to tell women to cut their dose in half; it turned out, women metabolize Ambien's active ingredient twice as slowly as men. What was supposed to be a “gender-neutral” dose was anything but. We also speak with Diana Zuckerman, president of the National Center for Health Research, who explains why we need more inclusivity in clinical trials — for women, for people over 65, and for people of color. For more reading, check out the article this piece is based on, by Vox reporter Sigal Samuel, : https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2019/4/17/18308466/invisible-women-pain-gender-data-gap-caroline-criado-perez And some of the studies we cite here: https://www.gao.gov/assets/680/673276.pdf https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4913027/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14607350 https://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/DAWN079/DAWN079/sr079-Zolpidem.htm https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8071269 Become a Video Lab member! http://bit.ly/video-lab Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1074 - Why movies went from 15 minutes to 2 hours

19 novembre 2019

Movies used to be really short. How did it change? Almanac Hollywouldn't is our miniseries on big changes to movies that came from outside Hollywood. Watch all of the episodes right here on YouTube. Episode 1: https://youtu.be/NMkZpuiEqh8 Episode 3: https://youtu.be/80CKTOjjZFQ Why are movies about two hours long? In this episode of Vox Almanac, Vox’s Phil Edwards researches the history of movies — and discovers the Italian silent film classic that changed movies forever. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO In the 1900s, movies were typically around 15 minutes long — that was the length of one reel (depending on playback speed and a few other variables). But in 1913, that changed significantly thanks to the blockbuster “Quo Vadis” — a two-hour epic that wasn’t just long, but had blockbuster ambitions. Quo Vadis involved huge stunts, thousands of extras, and real Roman locations, taking movies to a scale little before seen. When it premiered, instead of playing as one of many short films in nickelodeons, it debuted in big concert halls and other prestigious venues. That led to a record box office and an industry-changing trend that started with director DW Griffith and spread elsewhere. If you want to read more, I relied on the following books: A History of Narrative Film by David A. Cook https://wwnorton.com/books/A-History-of-Narrative-Film This book provides a good overview of film history. Film Before Griffith by John Fell https://books.google.com/books/about/Film_Before_Griffith.html?id=D-2THyVl7ysC This book chronicles all the films that influenced movies before DW Griffith came on the stage. The Silent Cinema by Liam O’Leary https://books.google.com/books/about/The_silent_cinema.html?id=pqFZAAAAMAAJ Another good overview to look at the international silent film scene. The Griffith Project https://www.amazon.com/Griffith-Project-12-Essays-D-W/dp/1844572684 Many silent films are lost, so anthologies like these, which describe each film and include data on length, are useful. Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1075 - The destruction of the Amazon, explained

21 novembre 2019

The 2019 fires were just the tip of the iceberg. This is Part 1 of Vox Atlas: The Amazon, a three-part series about the world's largest rainforest, why it's in jeopardy, and the people trying to save it. Watch all three parts right here on YouTube. Part 1: https://youtu.be/SAZAKPUQMw0 Part 2: https://youtu.be/e1_4JseKlO4 Part 3: https://youtu.be/oGjRNbXeRXI Become a Video Lab member! http://bit.ly/video-lab The Amazon rainforest has been reduced by about 17% since the 1970s. Cattle ranchers, loggers, and farmers are mostly to blame for the deforestation, but the demand driving them comes from all around the world. Brazil's economy depends on agriculture, especially beef and soy, which is grown on cleared land in the Amazon. Today, president Jair Bolsonaro, is weakening the environmental protections there in order to give agriculture more power. This came to a head when, in summer 2019, more than 30,000 wildfires burned in the Amazon, sparking worldwide outrage. Here are some sources I found particularly helpful while reporting for this story: Nepstad, et al. 2014 https://science.sciencemag.org/content/344/6188/1118 Umair Irfan, Vox: https://www.vox.com/science-and-health/2019/11/18/20970604/amazon-rainforest-2019-brazil-burning-deforestation-bolsonaro The Intercept: https://theintercept.com/2019/07/06/brazil-amazon-rainforest-indigenous-conservation-agribusiness-ranching/ Vox Atlas demonstrates where conflicts occur on a map and the ways in which foreign policy shapes a region. Watch all the episodes here: http://bit.ly/2SThVsf Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1076 - The war for the Amazon's most valuable trees

22 novembre 2019

How one murder changed the fate of the Amazon. This is Part 2 of Vox Atlas: The Amazon, a three-part series about the world's largest rainforest, why it's in jeopardy, and the people trying to save it. Watch all three parts right here on YouTube. Part 1: https://youtu.be/SAZAKPUQMw0 Part 2: https://youtu.be/e1_4JseKlO4 Part 3: https://youtu.be/oGjRNbXeRXI The Amazon rainforest has faced encroachment and deforestation for a long time. But it wasn’t until Brazil’s military dictatorship came to power in the 1970s that deforestation spiked, becoming a big business in the Amazon. When that expansion reached the state of Acre, it met resistance. Chico Mendes, a rubber tapper from the region, took the fight to protect the Amazon from the depths of the rainforest to the global stage. In the process, he gave his life. But the fight he started lives on. To understand the history of the Amazon and how Chico Mendes changed the course of that history, watch the video above, our second episode of Atlas’ Amazon miniseries. You can watch Miranda Productions' feature-length documentary about Chico Mendes here: http://www.mirandaproductions.com/voice Here's a link to the Amazon Conservation Team's website: https://www.amazonteam.org If you're interested in learning more about the Chico Mendes Extractive Reserve, you can visit this website: https://uc.socioambiental.org/arp/626 Here's a link with more information on the Rubber Tapper movement: https://books.google.com/books?id=Uj68AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA101#v=onepage&q&f=false And here's another with information on the Amazon's Rubber Boom: http://etd.fcla.edu/UF/UFE0000320/FINALMASTER.pdf Note: The headline on this piece has been updated. Previous headline: How a murder changed the fate of the Amazon Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1078 - How stop motion animation began

26 novembre 2019

An unusual insect story was the start of an animation revolution. Almanac Hollywouldn't is our miniseries on big changes to movies that came from outside Hollywood. Watch all of the episodes right here on YouTube. Episode 1: https://youtu.be/NMkZpuiEqh8 Episode 2: https://youtu.be/stznrpS3_Gc Correction: A previous version of this video labeled King Kong and The Mascot as having come out in 1958. Both dates are 1933. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO In this episode of Vox Almanac, Vox’s Phil Edwards explores the delightfully strange beginning of stop motion animation. In a stop motion movie, an animator arranges an object, takes a picture, slightly adjusts the positioning, and then does it all over again. When the pictures are played in succession, it looks like motion. Though people have been experimenting with stop motion since the beginning of film, the new art really took off when an insect collector named Wladyslaw Starewicz (later Ladislas Starevich, among other spellings) wanted to see his beetles move. His 1912 film, The Cameraman’s Revenge, was the most significant of those early experiments. By that time, he’d been discovered as a precocious museum director in a Lithuanian Natural History Museum, and that enabled him to make movies. The Cameraman’s Revenge was his boldest experiment yet, depicting a tryst between star-crossed (bug) lovers. As the above video shows, he employed technical innovations to do so, including strings that controlled his unusual puppets. He also occasionally replaced legs and augmented their bodies with wheels to enhance his stop motion process. The results are strange, hilarious, and changed the medium. Starewicz went on to animate many other classics in the genre, influencing filmmakers like Terry Gilliam and Wes Anderson. And that legacy all started with the improbable story of cheating bugs and the museum director who loved them. Further reading: For a good overview, check out Puppet Animation in the Cinema by L. Bruce Holman. It’s a great tool to delve into the long history of puppet animation. https://archive.org/details/PuppetAnimationInTheCinemaHistoryAndTechniqueByLBruceHolmanStarbrite American Cinematographer has a nice 1930 interview with Starewicz about his work. https://archive.org/details/americancinematographer10-1930-02/page/n27?q=starevitch The Magic Mirror by Denise Youngblood is a history of Soviet Film from 1908-1918 (including Starewicz and even some of the propaganda films most historians believe he was drafted into making). https://archive.org/details/magicmirrormovie00youn Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1083 - The trick that made animation realistic

3 décembre 2019

Rotoscoping changed animation forever. This is how. Almanac Hollywouldn't is our miniseries on big changes to movies that came from outside Hollywood. Watch all of the episodes right here on YouTube. Episode 1: https://youtu.be/NMkZpuiEqh8 Episode 2: https://youtu.be/stznrpS3_Gc Episode 3: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=80CKTOjjZFQ Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO One breakthrough made animation look natural. And it involved a clown dancing on a roof. In this episode of Vox Almanac, Vox’s Phil Edwards explores the beginning of rotoscoping, a technique animators can use to create realistic motion. Invented by Max Fleischer of Fleischer Studios (and echoed and practiced by many others), it involves taking filmed footage and using it as a traceable model for animation. The results are fluid and natural in a way animation had never been before. As the above video shows, it started with Max’s brother Dave dancing on a roof in a clown costume. Footage of that was then used to model the classic Koko the Clown cartoons, which formed the basis for many Fleischer Studios films. Today, animators still use techniques like rotoscoping to turn real movement into animation. Check out the original patent! https://patents.google.com/patent/US1242674A/en If you want to learn more about early animation, check out Fleischer Studios on the web and YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtCAhYwGZxcAPDpu5Q7ueKQ You can also read Man and Superman: The Fleischer Studio Negotiates the Real in Quarterly Review of Film and Video by J.P. Telotte, which describes the techniques used for the animated Superman series. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10509200802433020 The Fleischer Story by Leslie Cabarga is invaluable for any early animation fan and has lots of trivia you won’t find anywhere else. https://www.amazon.com/Fleischer-Story-Leslie-Cabarga/dp/0306803135 Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1087 - Hollywood almost lost to this city

9 décembre 2019

One Florida city could have been the world's movie capital. Why did it reject the movies? Almanac Hollywouldn't is our miniseries on big changes to movies that came from outside Hollywood. Watch all of the episodes right here on YouTube. Episode 1: https://youtu.be/NMkZpuiEqh8 Episode 2: https://youtu.be/stznrpS3_Gc Episode 3: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=80CKTOjjZFQ Episode 4: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IS1hCSsmH1E Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO In this episode of Vox Almanac, Vox’s Phil Edwards goes to Florida to answer a question: why did one city reject the movie industry? In the early 1900s, the New York-centric film scene was in search of a warm-weather capital. Two contenders emerged: Los Angeles, California, and Jacksonville, Florida. And for a while, it was unclear which city would win the movie business. Jacksonville boasted a large industry, proximity to New York, and great weather. Some early comedy classics were even made there. But ultimately, the city wasn’t ready to become a movie town. The compromises of life with the movie industry — like actors and actresses running loose around town — proved too much for the Jacksonville establishment. The people of the city effectively voted against the movies when they voted against the industry’s biggest political booster. This footnote in history isn’t just trivia though — it shows how our culture could have had an alternate set of stories. That’s particularly obvious when it comes to Norman Studios, a film studio that endured in Jacksonville by casting black actors while much of the Hollywood establishment still relied on stereotypical roles or blackface. But we’ll never know what might have gone differently — Hollywood became “Hollywood,” and Jacksonville became a story in the archives. Further reading: Blair Miller’s book, Almost Hollywood, is a comprehensive look at the movie production scene in Jacksonville. It relies heavily on newspaper reports from the time (which is invaluable because it’s difficult to find digitized versions online). https://www.amazon.com/Almost-Hollywood-Forgotten-Jacksonville-Florida/dp/0761859942 The First Hollywood by Shawn C. Bean provides a longer and more accessible history of movies in Florida, including outposts in Miami as well as the Jacksonville story. http://upf.com/book.asp?id=9780813032436 If you want to learn more about Norman Studios, you can visit their website here. http://normanstudios.org/ Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1088 - What facial recognition steals from us

10 décembre 2019

There's a massive bait-and-switch at the center of facial recognition technology. Join the Open Sourced Reporting Network: http://www.vox.com/opensourcednetwork Human faces evolved to be highly distinctive; it’s helpful to be able to recognize individual members of one’s social group and quickly identify strangers, and that hasn’t changed for hundreds of thousands of years. Then in just the past five years, the meaning of the human face has quietly but seismically shifted. That’s because researchers at Facebook, Google, and other institutions have nearly perfected techniques for automated facial recognition. The result of that research is that your face isn’t just a unique part of your body anymore, it’s biometric data that can be copied an infinite number of times and stored forever. In this video, we explain how facial recognition technology works, where it came from, and what’s at stake. Open Sourced is a year-long reporting project from Recode by Vox that goes deep into the closed ecosystems of data, privacy, algorithms, and artificial intelligence. Learn more at http://www.vox.com/opensourced This project is made possible by the Omidyar Network. All Open Sourced content is editorially independent and produced by our journalists. Watch all episodes of Open Sourced right here on YouTube: http://bit.ly/2tIHftD Become a part of the Open Sourced Reporting Network and help our reporting. Join here: http://www.vox.com/opensourcednetwork Sources: "Obscurity and Privacy" https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2439866 "Modern Face Recognition with Deep Learning" https://medium.com/@ageitgey/machine-learning-is-fun-part-4-modern-face-recognition-with-deep-learning-c3cffc121d78 "Face Recognition and Privacy in the Age of Augmented Reality" https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3305312 Megapixels https://megapixels.cc/about/ "FBI, ICE find state driver’s license photos are a gold mine for facial-recognition searches" https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2019/07/07/fbi-ice-find-state-drivers-license-photos-are-gold-mine-facial-recognition-searches/ "Are Stores You Shop at Secretly Using Face Recognition on You?" https://www.aclu.org/blog/privacy-technology/surveillance-technologies/are-stores-you-shop-secretly-using-face "Due to weak oversight, we don’t really know how tech companies are using facial recognition data" https://www.fastcompany.com/90372734/due-to-weak-oversight-we-dont-really-know-how-tech-companies-are-using-facial-recognition-data "Facial Recognition Service Becomes a Weapon Against Russian Porn Actresses" https://advox.globalvoices.org/2016/04/22/facial-recognition-service-becomes-a-weapon-against-russian-porn-actresses/ "Creeped out by Facebook’s algorithms? Just wait until you see this new facial recognition tool released by anonymous Russian programmers." https://meduza.io/en/feature/2019/02/13/creeped-out-by-facebook-s-algorithms-just-wait-until-you-see-this-new-facial-recognition-tool-released-by-anonymous-russian-programmers "How it works and why they created SearchFace - a service for searching VKontakte users by photo" https://tjournal.ru/tech/87841-kak-rabotaet-i-zachem-sozdali-searchface-servis-po-poisku-polzovateley-vkontakte-po-fotografii Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1096 - The white lie we've been told about Roman statues

23 décembre 2019

The ancient world was actually really colorful. Become a Video Lab member! http://bit.ly/video-lab When you think of the ancient world, you probably picture towering buildings of white marble, adorned with statues also made of white marble. You’re not alone — most people picture the same thing. But we’re all wrong. Ancient buildings and sculptures were actually really colorful. The Greeks and Romans painted their statues to resemble real bodies, and often gilded them so they shone like gods. So why is seemingly every museum on planet earth full of white marble sculptures? It’s partly an honest mistake. After the fall of Rome, ancient sculptures were buried or left out in the open air for hundreds of years. By the time the Renaissance began in the 1300s, their paint had faded away. As a result, the artists unearthing, and copying ancient art didn’t realize how colorful it was supposed to be. But white marble couldn’t have become the norm without some willful ignorance. Even though there was a bunch of evidence that ancient sculpture was painted, artists, art historians and the general public chose to disregard it. Western culture seemed to collectively accept that white marble was simply prettier. Today, art history is more concerned with accuracy than it is with what might look better. So teams of researchers use a combination of art and science to painstakingly create reconstructions of ancient statues, showing us the true colors of classical antiquity. Most of the reconstruction work shown in this video was done by the Polychromy Research Project, led by conservationists Vinzenz Brinkmann and Ulrike Koch-Brinkmann. To see more of their work you can buy their book, “Gods in Color: Polychromy in the Ancient World” https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/570229/gods-in-color-by-vinzenz-brinkmann/9783791357072 Also check out: “The Myth of Whiteness in Classical Sculpture” by Margaret Talbot https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2018/10/29/the-myth-of-whiteness-in-classical-sculpture And the Metropolitan Museum of Art’s Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/prms/hd_prms.htm Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1100 - Google and Amazon are now in the oil business

3 janvier 2020

Google, Microsoft, and Amazon are teaming up with Big Oil to squeeze more oil and gas out of the ground using machine learning technology. Join the Open Sourced Reporting Network: http://www.vox.com/opensourcednetwork Google, Microsoft, and Amazon have been very vocal about their efforts to reduce the world's dependence on fossil fuels. But as The Wall Street Journal and Gizmodo have reported, these same companies are currently teaming up with fossil fuel industry to help them squeeze as much oil and gas out of the ground as possible. Oil has always been hard to find and hard to extract, and so the industry has teetered precariously on the edge of profitability several times over the course of its history. Over and over again, experts have predicted that we'll soon run out of accessible, affordable oil – but so far, they've been wrong. Just when things look bleakest for black gold, new technology swoops in to keep the industry afloat. Open Sourced is a year-long reporting project from Recode by Vox that goes deep into the closed ecosystems of data, privacy, algorithms, and artificial intelligence. Learn more at http://www.vox.com/opensourced This project is made possible by the Omidyar Network. All Open Sourced content is editorially independent and produced by our journalists. Watch all episodes of Open Sourced right here on YouTube: http://bit.ly/2tIHftD Become a part of the Open Sourced Reporting Network and help our reporting. Join here: http://www.vox.com/opensourcednetwork Sources: Brian Merchant (Gizmodo) https://gizmodo.com/how-google-microsoft-and-big-tech-are-automating-the-1832790799 Christopher M. Matthews (Wall Street Journal) https://www.wsj.com/articles/silicon-valley-courts-a-wary-oil-patch-1532424600 Matt Novak (Gizmodo) https://paleofuture.gizmodo.com/article-from-1975-the-world-will-be-out-of-oil-by-2015-1732903871 Kasia Tokarska Daniel Civitarese Ghassan AlRegib - https://ghassanalregib.info/ Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1102 - Is it Wrong to Fly? - Glad You Asked S1

8 janvier 2020

Air travel is a quintessential product of the fossil fuel era: It’s both highly convenient and difficult to replace with alternatives. Now as the impacts of climate change are becoming more urgent, a growing “flight shame” movement is prompting consumers to question their air travel. Glad You Asked host Joss Fong explores the ethical implications of flying in a world on the brink of crisis. Key Sources: Myclimate flight emission calculator https://www.myclimate.org/fileadmin/user_upload/myclimate_-_home/01_Information/01_About_myclimate/09_Calculation_principles/Documents/myclimate-flight-calculator-documentation_EN.pdf Observed Arctic sea-ice loss directly follows anthropogenic CO2 emission https://science.sciencemag.org/content/354/6313/747 Greenhouse Gas Emissions from a Typical Passenger Vehicle https://www.epa.gov/greenvehicles/greenhouse-gas-emissions-typical-passenger-vehicle Carbon Footprint Calculations for Average Americans https://externalassets.cooleffect.org/lib/content/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/05172819/CarbonFootprint_AverageAmerican.pdf Share of airplane trips by American adults https://theicct.org/blog/staff/should-you-be-ashamed-flying-probably-not Technological, economic and environmental prospects of all-electric aircraft https://www.nature.com/articles/s41560-018-0294-x Maps of Greenland Ice Sheet http://nsidc.org/greenland-today/ This is how global warming is reshaping Greenland https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/05/greenland-struggles-with-global-warming Contrail cirrus radiative forcing for future air traffic https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/19/8163/2019/ Hydrocarbon combustion https://energyeducation.ca/encyclopedia/Hydrocarbon_combustion The year in aviation: Billions of passengers, two high-profile accidents https://www.usatoday.com/story/travel/columnist/cox/2018/12/26/aviation-review-record-number-passengers-flights/2375060002/ Boeing CEO: Over 80% of the world has never taken a flight. https://www.cnbc.com/2017/12/07/boeing-ceo-80-percent-of-people-never-flown-for-us-that-means-growth.html As Billions More Fly, Here’s How Aviation Could Evolve https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/urban-expeditions/transportation/air-travel-fuel-emissions-environment/ According to the annual Airlines for America report, 48 percent of travelers in the United States flew on an airline in 2017. https://www.travelpulse.com/news/airlines/here-s-how-many-american-travelers-flew-in-2017.html Climate change in the US will hurt poor people the most, according to a bombshell federal report https://www.cnbc.com/2018/11/26/climate-change-will-hurt-poor-people-the-most-federal-report.html Flygskam https://www.independent.co.uk/travel/news-and-advice/flygskam-anti-flying-flight-shaming-sweden-greta-thornberg-environment-air-travel-train-brag-a8945196.html Pipistrel Alpha Electro https://www.pipistrel-usa.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Pipistrel-Alpha-ELECTRO-Information-Pack.pdf Air Transport Action Group https://www.atag.org/facts-figures.html 0:00 Intro 1:12 Flying High 2:30 Our Carbon Footprint 9:45 Flight Shaming 12:10 Electric Airplanes 16:42 Batteries Vs Fuel

Épisode 1103 - Is Beauty Culture Hurting Us? - Glad You Asked S1

8 janvier 2020

The internet has transformed beauty culture from an exclusive domain of models and magazines to the broad, accessible world of social media. In recent years, research shows that more and more women are saying that they feel beautiful. But at the same time, the vast majority of women say they feel pressure to be beautiful. Glad You Asked hosts Cleo Abram and Joss Fong explore the benefits and costs of today’s beauty culture. Key Sources: Fifty Years Ago, Protesters Took on the Miss America Pageant and Electrified the Feminist Movement https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/fifty-years-ago-protestors-took-on-miss-america-pageant-electrified-feminist-movement-180967504/ The Digital Beauty Counter: How Beauty Marketers can Connect to Consumers Through Youtube, Facebook, and Instagram Video https://www.pixability.com/insights-reports/digital-beauty-counter/ Beauty Shop Politics, by Tiffany Gill https://www.press.uillinois.edu/books/catalog/86hdc8fp9780252035050.html Beauty Sick, by Renee Engeln https://www.harpercollins.com/9780062469793/beauty-sick/ Beauty in a World of Flux https://www.usa.philips.com/c-dam/corporate/newscenter/global/standard/resources/healthcare/2019/global-beauty-index/Philips-Beauty-Bookazine-2019-interactive-version.pdf Unsupervised Discovery of Gendered Language through Latent-Variable Modeling https://copenlu.github.io/publication/2019_acl_hoyle/ Honesty tops list of traits that people say society values most in men; physical attractiveness top trait for women https://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2017/12/05/americans-see-different-expectations-for-men-and-women/pst_12-05-17-gender-02-00/ The State of Gender Equality for U.S. Adolescents https://www.planusa.org/docs/state-of-gender-equality-2018.pdf 2018 Cosmetic Surgery Gender Distribution https://www.plasticsurgery.org/documents/News/Statistics/2018/cosmetic-procedures-women-2018.pdf 2017 Cosmetic Plastic Surgery Statistics https://www.plasticsurgery.org/documents/News/Statistics/2017/cosmetic-procedure-trends-2017.pdf 0:00 Intro 1:38 Body Issues 4:35 IPSY Beauty Con 6:21 Social Media 8:49 Beauty Sickness 14:41 Chasing Beauty 18:11 Beauty Culture

Épisode 1104 - Why Are We So Lonely? - Glad You Asked S1

8 janvier 2020

We often make assumptions about the things that make us lonely. But research shows that the amount of time you spend with other people, and the quality of our social skills don't really make a difference. So why is it that nearly half of the U.S. population reports feeling lonely regularly? Glad You Asked hosts Alex Clark and Christophe Haubursin set off to discover what causes loneliness, how it affects our health, and what to do to address it. Resources for help: Crisis Text Line https://www.crisistextline.org U.S - text 741741 Canada - text 686868 U.S. National Suicide Prevention Hotline https://suicidepreventionlifeline.org/ 1-800-273-8255 IASP International Crisis Center Resource List https://www.iasp.info/resources/Crisis_Centres/ SAMHSA Health Treatment Services Locator https://findtreatment.samhsa.gov/ Thanks to Bumble BFF, the app Alex used to find friends: https://bumble.com/bff And to ROMEO Clubs: https://romeoclub.com/ AARP Community Connections Locator https://connect2affect.org/find-help/ Key Sources: Loneliness: Human Nature and the Need for Human Connection https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/2753527-lonelinessUnited States Congress Joint Economic Committee Report - All the Lonely Americans https://www.jec.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/republicans/analysis?ID=FB0F036E-1047-4107-BEC6-0470D0345C83 Cigna’s U.S. Loneliness Index (2018) https://www.multivu.com/players/English/8294451-cigna-us-loneliness-survey/ Social Relationships and Mortality Risk https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20668659 American Enterprise Institute Report - A Loneliness Epidemic? https://www.aei.org/research-products/report/loneliness-epidemic-how-marriage-religion-and-mobility-explain-the-generation-gap-in-loneliness/ Toward a Neurology of Loneliness https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5130107/ Social Network Size in Humans http://courses.washington.edu/ccab/Hill%20and%20Dunbar%202003%20-%20Group%20size.pdf You’ve Got to Have (150) Friends https://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/26/opinion/26dunbar.html 0:00 Intro 1:15 Loneliness 2:29 Dating 3:46 Social Circles 5:50 Dunbar’s Number 8:31 Romeo Club 12:07 Evolution Of Loneliness 15:42 Paint Date 17:48 The Delilah Show

Épisode 1105 - How Does the Internet Work? - Glad You Asked S1

8 janvier 2020

For most of us, the internet is virtual, made of Instagram posts, emails and YouTube videos. And, access to the vital utility isn’t guaranteed across the world. Glad You Asked host Cleo Abram wants to know: What is the internet actually made of? And, how does it work? Answering that question involves discovering how internet cables are laid in the sea, if 5G is really the future, and how balloons in the stratosphere are helping people connect. Key Sources: Submarine Cable Map - https://www.submarinecablemap.com/ Code, Charles Petzold - https://www.amazon.com/Code-Language-Computer-Hardware-Software/dp/0735611319 Tubes, by Andrew Blum - https://www.amazon.com/Tubes-Journey-Internet-Andrew-Blum/dp/0061994952 Internet Cable Protection Committee Report - https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/ICPC-sharks.pdf Pew Internet Fact Sheet - https://www.pewinternet.org/fact-sheet/internet-broadband/ How Does The Internet Work? - https://web.stanford.edu/class/msande91si/www-spr04/readings/week1/InternetWhitepaper.htm Basic Radio Theory and Introduction to Radio Systems - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9781597497312000028 Federal Communications Commission Broadband Map - https://broadbandmap.fcc.gov/#/ InterTubes: A Study of the US Long-haul Fiber-optic Infrastructure, SIGCOMM - http://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~pb/tubes_final.pdf Rural Broadband Economics: A Review of Rural Subsidies, COSTQUEST - https://www.ntca.org/sites/default/files/documents/2018-07/CQA- RuralBroadbandEconomics-AReviewofRuralSubsidies_FinalV07112018.pdf Worldwide Broadband Pricing, Cable - https://www.cable.co.uk/broadband/pricing/worldwide-comparison/ Exploring the Relationship Between Broadband and Economic Growth, World Bank - http://pubdocs.worldbank.org/en/391452529895999/WDR16-BP- Exploring-the-Relationship-between-Broadband-and-Economic-Growth-Minges.pdf 0:00 Intro 1:10 How Does The Internet Work? 3:37 Finding The Internet 6:43 An Internet Hub 8:45 The Internet Backbone 14:03 Greater Web Access

Épisode 1108 - The original Game of Life was incredibly dark

13 janvier 2020

The Game of Life was dark for a reason. This video is sponsored by Simplisafe. Visit https://simplisafe.com/vox to learn more. SimpliSafe is award-winning home security that keeps your home safe around the clock. It’s really reliable, easy to use, and there are no contracts. Check out SimpliSafe here: https://simplisafe.com/vox In this episode of Vox Almanac, Vox's Phil Edwards explores the real meaning of life. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO The original game of Life was depressing. Really depressing. When we think of the Game of Life, the candy-colored 1950s and '60s version comes to mind — featuring the glossy American dream of buying a house, piling kids in the car, and becoming a millionaire. Born in 1836, Milton Bradley grew up in Lowell, Massachusetts, where he dropped out of college to begin a career in the printing business. He quickly acquired a monopoly — he owned one of the only lithography machines in Massachusetts outside of Boston — and it made him a wild success. But in 1860, disaster struck. Bradley had printed thousands of portraits of Abraham Lincoln, hoping for strong sales based on Lincoln's presidential nomination. Unfortunately, Lincoln grew a beard in the meantime, and the portraits failed to sell, nearly bankrupting Bradley. From that failure, however, his greatest success was born. Soon thereafter, Bradley invented the Checkered Game of Life, with the game's board mirroring the ups and downs of his own career. It turned out to be a hit. In 1866, Bradley patented the game and secured his fortune. After Milton Bradley died in 1911, the game of Life began to transform from board-game-as-moral-tract to board-game-as-escape. The version familiar to modern players makes success all about money and achievement rather than virtue. That makes a couple of questions surprisingly tricky to answer: What should the meaning of Life be? And which version of the game is actually more depressing? Want to learn more? Your best bet is probably James Shea's history of the company: https://www.amazon.com/Its-all-game-James-Shea/dp/B0007DPUPK Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1110 - Why Australia's fires are linked to floods in Africa

17 janvier 2020

Fires are normal in Australia. This year was off the charts. Correction: A previous version of this video had the date January 7, 2019 at 0:11 and sourced the Department of Western Australia at 0:24. It has been corrected to January 7, 2020 and the Government of Western Australia. The current version also corrects an error at 2:10 and 2:29 where our voiceover mixed up East and West. -- Australia’s recent fire season has been hellish with no end in sight. At least 17.9 million acres have burned, 28 people have died, and an estimated 1 billion animals have been lost. But while Australia burns, East Africa has been grappling with record-breaking rainfall leading to catastrophic floods. Both have a common cause — and it lies in the Indian Ocean. Want to help? Here are some organizations that are collecting donations that could use your support: The New South Wales Rural Fire Service, Country Fire Service Foundation, and Country Fire Authority: https://www.rfs.nsw.gov.au/volunteer/support-your-local-brigade https://cfsfoundation.org.au/donate https://www.cfa.vic.gov.au/about/supporting-cfa The Australian Red Cross’s fire and recovery relief fund: https://www.redcross.org.au/campaigns/disaster-relief-and-recovery-new-years-eve East Africa relief: https://www.actionagainsthunger.org/donate/east-horn-relief-fund And read more about Australia's climate and the IOD: https://www.vox.com/2019/12/30/21039298/40-celsius-australia-fires-2019-heatwave-climate-change http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/ https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2009GL040163 Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1111 - The lost neighborhood under New York's Central Park

20 janvier 2020

Before Central Park was built, a historic black community was destroyed. Help our reporting on hidden histories. Submit a story idea here: http://bit.ly/2RhjxMy If you’ve been to New York, you’ve probably visited Central Park. But there’s a part of its story you won't see. It’s a story that goes back to the 1820s, when that part of New York was largely open countryside. Soon it became home to about 1,600 people. Among them was a predominantly black community that bought up affordable plots to build homes, churches and a school. It became known as Seneca Village. And when Irish and German immigrants moved in, it became a rare example at the time of an integrated neighborhood. Everything changed on July 21, 1853. New York took control of the land to create what would become the first major landscaped park in the US -- they called it “The Central Park.” In the Vox series Missing Chapter, Vox Senior Producer Ranjani Chakraborty revisits underreported and often overlooked moments from the past to give context to the present. Join her as she covers the histories that are often left out of our textbooks. Our first season tackles stories of racial injustice, political conflicts, even the hidden history of US medical experimentation. Have an idea for a story that Ranjani should investigate for Missing Chapter? Send it to her via this form! http://bit.ly/2RhjxMy Sign up for the Missing Chapter newsletter to stay up to date with the series: https://vox.com/missing-chapter Explore the full Missing Chapter playlist, including episodes, a creator Q&A, and more! https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ8cMiYb3G5fR2kt0L4Nihvel4pEDw9od The Institute for the Exploration of Seneca Village History website: http://projects.mcah.columbia.edu/seneca_village/ The exhibit on Seneca Village through the Central Park Conservancy: https://www.centralparknyc.org/programs/discover-seneca-village Check out the 1856 before and after Central Park plans at the New York Public Library, as well as dozens of other Central Park maps and archives: https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/6850fc74-5e61-8806-e040-e00a18067a2c Read the full report on the 2011 Seneca Village excavations: http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/arch_reports/1828.pdf Read the New York Times’ coverage of Seneca Village: https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/28/opinion/seneca-central-park-nyc.html Read The Park and the People by Elizabeth Blackmar and Roy Rosenzweig for a comprehensive history of Central Park, including Seneca Village: https://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/book/9780801497513/the-park-and-the-people/ Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1112 - How Iran's Soleimani became a US target

28 janvier 2020

He commanded an army of militias across the Middle East. Correction: In a previous version of this video, we mistakenly labelled Iran's Ayatollah Ali Khamenei as Ayatollah Khomeini. We regret the error. Before Qassem Soleimani was killed in a US air strike in Iraq, he was arguably Iran's second most important leader. He commanded the soldiers and spies of Iran's elite Quds Force, a group whose job was to forge partnerships with militias across the Middle East, through which Soleimani spread Iran's influence and his own. From Hezbollah in Lebanon to the many Shia militias in Iraq, these groups played a central role in the medley of wars that have roiled the Middle East for the last few decades. Soleimani didn't invent Iran's use of proxy militias; that dates back to at least 1979, when Iran's new regime looked around the region and found many enemies and few friends. But 40 years later, thanks in part to Soleimani's work, Iran has the advantage in the Middle East. Further Reading: Jen Kirby, Vox: https://www.vox.com/world/2020/1/7/21054073/soleimani-iran-response-trump-q-a Dexter Filkins, the New Yorker: https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2013/09/30/the-shadow-commander Crisis Group: https://www.crisisgroup.org/trigger-list/iran-us-trigger-list The Soufan Center: https://thesoufancenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Iran%E2%80%99s-Playbook-Deconstructing-Tehran%E2%80%99s-Regional-Strategy-by-The-Soufan-Center.pdf Phillip Smyth, The Middle East Institute: https://www.mei.edu/sites/default/files/publications/Vatanka_PolicyPaper.pdf Kenneth Pollack, American Enterprise Institute: https://www.aei.org/profile/kenneth-pollack/ Vox Atlas demonstrates where conflicts occur on a map and the ways in which foreign policy shapes a region. Watch all the episodes here: http://bit.ly/2SThVsf Become a Video Lab member! http://bit.ly/video-lab Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1114 - Why this Russian gas company sponsors soccer teams

31 janvier 2020

Gazprom’s soccer jersey strategy, explained. Become a Video Lab member! http://bit.ly/video-lab Russia has the world’s largest reserves of natural gas, and most of it is controlled by the state-owned company Gazprom. But Gazprom has also built a global profile as a soccer sponsor. Good publicity for Gazprom means good publicity for Russia; since Gazprom is owned by the Russian state, domestic approval for the foreign energy provider can help build a reputation for Russia in places that might otherwise be wary of their creeping influence. And as Vladimir Putin pursues that influence abroad, building relationships with foreign business leaders using the sport of soccer has proven extremely useful. One place where that's been especially true is in Germany, where the team FC Schalke 04 has a longstanding sponsorship deal with Gazprom. When the deal was first signed in 2006, Russia was vying to increase their presence in the Western European gas market. Over a decade later, Gazprom sponsors one of Germany’s most popular soccer teams, and is about to open their second major direct pipeline from Russia to Germany. A previous version of this video misidentified Switzerland on a map. The error has been corrected. Sources: Natural gas reserves https://www.eia.gov/international/analysis/country/RUS https://static.seekingalpha.com/uploads/2017/12/3/saupload_map_develop_e2016-07-08_1.png Gazprom https://www.statista.com/statistics/273267/shareholder-structure-of-gazprom/ https://www.cer.eu/publications/archive/policy-brief/2019/putins-last-term-taking-long-view https://www.gazprom.com/projects/germany/ Russian gas dependency https://europa.eu/european-union/about-eu/agencies/acer_en https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/oil-and-gas/our-insights/petroleum-blog/how-did-the-european-natural-gas-market-evolve-in-2018 Nord Stream 2 https://ec.europa.eu/epsc/sites/epsc/files/epsc_-_nord_stream_-_divide_et_impera_again.pdf https://www.ogj.com/home/article/17230160/wingas-starts-new-german-gas-import-link Germany https://www.processingmagazine.com/news-notes/article/15584095/gazprom-to-take-over-huge-gas-storage-facility-in-germany https://www.gazprom.com/projects/germany/ https://www.cleanenergywire.org/factsheets/gas-pipeline-nord-stream-2-links-germany-russia-splits-europe Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1115 - How ads follow you around the internet

3 février 2020

Hint: It’s why every site asks you to accept cookies. Join the Open Sourced Reporting Network: http://www.vox.com/opensourcednetwork You’ve seen the pop-ups: “This site uses cookies to improve your experience. Please accept cookies.” Cookies do improve your experience. They function as the website’s short term memory; with each new click you make, cookies help the site identify you as the same person. Imagine every time you add something to your cart and click away, it disappears. Or each time you load a new page on Facebook, you have to log in again. Without cookies, the online world we know today couldn’t exist. But that world relies on advertising, which gives three kinds of companies a strong incentive to track your online behavior. Brands want to sell products by serving you ads for things you’re likely to buy. Platforms and publishers — like Vox — want to make money by serving those ads when you’re on their site. And middlemen are in the business of ensuring the ads from the brands are delivered to the right people. In this video, we explain how cookies work and what you should know about how they’re being used. And we get a little help from the man who invented them. Open Sourced is a year-long reporting project from Recode by Vox that goes deep into the closed ecosystems of data, privacy, algorithms, and artificial intelligence. Learn more at http://www.vox.com/opensourced This project is made possible by the Omidyar Network. All Open Sourced content is editorially independent and produced by our journalists. Watch all episodes of Open Sourced right here on YouTube: http://bit.ly/2tIHftD Become a part of the Open Sourced Reporting Network and help our reporting. Join here: http://www.vox.com/opensourcednetwork Sources: “Online Tracking: A 1-million-site Measurement and Analysis” https://www.cs.princeton.edu/~arvindn/publications/OpenWPM_1_million_site_tracking_measurement.pdf "Why every website wants you to accept its cookies" https://www.vox.com/recode/2019/12/10/18656519/what-are-cookies-website-tracking-gdpr-privacy “The reasoning behind web cookies” https://montulli.blogspot.com/2013/05/the-reasoning-behind-web-cookies.html Letter following Facebook Chief Technology Officer testimony before UK House of Commons https://www.parliament.uk/documents/commons-committees/culture-media-and-sport/180514-Rebecca-Stimson-Facebook-to-Ctte-Chair-re-oral-ev-follow-up.pdf “How does online tracking actually work?” https://robertheaton.com/2017/11/20/how-does-online-tracking-actually-work/ “Now sites can fingerprint you online even when you use multiple browsers” https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2017/02/now-sites-can-fingerprint-you-online-even-when-you-use-multiple-browsers/ “WTF are Facebook’s first-party cookies for pixel?” https://digiday.com/marketing/wtf-what-are-facebooks-first-party-cookies-pixel/ “About Cookie Settings for Facebook Pixel” https://www.facebook.com/business/help/471978536642445?id=1205376682832142 “What information does Facebook get when I visit a site with the Like button?” https://www.facebook.com/help/186325668085084 Transcript of Mark Zuckerberg’s Senate Hearing https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-switch/wp/2018/04/10/transcript-of-mark-zuckerbergs-senate-hearing/ “Facebook Is Tracking Me Even Though I’m Not on Facebook” https://www.aclu.org/blog/privacy-technology/internet-privacy/facebook-tracking-me-even-though-im-not-facebook/ Internet History Podcast Interview with Lou Montulli http://www.internethistorypodcast.com/2014/03/chapter-1-supplemental-1-an-interview-with-lou-montulli/ Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1118 - Was this the greatest dog of all time?

10 février 2020

The Westminster Kennel Club Dog show had a champion who won three times in a row. How did she do it? Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO This year, the Westminster Dog Show will draw lots of attention. But no dog will surpass the legacy of the first Best in Show winner — a smooth fox terrier named Warren Remedy. In this episode of Vox Almanac, Vox's Phil Edwards explains how it happened. Warren Remedy won three Best in Show titles at the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show, and she cemented her place in canine history. But her legacy extends beyond her title — as an exemplar of the smooth fox terrier breed, she helped establish the “type” that people expected. That was largely because of her breeder, a wealthy Manhattan socialite named Winthrop Rutherfurd. Rutherfurd famously dated a Vanderbilt before settling down with a vice president’s daughter, but in addition to lighting up the gossip pages, he bred fox terriers at his estate in Allamuchy, New Jersey. And he promoted them through the American Fox Terrier Club and Westminster Kennel Club. These efforts helped the relatively new breed gain a foothold in American culture. Warren Remedy may never be surpassed in her three Best in Show titles. So was she the greatest dog of all time? That might be the wrong question. She was the greatest dog of her time, though, and that may have established an even more important legacy, for all dogs and for the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show. Further Reading: This archival article from Outing Magazine has a surprising interesting history of smooth terriers in America, including how the breed can be traced to just a few dogs. https://books.google.com/books?id=qb9DAQAAIAAJ&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&dq=%22warren%20remedy%22&pg=PA349#v=onepage&q&f=false The Dog Show: 125 Years of Westminster is a great resource for dog show obsessives, and it chronicles all the winners as well as the early history and lore of the show. https://www.amazon.com/Dog-Show-125-Years-Westminster/dp/1592282636 The American Kennel Club lists all their dog standards on their website. The listing for the wire fox terrier is a good place to start. https://www.akc.org/dog-breeds/wire-fox-terrier/ Previous headline: How this dog won Westminster three times Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1120 - This photo triggered China's Cultural Revolution

14 février 2020

Mao Zedong swimming in a river in 1966 was a big deal. Become a Video Lab member! http://bit.ly/video-lab In 1966, Mao Zedong, China’s communist leader and the founder of the People’s Republic of China, was rumored to be in failing health. The devastating policies of his Great Leap Forward (1958-1962) — which forced millions of peasants to work tirelessly on government farming communes and by manufacturing crude steel — resulted in the greatest famine known to human history, costing anywhere between 23 and 55 million lives. Mao wanted to leave behind a powerful Communist legacy, like Marx and Lenin before him. And in order to do so, he needed to connect with the younger generation before he died. So after announcing his Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, he swam across the Yangtze River. Mao had done the same swim 10 years earlier to prove his vitality, and he hoped it would work again. His "Cultural Revolution" was a call to hunt down and eliminate his enemies, and reeducate China’s youth with the principles Maoism. Led by the fanatical Red Guards, the Cultural Revolution was a devastating 10-year period in Chinese history that didn’t end until Mao died in 1976. Additional reading: Embodying Maoism: The swimming craze, the Mao cult, and body politics in Communist China, 1950s–1970s, by Shuk-wah Poon https://doi.org/10.1017/S0026749X17000804 Red-Color News Soldier, by Li Zhensheng http://red-colornewssoldier.com/ Darkroom is a history and photography series that anchors each episode around a single image. Analyzing what the photo shows (or doesn't show) provides context that helps unravel a wider story. Watch previous episodes here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ddiOJLuu2mo&list=PLJ8cMiYb3G5ce8J4P5j5qOEtYR94Z3DQs Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1123 - The conspiracy behind this famous statue

26 février 2020

The Venus de Milo has another missing piece. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO The Venus de Milo is iconic. Why? It turns out a missing piece might have something to do with it. In this episode of Vox Almanac, Vox’s Phil Edwards explores the secret history of the Venus de Milo, the famous armless statue from Greece. Found in 1820, the Venus de Milo was always considered notable, but it’s a complicated political situation that made the statue iconic. French art and the Louvre were struggling when Venus was discovered. A large cache of art — looted by Napoleon around the world — had recently been returned to various home countries, and that left a huge gap in the Louvre’s classical art collection. Venus was the perfect solution — and the French went to extreme lengths to make sure nobody questioned her legitimacy. The result was a globally famous statue with a complicated and secretive history. Make your own Venus using a 3D printed model: https://www.myminifactory.com/object/3d-print-venus-aphrodite-is-the-goddess-of-love-she-was-depicted-in-the-nude-or-in-various-stages-of-nudity-and-painted-the-figure-is-executed-in-the-hellenistic-style-and-famed-for-its-sensuous-appearance-it-supposedly-lost-its-arms-in-a-struggle-arising-b-25162 If you want to learn more about Venus, check out: Disarmed by Gregory Curtis Incredibly detailed, this book immerses you in the life and times of one of the world’s most famous statues. https://www.amazon.com/Disarmed-Story-Venus-Gregory-Curtis/dp/1400031338 The Venus de Milo: Genesis of a Modern Myth by Philippe Jockey This paper provides the best and clearest synopsis of how and why the French concealed the truth about the Venus de Milo. https://www.academia.edu/12027590/_The_Venus_de_Milo._Genesis_of_a_Modern_Myth_in_Z._Bahrani_Z._Celik_E._Eldem_dir._Scramble_for_the_past._A_story_of_archaeology_in_the_Ottoman_Empire_1753-1914_2011_ Creating the Past: The Vénus de Milo and the Hellenistic Reception of Classical Greece by Rachel Kousser This paper helpfully grounds the Venus in the Hellenistic era (and provides a good summary of her discovery and subsequent theories). https://www.ajaonline.org/article/100 Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Check out our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Or our podcasts: https://www.vox.com/podcasts Follow Vox on Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H Or on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o

Épisode 1125 - The case for Pete Buttigieg

27 février 2020

What’s the case for a President Mayor Pete? Up next: The case for Bernie Sanders: http://bit.ly/2wdX38E This video is one of a series in which Vox writers argue the cases for the leading Democratic candidates in the 2020 election. (Vox does not endorse individual candidates.) The case for Bernie Sanders: https://youtu.be/1PjNlBV-_s8 The case for Joe Biden: https://youtu.be/4c5fuOPCeYw The case for Elizabeth Warren: https://youtu.be/VBpmYDLECF8 The case for Pete Buttigieg: https://youtu.be/0yT7hpF654k And you can read our cases for all the candidates, including Mike Bloomberg and Amy Klobuchar, at http://vox.com/the-case-for Update: Pete Buttigieg withdrew his candidacy on March 1, 2020: https://www.vox.com/2020/3/1/21121523/pete-buttigieg-drops-out-2020-presidential-election If he won the 2020 election, former South Bend, Indiana, Mayor Pete Buttigieg would become the youngest US president ever. And at 38 years old, his age puts him in good company with many of the Democrats’ recent successful nominees: Barack Obama, John F. Kennedy, and Bill Clinton. But as Vox’s Dylan Matthews argues, that’s not Mayor Pete’s only similarity with recent Democratic presidents. Like Obama and Clinton before him, Buttigieg has a way of describing traditionally liberal ideas, like expanded access to health care and higher taxes on the wealthy, in a way that appeals to voters who don’t necessarily identify as liberals. So: What kind of president would Pete Buttigieg be? What makes him different from the other candidates in the race? And what would his advantage be in a general election against Donald Trump? Read more about the case for Buttigieg on Vox.com: http://bit.ly/31qABF3 Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Check out our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Or our podcasts: https://www.vox.com/podcasts Follow Vox on Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H Or on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o

Épisode 1126 - The case for Joe Biden

27 février 2020

It comes down to where the people who love him are. Up next: The case for Bernie Sanders: http://bit.ly/2wdX38E This video is one of a series in which Vox writers argue the cases for the leading Democratic candidates in the 2020 election. (Vox does not endorse individual candidates.) The case for Bernie Sanders: https://youtu.be/1PjNlBV-_s8 The case for Joe Biden: https://youtu.be/4c5fuOPCeYw The case for Elizabeth Warren: https://youtu.be/VBpmYDLECF8 The case for Pete Buttigieg: https://youtu.be/0yT7hpF654k And you can read our cases for all the candidates, including Mike Bloomberg and Amy Klobuchar, at http://vox.com/the-case-for Former Vice President Joe Biden has been a familiar face in American politics for decades. And he’s built his long career on personal relationships — relationships with fellow Democrats, but also with Republicans. More than any other candidate in this race, Biden’s campaign is defined by his belief that consensus among the parties isn’t only possible. It’s preferable. It’s an outlook shaped by Biden’s past experiences, and in an election defined by competing visions of the future, Biden’s nostalgic style stands out. But Vox’s Laura McGann argues that the case for Biden is all about where, and with whom, that moderate, nostalgic message will resonate. Because if you look to the election that won Democrats the House of Representatives in 2018, the message that drove that victory looks a lot like Biden’s. So: What is that message exactly? What are Joe Biden's politics? And why are so many people convinced he can beat Donald Trump? Read more about the case for Biden on Vox.com: http://bit.ly/2UsHcxc Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Check out our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Or our podcasts: https://www.vox.com/podcasts Follow Vox on Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H Or on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o

Épisode 1127 - The case for Elizabeth Warren

27 février 2020

To fix the country's problems, you have to understand them. Up next: The case for Bernie Sanders: http://bit.ly/2wdX38E This video is one of a series in which Vox writers argue the cases for the leading Democratic candidates in the 2020 election. (Vox does not endorse individual candidates.) The case for Bernie Sanders: https://youtu.be/1PjNlBV-_s8 The case for Joe Biden: https://youtu.be/4c5fuOPCeYw The case for Elizabeth Warren: https://youtu.be/VBpmYDLECF8 The case for Pete Buttigieg: https://youtu.be/0yT7hpF654k And you can read our cases for all the candidates, including Mike Bloomberg and Amy Klobuchar, at http://vox.com/the-case-for Update: Elizabeth Warren withdrew her candidacy on March 5, 2020: https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2020/3/5/21120368/elizabeth-warren-drops-out-2020-race-bernie-sanders-women Elizabeth Warren is 70, but she’s a relative newcomer to politics. Before she became a US senator in 2012, she was a law professor. And in the early 2000s, she was driven by one question: Why, at a time when the economy seemed so good, were so many American families declaring bankruptcy? The answers she found turned her into one of the country’s fiercest advocates for consumers. They helped change how we think about the economy itself. And, Vox’s Ezra Klein argues, it’s Warren’s understanding of America’s big, systemic problems that makes her uniquely qualified to be the next president. So: What exactly is it that Elizabeth Warren understands? What kind of president would she be? And what does any of that tell us about how she would fare in a general election against Donald Trump? Read more about the case for Warren on Vox.com: http://bit.ly/2SgH2Xb Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Check out our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Or our podcasts: https://www.vox.com/podcasts Follow Vox on Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H Or on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o

Épisode 1128 - Computers just got a lot better at writing

4 mars 2020

How machines can mimic our language. Join the Open Sourced Reporting Network: http://www.vox.com/opensourcednetwork Something big happened in the past year: Researchers created computer programs that can write long passages of coherent, original text. Language models like GPT-2, Grover, and CTRL create text passages that seem written by someone fluent in the language, but not in the truth. That AI field, Natural Language Processing (NLP), didn’t exactly set out to create a fake news machine. Rather, it’s the byproduct of a line of research into massive pretrained language models: Machine learning programs that store vast statistical maps of how we use our language. So far, the technology’s creative uses seem to outnumber its malicious ones. But it’s not difficult to imagine how these text-fakes could cause harm, especially as these models become widely shared and deployable by anyone with basic know-how. Read more here: https://www.vox.com/recode/2020/3/4/21163743/ai-language-generation-fake-text-gpt2 Open Sourced is a year-long reporting project from Recode by Vox that goes deep into the closed ecosystems of data, privacy, algorithms, and artificial intelligence. Learn more at http://www.vox.com/opensourced This project is made possible by the Omidyar Network. All Open Sourced content is editorially independent and produced by our journalists. Watch all episodes of Open Sourced right here on YouTube: http://bit.ly/2tIHftD Try out natural language generation and detection with these tools: https://demo.allennlp.org/next-token-lm https://talktotransformer.com/ https://transformer.huggingface.co/ https://grover.allenai.org/ https://www.ai21.com/haim http://gltr.io/ https://play.aidungeon.io/ https://huggingface.co/openai-detector/ Sources: https://ruder.io/nlp-imagenet/ https://medium.com/@ageitgey/deepfaking-the-news-with-nlp-and-transformer-models-5e057ebd697d https://openai.com/blog/better-language-models/ https://blog.einstein.ai/introducing-a-conditional-transformer-language-model-for-controllable-generation/ https://veredshwartz.blogspot.com/2019/08/text-generation.html http://www.mattkenney.me/gpt-2-345/ http://www.mattkenney.me/gpt-2/ https://jalammar.github.io/illustrated-gpt2/ https://mc.ai/introduction-to-language-modelling-and-deep-neural-network-based-text-generation/ https://fortune.com/2020/01/20/natural-language-processing-business/ https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2019/2/14/18222270/artificial-intelligence-open-ai-natural-language-processing https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2019/10/14/can-a-machine-learn-to-write-for-the-new-yorker https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GEtbD6pqTTE https://arxiv.org/pdf/1905.12616.pdf https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.03343 https://arxiv.org/abs/1904.09751 https://techscience.org/a/2019121801/ https://www.middlebury.edu/institute/sites/www.middlebury.edu.institute/files/2019-11/The%20Industrialization%20of%20Terrorist%20Propaganda%20-%20CTEC.pdf?fv=TzdJnlDw http://newsyoucantuse.com/ https://aiweirdness.com/post/168051907512/the-first-line-of-a-novel-by-an-improved-neural https://aiweirdness.com/post/159302925452/the-neural-network-generated-pickup-lines-that-are https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/10/26/opinion/halloween-spooky-costumes-machine-learning-generator.html https://aiweirdness.com/post/160985569682/paint-colors-designed-by-neural-network-part-2 https://www.reddit.com/r/SubSimulatorGPT2/ https://twitter.com/dril_gpt2 https://cloud.google.com/text-to-speech/ Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1129 - How wildlife trade is linked to coronavirus

6 mars 2020

And why the disease first appeared in China. NOTE: As our expert Peter Li points out in the video, “The majority of the people in China do not eat wildlife animals. Those people who consume these wildlife animals are the rich and the powerful –a small minority.” This video explains how the people of China are themselves victims of the conditions that led to coronavirus. The virus is affecting many different countries and cultures, and there is never justification for xenophobia or racism. You can find further reading on this on Vox: https://www.vox.com/2020/2/7/21126758/coronavirus-xenophobia-racism-china-asians https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2020/3/4/21157825/coronavirus-pandemic-xenophobia-racism https://www.vox.com/identities/2020/3/6/21166625/coronavirus-photos-racism As of early March 2020, a new coronavirus, called COVID-19, is in more than 70 countries and has killed more than 3,100 people, the vast majority in China. That's where the virus emerged back in December 2019. This isn't a new phenomenon for China; in 2003, the SARS virus also emerged there, and under similar circumstances, before spreading around the world and killing nearly 800. Both SARS and COVID-19 are in the "coronavirus" family, and both appear to have emerged from animals in China's notorious wildlife markets. Experts had long predicted that these markets, known to be potential sources of disease, would enable another outbreak. The markets, and the wildlife trade that supports them, are the underlying problem of these pandemics; until China solves that problem, more are likely to emerge. Follow our reporting on coronavirus on vox.com: Our updated guide to Covid-19: http://bit.ly/3cGvqpU 11 questions about the coronavirus outbreak, answered: http://bit.ly/3cHFSgT Why washing your hands is so important: http://bit.ly/39vOaGy Watch our Netflix episode "The next pandemic, explained" https://www.netflix.com/watch/81062202 Further reading: Peter Li: https://www.scmp.com/comment/opinion/article/3047828/first-sars-now-wuhan-coronavirus-heres-why-china-should-ban-its Peter Daszak, EcoAlliance: https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/28/science/bats-coronavirus-Wuhan.html WildAid: https://wildaid.org/chinese-citizens-call-for-permanent-ban-on-wildlife-markets/ On the animal source: https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-00548-w?fbclid=IwAR1TaU8leMGzeMUzV0uZVIOBskJC2Zh4P7hixJfBEvwnsouHZGZnF4QTz_A Support Vox by joining the Video Lab at http://vox.com/join or making a one-time contribution here: http://vox.com/contribute Note: The headline has been updated. Previous headline: Why new diseases keep appearing in China Note: A previous version of this video incorrectly colored Crimea as part of Russia on the map. While it has been occupied by Russian forces since 2014, it is still legally a territory of Ukraine. We've corrected the error. Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Subscribe to our channel and don't forget to turn on notifications: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1130 - How San Francisco erased a neighborhood

10 mars 2020

A hotel at the heart of San Francisco’s housing wars Help our reporting on hidden histories. Submit a story idea here: http://bit.ly/2RhjxMy With an explosion of tech companies and startups in recent decades, San Francisco has struggled with a massive affordable housing crisis. But the beginnings of that crisis go back much further than Silicon Valley. In 1968, a group of predominantly Filipino elders in San Francisco launched a battle to protect their home from eviction. Called the International Hotel, their home ended up in the crossroads of a city prioritizing the “Manhattanization” of its downtown area. Their fight for their neighborhood would evolve into a nearly decade-long protest with thousands of supporters and become a symbol of the campaign for affordable housing for decades to come. In the Vox series Missing Chapter, Vox Senior Producer Ranjani Chakraborty revisits underreported and often overlooked moments from the past to give context to the present. Join her as she covers the histories that are often left out of our textbooks. Have an idea for a story that Ranjani should investigate for Missing Chapter? Send it to her via this form! http://bit.ly/2RhjxMy Sign up for the Missing Chapter newsletter to stay up to date with the series: https://vox.com/missing-chapter Explore the full Missing Chapter playlist, including episodes, a creator Q&A, and more! https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ8cMiYb3G5fR2kt0L4Nihvel4pEDw9od One of our biggest archival footage sources for this story was Curtis Choy’s documentary, “The Fall of the I-Hotel.” To watch his full documentary, check out: https://vimeo.com/ondemand/thefalloftheihotel For more on this history, read Estella Habal’s book, “San Francisco’s International Hotel”: http://tupress.temple.edu/book/0489 Find out more about Manilatown at the Manilatown Heritage Foundation: https://manilatown.org/ Read past coverage of the history of the International Hotel at the San Francisco Chronicle: https://projects.sfchronicle.com/2017/international-hotel/ Note: The headline on this piece has been updated. Previous headline: The violent eviction that transformed San Francisco Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1131 - Delhi’s deadly riots, explained by an expert

11 mars 2020

The new law that's testing India’s secular values. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO On December 11th, 2019, India’s parliament passed a controversial new law: the Citizenship Amendment Act. The law fast-tracks citizenship for migrants from three neighboring countries, specifically if they are Hindus, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains, Parsis, or Christians. It conspicuously leaves out Muslims. Since the law was passed, it’s drawn widespread opposition and protests, and not only because it discriminates against Muslims. The law is also closely linked to another controversial initiative: the National Registry of Citizens, a citizenship list that could potentially leave millions of people, primarily Muslims, stateless. So far, only the northeastern state of Assam has implemented the NRC. In August 2019, the government of Assam published a citizenship list that left off nearly 2 million residents. And without the citizenship fast-track that the Citizenship Amendment Act grants to other religions, the Muslims left off that list are at risk of losing their citizenship entirely. To understand the law, the national registry of citizens, the controversy they’ve ignited, and what might happen next, we spoke with Milan Vaishnav, Director of the South Asia Program at Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. For more context on India’s secular roots and its tense religious divide, watch our episode of Vox Borders India about the 1947 partition of India: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r5Ps1TZXAN8 And for more recent context, you can watch another Vox Borders video about India’s cow vigilantes and their attacks on Muslims in recent years: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rI_Iy1FoSn4&list=PLJ8cMiYb3G5eLwIHwp0NAPJaLSo9qNexm If you want to dive deep into the law, here’s both India’s original 1955 Citizenship Act and the 2019 Citizenship Amendment Act, which modifies the original law to provide a new path to citizenship based on religion: http://legislative.gov.in/actsofparliamentfromtheyear/citizenship-act-1955 http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2019/214646.pdf You can also learn more about how documentation (birth certificates in particular) works in India and why millions are vulnerable to the new law: https://www.indiaspend.com/birth-certificates-are-citizenship-proof-govt-says-but-38-under-5-children-dont-have-one/ And watch France 24’s news coverage of the situation in Assam, including the detention camps: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wviZkCqj3Is The step-by-step fact-checking process of the verified viral videos of the mosque being vandalized in Delhi can be found here: https://www.altnews.in/verification-video-of-mosque-vandalised-set-on-fire-is-from-ashok-nagar-in-delhi/ And here, for the police brutality video: https://www.altnews.in/video-verification-delhi-cops-beating-injured-men-forcing-them-to-sing-national-anthem/ Here are some additional sources on the rise of Hindu nationalism in India under Modi’s BJP party: https://carnegieendowment.org/2019/04/04/religious-nationalism-and-india-s-future-pub-78703 https://www.reuters.com/article/us-india-religion-temple-factbox/factbox-what-does-indias-ruling-hindu-nationalist-party-want-to-achieve-idUSKBN1XL1PS https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2019/country-chapters/india And finally, you can also read our latest articles covering the most notable developments of the unrest sparked by the Citizenship Amendment Act: https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2019/9/17/20861427/india-assam-citizenship-muslim-detention-camps https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2019/12/12/21010975/india-muslim-citizenship-bill-national-register https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2019/12/16/21024306/india-protests-muslim-citizenship-amendment-bill https://www.vox.com/world/2019/12/21/21033083/india-muslim-protests-citizenship-amendment-bill-cab-caa Thanks for watching! And make sure to let us know what you think of this video in the comments! Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1132 - Why fighting the coronavirus depends on you

16 mars 2020

If we can slow the virus down, it could save hundreds of thousands of lives. Read more about the Covid-19 coronavirus pandemic at http://vox.com/coronavirus In March 2020, the World Health Organization officially classified Covid-19, the disease caused by the novel coronavirus, as a pandemic. That means the disease no longer constitutes just an outbreak or even an epidemic; the coronavirus has now spread around the world, and will continue to reach into other countries and communities. That’s in part because of how contagious the virus is. When you’re infected with the flu, it takes about two days before you start to show symptoms. But coronavirus symptoms take an average of five to six days to appear, so it’s easy to spread well before you notice that you’re feeling sick. Many people are spreading it while going about their daily lives as usual. The risk is that once coronavirus starts to spread in a community, about 20% of cases are severe and may require hospitalization. As those cases multiply, hospitals can fill up quickly. And people with severe cases of COVID-19 who can’t receive proper medical attention are at a much higher risk of dying. Ideally, we would be able to stop the virus from spreading entirely. We can’t do that right now. What we can do is slow it down, so that the severe cases get spread out over a longer period of time, and hospitals are less likely to be overwhelmed on any given day. And that’s where each one of us comes in. The best way to slow down the spread is for everyone — healthy, sick, young, old — to limit social contact as much as possible, immediately. This is called social distancing, and it only works if enough of us do it. But if we do, it could mean the difference between the life and death of someone you know. Read more on Vox: How social distancing and “flattening the curve” works: http://bit.ly/3aOlHM8 The math behind social distancing: http://bit.ly/3a78wG8 The rules of social distancing: http://bit.ly/2xDoZnb How does the coronavirus outbreak end? Your biggest questions answered: http://bit.ly/39YzlfG How has the coronavirus pandemic impacted your life? Share to help Vox’s reporting: http://bit.ly/2vBunqA Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Support Vox by joining the Video Lab at http://vox.com/join or making a one-time contribution here: http://vox.com/contribute Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H NOTE: We've made community translated captions available for this video in 60+ languages. Submit or edit translations using this link: http://www.youtube.com/timedtext_video?v=dSQztKXR6k0&ref=share If you see any errors in the translations we've made public, let us know at voxvideo@vox.com

Épisode 1135 - Why paid sick leave is essential to beating coronavirus

27 mars 2020

Paid sick leave keeps everyone healthier. During a pandemic, it's a necessity. Become a Video Lab member! http://bit.ly/video-lab In most developed countries, workers have the right to a certain number of paid sick days. It’s a policy that isn’t rooted in just generosity — during pandemics like the novel coronavirus, it can literally save lives. When workers have to choose between earning a living and staying home sick, it incentivizes them to come to work when they're ill, and potentially infect their colleagues and anyone else they come into contact with. That’s why public health officials are concerned that millions of American workers don’t have access to paid sick days. And a disproportionate share of those workers are concentrated in occupations like food service and hospitality, where there’s potential to infect the hundreds of customers many of them interact with every day. Correction: At 1:18, islands in Canada, Denmark, Japan, Italy, and Australia are missing highlights. Previous headline: One policy that changes the coronavirus math Further reading: The Italian Ministry of Health https://www.thelocal.it/20200309/map-which-parts-of-italy-are-affected-by-coronavirus-outbreak World Health Organization https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_coronavirus_pandemic#/media/File:2020_coronavirus_cases_outside_China.svg Center for Economic and Policy Research https://media.milanote.com/p/files/1Jcvmg1vhFTY82/Rt8/CEPR%20-%20paid%20sick%20leave%20in%2022%20countries%20%282020%20update%29.pdf Pew Research Center https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2020/03/12/as-coronavirus-spreads-which-u-s-workers-have-paid-sick-leave-and-which-dont/ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prepare/prevention.html A Better Balance https://www.abetterbalance.org/resources/map-of-paid-sick-time-laws/ Milwaukee Journal Sentinel http://archive.jsonline.com/news/statepolitics/33874059.html Wisconsin State Legislature https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/2011/proposals/sb23 PR Watch https://www.prwatch.org/files/ALEC%20Labor%20Business%20Reg%20Subcttee%20Annual%20Mtg%202011.pdf#8 Economic Policy Institute https://www.epi.org/preemption-map/ House Democrats (via CNN) https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/12/politics/coronavirus-house-economic-bill/index.html US House of Representatives https://docs.house.gov/billsthisweek/20200309/BILLS-116hr6201-SUS.pdf The New York Times https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/14/opinion/sunday/coronavirus-paid-sick-leave.html?action=click&module=Opinion&pgtype=Homepage Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1138 - Why coronavirus scammers can send fake emails from the WHO

2 avril 2020

Organizations could prevent domain spoofing, but many don't. Join the Open Sourced Reporting Network: http://www.vox.com/opensourcednetwork Read more here: https://www.vox.com/recode/2020/4/2/21202852/coronavirus-scam-email-who-spoofing-domain-dmarc During the coronavirus pandemic, scammers have sent several emails using the domain of the World Health Organization. Some are addressed from Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, the director-general of the WHO, and carry attachments that can install malware on the victim’s device. Others announce a coronavirus cure that you can read all about in an attachment. They each appear to be sent from the WHO's who.int email address. If it seems like it shouldn’t be this easy to impersonate a leading global health institution, you’re right. There is a way for organizations and companies to prevent spoofing of their domain using a free authentication system called DMARC, but the WHO, like many other companies and organizations, hasn’t done it. Sources: DHS Binding Directive: https://cyber.dhs.gov/bod/18-01/ DMARC status of industries: https://www.valimail.com/resources/domain-spoofing-declines-as-protective-measures-grow/ What is DMARC: https://www.valimail.com/dmarc-monitor/what-is-dmarc/ "Towards Understanding the Adoption of Anti-Spoofing Protocols in Email Systems" http://people.cs.vt.edu/gangwang/survey.pdf "End-to-End Measurements of Email Spoofing Attacks" https://www.usenix.org/system/files/conference/usenixsecurity18/sec18-hu.pdf "Coronavirus-related Lures Comprise More Than 80 Percent of the Threat Landscape" https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/threat-snapshot-coronavirus-related-lures-comprise-more-80-percent-threat "Covid-19 Drug Advice From the WHO Spoofed to Distribute Agent Tesla Info-Stealer" https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/collection/Covid-19-Drug-Advice-From-The-WHO-Disguised-As-HawkEye-Info-Stealer-2f9a23ad901ad94a8668731932ab5826 Open Sourced is a year-long reporting project from Recode by Vox that goes deep into the closed ecosystems of data, privacy, algorithms, and artificial intelligence. Learn more at http://www.vox.com/opensourced Join the Open Sourced Reporting Network: http://www.vox.com/opensourcednetwork This project is made possible by the Omidyar Network. All Open Sourced content is editorially independent and produced by our journalists. Watch all episodes of Open Sourced right here on YouTube: http://bit.ly/2tIHftD Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1140 - Why NASA quarantined the Apollo 11 astronauts

8 avril 2020

On July 21, 1969, the Apollo 11 quarantine began. Support Vox by joining the Video Lab at http://vox.com/join or making a one-time contribution here: http://vox.com/contribute In this episode of History Club, Vox's Phil Edwards and Coleman Lowndes chat with Amy Shira Teitel of The Vintage Space about the Apollo 11 quarantine. Thanks Amy - check out her channel here: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCw95T_TgbGHhTml4xZ9yIqg In History Club, Vox's Phil Edwards and Coleman Lowndes share their discoveries about history both weird and wonderful. Check out the full playlist here. https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ8cMiYb3G5c3rxeWn3e09JkcZlUx7-UU&advanced_settings=1&disable_polymer=1 It was an unusual process for an unprecedented task: keeping potential moon germs from entering the Earth’s atmosphere (and affecting its population). To try to isolate the Apollo astronauts from the Earth, NASA went to extraordinary lengths. They clothed them in “Biological Isolation Garments,” transported them on a converted Airstream trailer, and then quarantined them for weeks in a Lunar Receiving Lab specially built to analyze moon samples and, of course, the men who went there. The quarantine was a strange capstone to the journey to the moon — but also a necessary one that’s surprisingly resonant today. Further reading NASA has an excellent flight journal chronicling the quarantine. https://history.nasa.gov/afj/lrl/apollo-quarantine.html The National Archives has a treasure trove of Apollo 11 footage. Searching it can be a bit clunky, but the results are astonishing and helped make this video. You can start a search for the Mobile Quarantine Facility (abbreviated as MQF) here. https://catalog.archives.gov/search?q=mqf&f.materialsType=movingimages NASA also has multiple oral histories that relate to the quarantine. This one with John Hirasaki is a good starting point. https://historycollection.jsc.nasa.gov/JSCHistoryPortal/history/oral_histories/HirasakiJK/HirasakiJK_3-6-09.htm We were joined in this conversation by Amy Shira Teitel, whose YouTube channel The Vintage Space chronicles a range of topics related to space and the middle of the 20th century. https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCw95T_TgbGHhTml4xZ9yIqg Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1141 - The big lesson from South Korea's coronavirus response

10 avril 2020

Testing and tracing were the key to slowing the spread of coronavirus. Become a Video Lab member! http://bit.ly/video-lab In South Korea, citizens have flattened the curve of the novel coronavirus -- and it's because of lessons they learned from fighting the MERS outbreak in 2015. Through a combination of aggressive and widespread testing measures, along with a system know as “contact tracing,” they’ve been better positioned to spot the path of the virus and curb its spread. While they are still vigilant for a second wave of Covid-19 cases, people in South Korea are slowly returning to public life. Watch the video above to find out how their testing and contact tracing measures work, and how it can be a lesson for countries still in lockdown. You can learn more about the 205 MERS outbreak in South Korea and the lessons learned from it here: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5840604/ https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/23/6/16-0120_article https://www.who.int/emergencies/mers-cov/mers-summary-2016.pdf If you are interested in the first reported cases in Wuhan, China you can check out their public announcement here: http://wjw.wuhan.gov.cn/front/web/showDetail/2019123108989 This Reuters Graphics piece has a great timeline and visualization of the coronavirus clusters in South Korea: https://graphics.reuters.com/CHINA-HEALTH-SOUTHKOREA-CLUSTERS/0100B5G33SB/index.html You can read South Korea’s Infectious Disease Control and Prevention Act to learn more about the tools the government has at its disposal to request location information during outbreaks here: http://www.law.go.kr/LSW/lsInfoP.do?lsiSeq=188080&chrClsCd=010203&urlMode=engLsInfoR&viewCls=engLsInfoR#0000 To learn more about Taiwan, Singapore and Hong Kong’s handling of the coronavirus check out this TIME article: https://time.com/5802293/coronavirus-covid19-singapore-hong-kong-taiwan/ You can check out all of our coronavirus videos via this playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ8cMiYb3G5dBbOh_8kPN5s5aJHt1UCwn And finally, for all things coronavirus, head over to our Coronavirus, Explained hub where we have all of our extensive coronavirus coverage: https://www.vox.com/coronavirus-covid19 Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1142 - What the coronavirus looks like up close

14 avril 2020

Seeing the virus up close helps us understand it. Support Vox by joining the Video Lab at http://vox.com/join or making a one-time contribution: http://vox.com/contribute The images of SARS-CoV-2, the novel coronavirus that first appeared in humans in late 2019, were made using electron microscopy. The virus measures around 100 nanometers, and the smallest wavelengths of light that humans can see measure around 400 nanometers, meaning the virus is too small to see with a standard light microscope. To see something that small, you need a device that uses smaller wavelengths than light. Electrons, when accelerated in a field, behave as a wave with a tiny wavelength to accomplish this. Two electron microscopy techniques, SEM and TEM, offer different views. A Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) scans the surface of a sample and records information that bounces back, similar to a satellite image. A Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) transmits electrons through a sample and projects a cross section of its inner structure. Together, these images help scientists observe the virus and how it moves in and out of host cells. Check out Vox's guide to navigating the coronavirus: https://www.vox.com/2020/3/5/21162138/vox-guide-to-covid-19-coronavirus Read and see more about how the virus attacks our bodies in this New Yorker article: https://www.newyorker.com/science/elements/from-bats-to-human-lungs-the-evolution-of-a-coronavirus Note: The headline for this video has been updated since publishing. Previous headline: How images of coronavirus are made Correction: At 4:07, an animation in a previous version of this video implied that antibodies coat the entire cell membrane, when they actually bind to specific proteins on the virus. The error has been corrected.. Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1143 - Why kids write letters backward

16 avril 2020

Almost all kids will mirror write at some point. Why? *Our in-studio shoot with other Vox team members was done before the Covid-19 outbreak. We are currently safely working from home.* Become a Video Lab member! http://bit.ly/video-lab If you work with (or have) kids under 7, you might notice that a handful of them flip letters, or sometimes entire words, when writing. It’s a little creepy to look at — and reminiscent of Danny from The Shining – but it’s entirely normal. Our minds are exceptionally good at saving space when necessary. Sitting in a classroom, you probably won’t notice the consistent buzz of a heater unless you focus on it. Our eyes do something similar when it comes to orientation. This is because in the natural world, the direction something is facing doesn't really matter all that much. This allows us to identify and recognize objects quickly. It's a truly efficient way to think. Except, when it comes to letters and numbers, where orientation *does* matter. In many ways, the written word is a completely unnatural system for our minds. The reverse of "b" turns it into a "d." Why is 3 left-facing when 5 and 6 are right-facing? It’s confusing because our minds don’t pay too much attention to orientation, and to get the alphabetic system right — we need to. If you're interested in learning more, check out these links: https://thepsychologist.bps.org.uk/volume-25/edition-10/mirror-writing https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1357650X.2018.1445748 DaVinci was also famously known for mirror writing: https://www.mos.org/leonardo/activities/mirror-writing Ancient languages can show how humans initially tried other methods that might have made more sense. For example, the ancient language of boustrophedon altered the direction of the letters and script every line – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boustrophedon Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1144 - The right way to play Monopoly

20 avril 2020

How do you win Monopoly? And how do you keep it fun at the same time? Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Is there a right way to play Monopoly? Brian Valentine takes a stab at the answer — he was the United States representative to the 2015 World Monopoly championships, where he earned a third-place finish. As the above video shows, playing Monopoly right involves learning the rules all over again, processing key strategies, and, above all, valuing the people you play it with. Valentine shares his knowledge about probability heat maps that show the likelihood of landing on a certain space, nuances of gameplay around houses and hotels, and even a few tips on making games fun instead of rancorous. Further reading There are tons of articles that break down the math of Monopoly. While it’s not the only ingredient to playing Monopoly right, it’s an important one. This Business Insider article by Walt Hickey is a great primer, and this Thrillist article by Daisy Barringer gives you even more tips. https://www.businessinsider.com/math-monopoly-statistics-2013-6 https://www.thrillist.com/entertainment/nation/how-to-win-at-monopoly-every-time-according-to-experts If you really want to go deep on Monopoly championships, check out the Fandom history, including Valentine’s appearance in 2015. https://monopoly-championship-history.fandom.com/wiki/MONOPOLY_Championship_History_Wiki Most top Monopoly players follow in the footsteps of Philip Orbanes, who’s written a few Monopoly books, including this guide. His general board game history book, The Game Makers, is a fun read (but not really about gameplay strategy). https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Monopoly_Companion.html?id=x42RxZP8VyMC https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Game_Makers.html?id=pxPgwAEACAAJ Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1145 - What face masks actually do against coronavirus

22 avril 2020

Face masks don't make you invincible. Support Vox by joining the Video Lab at http://vox.com/join or making a one-time contribution: http://vox.com/contribute The fight against coronavirus is global. But the guidelines on whether you should wear a face mask as part of that fight are often completely different from place to place. That means that, for a lot of people, whether you wear a face mask when you leave the house is basically up to you. Here’s where almost every expert agrees: If you have Covid-19, and you leave the house, you should wear a mask. Masks help keep sick people from spreading their germs. Most of the uncertainty around mask use is related to a totally separate question: Whether masks can protect healthy people from getting Covid-19. The truth is that no mask can actually guarantee that you won’t get sick; experts say one of the most dangerous assumptions about face masks is that they basically make you invincible. Masks have to be used correctly to offer any protection at all, and they’re most effective if used alongside other preventative measures like hand-washing and social distancing. But experts also say that the question of whether healthy people should wear masks is a lot easier to answer when you consider one of Covid-19’s most dangerous characteristics: Because of the disease’s long incubation period, and the high occurrence of infected people who never feel symptoms at all, it’s almost impossible to be completely sure that you don’t already have it. And that means the safest course of action is ultimately for everyone to behave like a sick person; in other words, to wear a mask. More of Vox.com's coverage of face masks: https://www.vox.com/2020/3/31/21198132/coronavirus-covid-face-masks-n95-respirator-ppe-shortage An in-depth explainer on viral respiratory particle behavior and covid-19 transmission: https://medium.com/@Cancerwarrior/covid-19-why-we-should-all-wear-masks-there-is-new-scientific-rationale-280e08ceee71 The US Center for Disease Control's current guidance on face masks: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/how-covid-spreads.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fcoronavirus%2F2019-ncov%2Fprepare%2Ftransmission.html An MIT disease transmission researcher's study on respiratory droplets and aerosols: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2763852 Ed Yong's great explainer on the confusion around face masks: https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2020/04/coronavirus-pandemic-airborne-go-outside-masks/609235/ For the full Schlieren mirror video from Bauhaus University, Weimar: https://vimeo.com/399120258 The World Health Organization's updated recommendations on face mask use: https://www.who.int/publications-detail/advice-on-the-use-of-masks-in-the-community-during-home-care-and-in-healthcare-settings-in-the-context-of-the-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov)-outbreak Our source for pre-symptomatic and asymptomatic cases: https://www.jhsph.edu/news/news-releases/2020/new-study-on-COVID-19-estimates-5-days-for-incubation-period.html The headline on this piece has been updated. Previous headline: Why you should wear a face mask to fight coronavirus Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1146 - How coronavirus charts can mislead us

28 avril 2020

How to read a popular chart of coronavirus cases by country. Support Vox by joining the Video Lab at http://vox.com/join or making a one-time contribution: http://vox.com/contribute Much of the data about the coronavirus epidemic and covid-19 is flawed. It is collected and reported in different ways by different countries, and almost certainly undercounts the number of cases and deaths. But organizations and journalists still need to report the available data to inform the public and help guide policymakers. Much of that data ends up in visualizations, like charts and maps, which can make it easier to understand and analyze. But it's important to know how the process of data visualization can shape our perception of the crisis. In this video, we deconstruct one particularly popular chart of covid-19 cases around the world which uses a logarithmic scale, and explain how to avoid being misled by it. Sources: https://ourworldindata.org/coronavirus#all-charts-preview http://91-divoc.com/pages/covid-visualization/ https://twitter.com/jburnmurdoch https://medium.com/@mettlinger/a-different-covid-19-graph-updated-and-revised-40f04b90c4e3 https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2020/3/13/21178289/confirmed-coronavirus-cases-us-countries-italy-iran-singapore-hong-kong https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html Read more about the Covid-19 coronavirus pandemic at http://vox.com/coronavirus How social distancing and “flattening the curve” works: http://bit.ly/3aOlHM8 12 things everyone needs to know about the coronavirus pandemic: https://bit.ly/2xYrW2x The differences in countries’ coronavirus death rates, explained: https://bit.ly/3bLGMaV How has the coronavirus pandemic impacted your life? Share to help Vox’s reporting: http://bit.ly/2vBunqA Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1148 - Why we're seeing mass layoffs in the US but not the UK

5 mai 2020

Tens of millions of Americans are out of work because of the coronavirus. But it didn't have to be that way -- and it's not too late for the US to change course. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Few Americans alive today have ever seen unemployment numbers as bad as they are right now. At the end of April 2020, economists estimated that between 13 and 18 percent of US workers were unemployed. It's the highest rate since the Great Depression. That figure can seem somewhat inevitable; the unfortunate but unavoidable cost of economic lockdown. It’s why, in response, Congress has prioritized shoring up unemployment insurance benefits. But a handful of European countries have shown that mass unemployment isn’t a given in a situation like this. It’s a policy choice. In this video, we explain how and why the UK, Denmark, and the Netherlands chose a different path. With the help of economist Heidi Shierholz of the Economic Policy Institute, we explore whether the US can still avoid millions more job losses. Sources/further reading: The Nordic Way to Economic Rescue (NYT): https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/28/business/nordic-way-economic-rescue-virus.html Keeping Business Alive: The Government as Buyer of Last Resort (Emmanuel Saez and Gabriel Zucman, UC Berkeley): http://gabriel-zucman.eu/files/coronavirus.pdf A ‘phase four’ relief and recovery package should provide economic assistance to state and local governments, extended unemployment benefits, and better protections for workers and jobs (Josh Bivens, Celine McNicholas, and Heidi Shierholz, Economic Policy Institute): https://www.epi.org/blog/a-phase-four-stimulus-package-should-provide-economic-assistance-to-state-and-local-governments-extended-unemployment-benefits-and-better-protections-for-workers-and-jobs/ Why Is America Choosing Mass Unemployment? (NYT): https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/26/opinion/covid-economy-unemployment-europe.html?action=click&module=RelatedLinks&pgtype=Article Coronavirus: Government to pay up to 80% of workers' wages (BBC): https://www.bbc.com/news/business-51982005 Social Security: Unemployment Insurance (VCU Social Welfare History Project): https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/social-security/social-security-unemployment-insurance/ The Unemployment Rate Is Probably Around 13 Percent (NYT): https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/03/upshot/coronavirus-jobless-rate-great-depression.html Jobless claims top 30 million as coronavirus continues to devastate economy (NBC News): https://www.nbcnews.com/business/economy/jobless-claims-top-30-million-coronavirus-continues-devastate-economy-n1196276 Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Check out our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Or our podcasts: https://www.vox.com/podcasts Follow Vox on Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H Or on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o

Épisode 1150 - Dr. Anthony Fauci, explained

12 mai 2020

Where Dr. Fauci came from — and the crisis that shaped his career. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Correction: At 4:28, a previous version of this video read "Federal Drug Administration." It should read "Food and Drug Administration." Dr. Anthony Fauci has become one of the most recognizable faces of the United States’ coronavirus response, as a member of the Coronavirus Task Force and director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. But it was an earlier crisis that shaped his career — and that’s crucial to understand his position today. As the above video shows, Dr. Fauci’s involvement in the AIDS crisis, from the virus’s discovery to the present day, has affected the course of his career and the way the disease is treated around the world. That history, in turn, informs how we learn about and treat the coronavirus today. In addition to scientific progress, AIDS also necessitated bureaucratic changes in the government response to the disease. By negotiating these challenges, Dr. Fauci secured his place in the public health system and changed how AIDS was treated. Further Reading: A topic as broad as the AIDS crisis, even narrowed to Dr. Fauci’s involvement, could have an endless reading list, from primary sources like ACT UP’s historical archive (https://actupny.org/documents/nyplPR.html) or one of Dr. Fauci’s early lectures on AIDs https://collections.nlm.nih.gov/catalog/nlm:nlmuid-101674642-vid. However, these books provide particularly useful context on a complex story. Against the Odds: The Story of of AIDS Drug Development, Politics, and Profits by Peter Arno and Karyn Feiden https://archive.org/details/againstodds00pete/page/258/mode/2up This book provides an exhaustive tour of the AIDS crisis from a drug research perspective, with extensive coverage of the NIH and FDA. Big Shot: Passion, Politics, and the Struggle for an AIDS Vaccine by Patricia Thomas https://archive.org/details/bigshotpassionpo00thom/ This book extends beyond the 1980s period covered in this video to explore the long search for an AIDS vaccine. It’s highly useful as a history of pharmaceutical and government efforts. How to Survive a Plague by David France https://www.google.com/books/edition/How_to_Survive_a_Plague/LIqxCwAAQBAJ This book, and the documentary of the same name, describe the activist history of the crisis with plenty of research into the government response. AIDS at 30: A History by Victoria Harden and Anthony A. Fauci https://www.google.com/books/edition/AIDS_at_30/QosAu8D4ELEC Written by a former NIH history director and Dr. Fauci, this is something like an “official” history of the AIDs crisis, from the beginning to the book’s 2012 publication date. Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1152 - The real story behind this war poster

20 mai 2020

Rosie the riveter is iconic. But what’s the real story behind the poster? Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO In this episode of Vox Almanac, Vox’s Phil Edwards explores the story behind the women riveters of World War II. During World War II, millions of women entered manufacturing and the workforce in general. How did the labor pool change so dramatically, so quickly? And how does it connect to the familiar poster of Rosie the riveter that people still love today? These riveters came from other industries and outside the workforce, guided with the help of private industry and some government agencies. The US Employment Service helped place men and women at wartime jobs, and the Women’s Bureau and War Manpower Commission helped find and train that labor. The traditional Rosie the riveter story is not without its omissions: white women benefited most from labor changes, and many of the riveters were already in the labor force before World War II began. But in a significant way, World War II did change work for women around the United States. Further Reading Karen Anderson’s Wartime Women (https://books.google.com/books/about/Wartime_Women.html?id=iSIqAAAAYAAJ) is the definitive book about Women’s Labor in World War II. It tells the story of the changing labor pool with extensive research into government, corporate, and union records. FRASER, the Federal Reserve’s Library, is one of the easiest places to find Women’s Bureau records and papers (it’s where the ones in this video were downloaded from). https://fraser.stlouisfed.org/author/united-states-women-s-bureau Creating Rosie the Riveter by Maureen Honey offers a peek into another aspect of wartime recruitment: propaganda distributed by the government to magazines and newspapers to promote the wartime agenda. https://books.google.com/books?id=3-OYWPKl-gUC&dq=riveters+world+war+ii&lr=&source=gbs_navlinks_s Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1153 - One reason why coronavirus hits Black people the hardest

22 mai 2020

Toxic air can weaponize the coronavirus. Become a Video Lab member! http://bit.ly/video-lab Across the US, black people are dying from Covid-19 at disproportionately high rates. While there are many different factors at play behind the stark racial disparities — there’s one possible reason that’s been lurking in the air for decades: pollution. The long history of segregation and housing discrimination has long put black people at greater risk of living near chemical plants, factories and highways, exposing them to higher levels of air pollutants. These pollutants have had a chronically negative impact on health, leading to conditions like hypertension and asthma. Now, those same diseases are associated with severe cases of Covid-19, and showing that where you live can determine whether you survive from Covid-19. Read the full study on air pollution exposure and Covid-19 mortality: https://projects.iq.harvard.edu/covid-pm Read the study on historic redlining and emergency room visits due to asthma: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanplh/article/PIIS2542-5196(19)30241-4/fulltext Read the study on Disparities in Distribution of Particulate Matter Emission Sources by Race and Poverty Status: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5844406/ To learn more about the experiences of residents in St. John the Baptist Parish, check out the Concerned Citizens of St. John website: https://www.ccosj.com/ To learn more about some of the air pollution risks in the Midwest, check out the Environmental Law & Policy Center: http://elpc.org/. They also run an air monitoring site for Chicago that highlights some of these disparities: https://airqualitychicago.org/ Read more about Cancer Alley from ProPublica/ The Times-Picayune and The Advocate: https://www.nola.com/news/environment/article_49fe4540-f74a-11e9-8d20-eb0f97323b91.html https://projects.propublica.org/louisiana-toxic-air/ And The Guardian: https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/ng-interactive/2019/may/06/cancertown-louisana-reserve-special-report A lot of our data comes from the National Air Toxics Assessment Cancer Risk map, which you can check out through the EPA: https://ejscreen.epa.gov/mapper/ The Covid Tracking Project also regularly compiles Covid-19 data on race: https://covidtracking.com/race Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1154 - The US tested the wrong people for coronavirus

23 mai 2020

And you can tell because of a number called the test positivity rate. Become a Video Lab member! http://bit.ly/video-lab As the rate of new coronavirus cases in the US slows down, many states and cities there are encouraging businesses to open again, easing the lockdowns that have been in place since March. But public health experts warn that in many of those places, opening up is premature. The reason is that throughout the US, as well as in many other countries, we still don’t really know how many people have the virus, or where they are. That’s dangerous because it means infected people who don’t feel sick are probably mingling with the rest of the population, which could enable further outbreaks. And the only way to really prevent that is by proactively testing people for covid-19 until the people who have it have been tracked down and isolated. The US started testing its population for covid-19 very slowly, but it’s since ramped testing up, and by early May was performing over 200,000 tests a day. Unfortunately, there’s no magic number of tests that is “enough” to contain an outbreak. The important thing is to test the right people — and to evaluate whether that’s happening, public health officials recommend looking at a different number: The percentage of tests coming back positive. It’s called the test positivity rate. Note: The headline on this piece has been updated. Previous headline: What the US needs to do to open up safely In a previous version of this video, the circles in the infographic at 5:50 and 6:20 were incorrectly sized. The error has been corrected. Sources: Our World in Data is a reliable source for country-by-country covid-19 data: https://ourworldindata.org/coronavirus-data-explorer?yScale=log&zoomToSelection=true&deathsMetric=true&dailyFreq=true&aligned=true&smoothing=7&country=USA+GBR+CAN+BRA+AUS+IND+ESP+DEU+FRA+RUS Our World in Data also has weekly-rolling test-positivity rate data which gives a better snapshot of where countries are currently at: https://ourworldindata.org/coronavirus-testing We based our state test-positivity rates on this May 6 Harvard Global Health Institute and NPR analysis: https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2020/05/07/851610771/u-s-coronavirus-testing-still-falls-short-hows-your-state-doing The Atlantic’s coverage of the importance of test-positivity rates: https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2020/04/us-coronavirus-outbreak-out-control-test-positivity-rate/610132/ An important disclaimer on potential inflation in testing numbers at the national and state level in the US: https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2020/05/cdc-and-states-are-misreporting-covid-19-test-data-pennsylvania-georgia-texas/611935/ Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1155 - What Bill Gates hopes we learn from coronavirus

26 mai 2020

Vox interviewed Bill Gates in 2015 about his fears of a global pandemic. Now that we’re living in that reality, what does he think comes next? Watch our 2015 interview with Bill Gates here: https://youtu.be/9AEMKudv5p0 This interview was conducted on April 25, 2020. You can listen to the rest of the interview on the Ezra Klein Show, available wherever you listen to podcasts, or read it here: https://bit.ly/2TCZx9O For more information on The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation’s efforts to fight coronavirus: https://bit.ly/3elJyog For more of our sources: The latest data on the pandemic around the world: https://ourworldindata.org/coronavirus WHO data on SARS’ spread: https://www.who.int/csr/sars/country/2003_07_11/en/ WHO MERS Case count: https://www.who.int/csr/don/07-july-2015-mers-korea/en/ For much more on the effectiveness on the USA’s efforts against HIV/AIDS in Africa, also known as PEPFAR, Dylan Matthews has written about it here: https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2018/12/12/18136716/pepfar-hiv-aids-trump-congress The specific research on PEPFAR’s effectiveness shown on screen is: https://med.stanford.edu/news/all-news/2012/05/740000-lives-saved-study-documents-benefits-of-aids-relief-program.html Archival footage of the United Nations from: https://archive.org/details/4077_United_Nations_and_World_Disputes And from the signing of the Bretton Woods agreement, ratifying the World Bank and IMF, via Getty Images. For more about about the Bretton Woods story: https://www.vox.com/2014/8/24/6057119/harry-dexter-white-ben-steil Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Check out our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Or our podcasts: https://www.vox.com/podcasts Follow Vox on Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H Or on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o

Épisode 1160 - The most urgent threat of deepfakes isn't politics

8 juin 2020

The real threat of deepfakes, explained with Kristen Bell. Join the Open Sourced Reporting Network: http://www.vox.com/opensourcednetwork Actress Kristen Bell first found out there were deepfake porn videos of her online from her husband, actor Dax Shepherd. In the videos, her face has been manipulated onto porn stars’ bodies. “I was just shocked,” the actress told Vox. “It's hard to think about that I'm being exploited.” And this isn’t only happening to celebrities. Noelle Martin, a recent law graduate in Perth, Australia, discovered that someone took photos she’d shared on social media and used them first to photoshop her face into nude images, and then to create deepfake videos. Deepfakes are often portrayed as a political threat — fake videos of politicians making comments they never made. But in a recent report, the research group Deeptrace found that 96% of deepfakes found online are pornographic. Of those videos, virtually all are of women. And virtually all are made without their consent. Sources: "The State of Deepfakes" https://deeptracelabs.com/resources/ Defining "Deepfake" https://www.theverge.com/2018/5/22/17380306/deepfake-definition-ai-manipulation-fake-news "Deepfakes and Cheapfakes: The Manipulation of Audio and Visual Evidence" https://datasociety.net/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/DS_Deepfakes_Cheap_FakesFinal-1.pdf "An Introduction to Neural Networks and Autoencoders" https://www.alanzucconi.com/2018/03/14/an-introduction-to-autoencoders/ "Deep Fakes: A Looming Challenge for Privacy, Democracy, and National Security" https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3213954 Open Sourced is a year-long reporting project from Recode by Vox that goes deep into the closed ecosystems of data, privacy, algorithms, and artificial intelligence. Learn more at http://www.vox.com/opensourced Join the Open Sourced Reporting Network: http://www.vox.com/opensourcednetwork This project is made possible by the Omidyar Network. All Open Sourced content is editorially independent and produced by our journalists. Watch all episodes of Open Sourced right here on YouTube: http://bit.ly/2tIHftD Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1161 - The eclipse photo that made Einstein famous

9 juin 2020

In 1919, a total solar eclipse helped redefine gravity. Thanks to Raycon for sponsoring this video. Check them out at http://buyraycon.com/vox Become a Video Lab member! http://bit.ly/video-lab Albert Einstein’s theory of general relativity, published in 1915, defined gravity as the influence of massive objects, like planets and stars, curving space around them. This was very different from the way Isaac Newton had defined gravity over 200 years earlier: Newton described an attracting force that kept planets and stars in orbit with each other. If Einstein was right, then light would also bend near massive objects. And in 1919, two British expeditions set out to test it by photographing a total solar eclipse. By comparing the position of stars with the sun in front of them and another with the sun elsewhere, Arthur Eddington and his team proved that the stars’ apparent positions moved during the eclipse. This was the first, but not the last time Einstein’s theory of general relativity was tested and proven, and Einstein became a celebrity overnight. He remained a pop culture icon for the rest of his life. Further reading: A determination of the deflection of light by the sun's gravitational field, from observations made at the total eclipse of May 29, 1919 (Dyson, Eddington, Davidson, 1920): http://w.astro.berkeley.edu/~kalas/labs/documents/dyson1920.pdf Eclipse 1919.org: https://eclipse1919.org/ Darkroom is a history and photography series that anchors each episode around a single image. Analyzing what the photo shows (or doesn't show) provides context that helps unravel a wider story. Watch previous episodes here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ddiOJLuu2mo&list=PLJ8cMiYb3G5ce8J4P5j5qOEtYR94Z3DQs Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1162 - Why it's so hard to get unemployment benefits

10 juin 2020

It's not the computers. It's the politicians behind them. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Millions of Americans across the country have lost their jobs. But whether or not those people can get the unemployment benefits they deserve actually depends on where they live. In some states, more than two thirds of jobless people typically collect unemployment benefits. But in others, like Florida, fewer than one in 10 unemployed people get those benefits. That massive difference has often been blamed on technology; Florida’s unemployment system is notoriously difficult to use. But technology doesn’t build itself. The real explanation requires a look at the ideology of the people who did. Sources/further reading: Ain’t No Sunshine: Fewer than One in Eight Unemployed Workers In Florida Is Receiving Unemployment Insurance (National Employment Law Project, 2015) https://s27147.pcdn.co/wp-content/uploads/Aint-No-Sunshine-Florida-Unemployment-Insurance.pdf Long Lines for Unemployment: How Did We Get Here and What Do We Do Now? (National Employment Law Project, April 2020) https://s27147.pcdn.co/wp-content/uploads/Long-Lines-Unemployment.pdf Reemployment Assistance Claims and Benefits Information System (State of Florida Auditor General, March 2019) https://flauditor.gov/pages/pdf_files/2019-183.pdf The Automation of State Unemployment Systems (Corporate Cost Control, 2014) https://www.corporatecostcontrol.com/2014/09/09/whats-new-the-automation-of-state-unemployment-systems/ Florida blames troubled unemployment website entirely on vendor; feds heading here to help (Tampa Bay Times, 2014) https://www.tampabay.com/news/business/feds-heading-to-florida-to-help-fix-troubled-unemployment-website/2161122/ Not all unemployed people get unemployment benefits; in some states, very few do (Pew Research Center, April 2020) https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2020/04/24/not-all-unemployed-people-get-unemployment-benefits-in-some-states-very-few-do/ Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1163 - The 1850s map that changed how we fight outbreaks

12 juin 2020

It all starts with a pump. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO In this episode of Vox Almanac, Vox’s Phil Edwards explores Dr. John Snow’s map of the Broad Street Pump, which changed epidemiology forever. In 1854, news spread about a mysterious new cholera outbreak in London. At the time, doctors and scientists largely believed the disease traveled in a “miasma” — a floating cloud of sickness. Dr. John Snow suspected bad water might actually be the agent of transmission — and he wanted to prove it in time to stop the outbreak. Through a mix of personal interviews, clever detective work, and data analysis that included tables and a famous map, Snow managed to stop the outbreak and convince local public health officials, eventually, that cholera could be transmitted through water, not a miasma. Since his breakthrough study, the map has become an iconic piece of epidemiological history, as an illustration of keen detective work, analysis, and visual representation with a map that, even today, tells a story. Watch the above video to learn more. Further Reading: Cholera, chloroform, and the science of medicine : a life of John Snow https://archive.org/details/cholerachlorofor00pete This lengthy academic study of John Snow’s life and work follows his career as a pioneering anesthesiologist as well as his work on cholera. It clears up a lot of misconceptions about his influence and work and gives you a bit of a picture of snow as a person (he was a teetotaler and vegetarian — both unusual for the time). Cartographies of disease : maps, mapping, and medicine https://archive.org/details/cartographiesofd0000koch/page/100/mode/2up Tom Koch’s history of disease mapping is a great overview of the discipline. It shows how the practice existed before Snow, how Snow’s map changed and influenced the field (and how it didn’t), and how far disease mapping has come since. Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1167 - Why all Americans should honor Juneteenth

19 juin 2020

An historian explains the history and significance of the holiday. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Note: This video was previously titled, "Juneteenth, explained." The title has been changed to better reflect the video's content. When American schoolchildren learn about chattel slavery in the US, we’re often told it ended with Abraham Lincoln’s signature on the Emancipation Proclamation of 1863. But, as late as June 19, 1865, enslaved people in Texas were still held in bondage. On that date, the Federal troops entered the state and began to punish slave holders and former confederates who refused to obey the law. “Juneteenth is a deeply emotional moment for enslaved people,” says historian Karlos K. Hill, of the University of Oklahoma. In Texas and across the country, emancipated African Americans began celebrating annually, with parades, concerts, and picnics. “Being able to go wherever they want and being able to wander about; for enslaved people, it was an expression of their freedom,” says Hill. “Formerly enslaved people celebrating, in public, their newfound freedom, was an act of resistance.” However, by 1877, the Federal government had largely abandoned the South. The lynching era— when hundreds of African Americans were killed by white mobs each year across the North and the South— began soon after. Today, Dr. Hill says, commemorating Juneteenth is important for all Americans because it helps us see all the ways that slavery still shapes this country, including, as he says, “the desire to master and dominate black bodies.” Sources/further reading Why celebrating Juneteenth is more important now than ever (P.R. Lockhart, Vox, 2018) https://www.vox.com/identities/2018/6/19/17476482/juneteenth-holiday-emancipation-african-american-celebration-history The Impact of Lynching on Black Culture and Memory: The Impact of Lynching on Black Culture and Memory (Karlos K. Hill, Cambridge University Press, 2016) The Murder of Emmett Till: A Graphic History (Karlos K. Hill and Dave Dodson, Cambridge University Press, 2020) Lynching in America: Confronting the Legacy of Racial Terror (Equal Justice Initiative, 2017) https://eji.org/reports/lynching-in-america/ The National Museum of African American History and Culture— online collection: https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/collection Portraits of African American ex-slaves from the U.S. Works Progress Administration, Federal Writers’ Project slave narratives collections (Library of Congress) https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2001696353/ Voices Remembering Slavery: Freed People Tell Their Stories (Library of Congress) https://www.loc.gov/collections/voices-remembering-slavery/ Born in Slavery: Slave Narratives from the Federal Writers’ Project, 1936 to 1938 (Library of Congress) https://www.loc.gov/collections/slave-narratives-from-the-federal-writers-project-1936-to-1938/ African American Spirituals (Library of Congress) https://www.loc.gov/item/ihas.200197495/ Florida Memory: State Library and Archives of Florida https://floridamemory.com/ New Georgia Encyclopedia (Georgia Humanities) https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/ Austin History Center General Collection Photographs in The Portal to Texas History. University of North Texas Libraries. https://texashistory.unt.edu/explore/collections/AHCP/ Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1168 - Why locusts are descending on East Africa

24 juin 2020

This video is sponsored by ExpressVPN. To find out how to get three months free, click here: http://ExpressVPN.com/Vox In a region where food is already scarce, billions of insects are now eating everything in sight. Become a Video Lab member! http://bit.ly/video-lab Since late 2019, East Africa and the Middle East have been experiencing their worst locust outbreaks in decades. A small locust swarm can eat more food than 35,000 people; but some locust swarms in the area have grown to over two thousand times that size. And it’s all coming right on the heels of a season of catastrophic flooding in the region. But that isn’t a coincidence: The desert locust thrives when dry weather turns wet. And in 2018 and 2019, a series of freak weather events brought record-setting rainfall to the Middle East and East Africa. The result of all this is a region at risk of a famine, in the middle of a pandemic. And because freak weather is a hallmark of climate change, it’s also the kind of thing we can expect to happen again. Further reading / watching: Read Vox.com science reporter Umair Irfan’s article on the locust outbreak: https://www.vox.com/2020/5/20/21158283/locust-plague-swarm-outbreak-africa-asia-2020 One of the things that helped prime the region for locusts was an unusually strong Indian Ocean Dipole. Watch our piece about that here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RYX9ahqceAI For more information on the locust upsurge, see the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization’s website: http://www.fao.org/ag/locusts/en/info/info/986/index.html And this FAO press conference from February helped me answer a lot of the questions in this piece: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3HEKBAack9g Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1171 - What "defund the police" really means

26 juin 2020

It's not as radical as it sounds. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Among those protesting police brutality in the US, there is a slogan that’s taken hold: “defund the police.” The key idea is a push to move the billions of dollars we spend on police in the US, to social services and other public spending. The disparities between policing budgets and those of other city agencies are massive. And while defunding the police might sound radical, it’s a policy activists have been talking about for decades. For some, it can mean reforms that simply lessen the police role in society, while for others — the slogan is a call to abolish the system and create something new entirely. These ideas have all converged into the popular “defund the police” slogan, and the renewed energy around the movement is working. For further reading: https://www.vox.com/21291901/nypd-billion-de-blasio-defund-police-reform https://www.vox.com/2020/6/23/21299118/defunding-the-police-minneapolis-budget-george-floyd https://populardemocracy.org/news/publications/freedom-thrive-reimagining-safety-security-our-communities https://www.urban.org/policy-centers/cross-center-initiatives/state-and-local-finance-initiative/state-and-local-backgrounders/police-and-corrections-expenditures Sources: NYC budget: https://www1.nyc.gov/assets/omb/downloads/pdf/erc4-20.pdf Chicago budget: https://www.chicago.gov/content/dam/city/depts/obm/supp_info/2020Budget/2020BUDGETORDINANCE.pdf On arrest numbers in the US: https://www.vera.org/publications/arrest-trends-every-three-seconds-landing/arrest-trends-every-three-seconds/overview ACLU report on police in schools: https://www.aclu.org/issues/juvenile-justice/school-prison-pipeline/cops-and-no-counselors Body camera research: https://bwc.thelab.dc.gov/TheLabDC_MPD_BWC_Working_Paper_10.20.17.pdf Memphis data: https://crime-data-explorer.fr.cloud.gov/explorer/agency/TNMPD0000/pe Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1172 - Why the US has so many Filipino nurses

29 juin 2020

The US colonized a country and built a labor supply. Become a Video Lab member! http://bit.ly/video-lab Filipino nurses have been disproportionately affected by the coronavirus in the US. That’s because they make up an outsized portion of the nursing workforce. About one-third of all foreign-born nurses in the US are Filipino. Since 1960, 150,000 Filipino nurses have come to work in the US. And that’s because over the past century the US built a pipeline that draws nurses from the Philippines every time it faces a shortage. This system began in the early 20th century when the US invaded and colonized the Philippines and lives on through today. To understand the long history behind the large presence of Filipino nurses in the US and how and why it continues to this very day, watch the video above. And let us know what you think in the comments! If you want to learn more, here are some additional resources you can check out: For a more in-depth look at the toll the coronavirus is taking on Filipino nurses check out the ProPublica piece ““Similar to Times of War”: The Staggering Toll of COVID-19 on Filipino Health Care Workers” https://www.propublica.org/article/similar-to-times-of-war-the-staggering-toll-of-covid-19-on-filipino-health-care-workers To browse more archive images of Filipino nurses check out this great digital exhibit by Ren Capucao, who was our main source of archival images for this video: https://uva.digication.com/ren.capucao/exhibition If you want to learn more about the history of Filipino nurses and the US check out this article by Catherine Ceniza Choy, featured in our video: https://www.zocalopublicsquare.org/2019/09/30/why-are-there-so-many-filipino-nurses-in-california/ideas/essay/ If you want to go even deeper, here is her book-length study “Empire of Care”: https://www.dukeupress.edu/empire-of-care To understand the colonial history of the Philippines, that starts well before the US invasion, with the Spanish colonization in the 16th century, you can start here: https://www.asianstudies.org/publications/eaa/archives/the-philippines-an-overview-of-the-colonial-era/ To get a snapshot of the crucial role immigrant health care workers play in staffing the US health care system, here’s a study filled with insightful data by the Migration Policy Institute: https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/immigrant-health-care-workers-united-states And for anyone looking to dig deeper into Filipino American history in the US, here is a link to the Filipino American National Historical Society: http://fanhs-national.org/filam/ Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1173 - A brief history of police impunity in Black deaths

30 juin 2020

Black Americans are more likely to be killed by police. The police are rarely held accountable. Become a Video Lab member! http://bit.ly/video-lab On May 25, 2020, Minneapolis police officers killed an unarmed black man named George Floyd. After video of Floyd’s death spread on the internet, protesters filled the streets across the US, demanding an end to police brutality and a reckoning with the unequal treatment of Black Americans, but also with another, more direct demand: That his killers be punished. Until recent years, there was no reliable data on how many people in the US were killed by police every year, or on the legal outcomes of those killings. But data collected by the Mapping Police Violence project provides some answers, including one that has held steady every year for which we have data: Police are almost never charged with killing someone, and are even less often convicted. The data shows that less than 3% of police killings lead to the officer being charged with a crime, and fewer than 1% of them result in a conviction, and that these rates are the same regardless of the victim’s race. But it also shows that a Black American is three times more likely to be killed by police than a white American. Here’s Mapping Police Violence’s data, which we rely on throughout the video: https://mappingpoliceviolence.org/ The Washington Post also keeps a record of deaths caused by police shootings, which had similar findings: https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/investigations/police-shootings-database/ An interview with a historian on the history on police brutality: https://www.vox.com/2020/6/6/21280643/police-brutality-violence-protests-racism-khalil-muhammad Vox also interviewed experts on ways to reform American policing: https://www.vox.com/2020/6/1/21277013/police-reform-policies-systemic-racism-george-floyd The headline for this video has been updated, it was changed from: A timeline of 1,944 Black Americans killed by police. Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1174 - How humans are making pandemics more likely

7 juillet 2020

It’s never been easier for animal pathogens to spill over into humans. Become a Video Lab member! http://bit.ly/video-lab Over the last 40 years, disease outbreaks among humans have become more and more frequent. The majority of those diseases are zoonoses, or diseases that originated in animals, like Ebola, West Nile virus, and probably Covid-19. But what makes zoonotic outbreaks likelier than ever is actually something humans are doing. According to science journalist Sonia Shah, author of the 2017 book "Pandemic," the expansion of humans onto more and more of the planet’s land has increased the likelihood of disease outbreaks in two ways. First, as humans move into what were once animal habitats, we end up living closer to animals that might contain dangerous pathogens; and second, as we destroy or alter animal habitats, we’re driving away or killing off animals that once served as a “firewall” between those pathogens and us. And the human land development driving this trend shows no signs of stopping. Correction: At 4:28 and 4:49 we mistakenly depict the European robin. The species actually responsible for the spread of West Nile virus in North America is the American robin. Further reading: Vox’s Sigal Samuel interviews Sonia Shah: https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2020/3/31/21199917/coronavirus-covid-19-animals-pandemic-environment-climate-biodiversity Sonia Shah’s book Pandemic: Tracking Contagions, from Cholera to Ebola and Beyond http://soniashah.com/pandemic-the-book/ The World Health Organization’s retrospective on the 2014 Ebola outbreak: https://www.who.int/csr/disease/ebola/ebola-6-months/guinea/en/ World Wildlife Fund 2018 Living Planet Report: https://c402277.ssl.cf1.rackcdn.com/publications/1187/files/original/LPR2018_Full_Report_Spreads.pdf Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1176 - Why scientists are so worried about this glacier

13 juillet 2020

It's at the heart of Antarctica and on the verge of collapse. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Man-made climate change is warming the planet's atmosphere and oceans, and the effects are being felt the most at the poles. In Antarctica, home to the largest chunk of ice on earth, ice shelves and glaciers are beginning to collapse, and one in particular could spell disaster. The Thwaites Glacier, in West Antarctica, has retreated more than 14 kilometers in the last two decades as warm ocean water undermines it. The glacier is situated on a downward slope that falls deep into the center of Antarctica. It's why scientists are racing to find out how close it is to total collapse - and what that would mean for future sea levels. Further Reading: The Doomsday Glacier, Rolling Stone Magazine: https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-features/the-doomsday-glacier-113792/ The Race to Understand Antarctica's Most Terrifying Glacier, Wired: https://www.wired.com/story/antarctica-thwaites-glacier-breaking-point/ Into the Thaw, PRI https://www.pri.org/categories/thaw-decoding-thwaites-glacier International Thwaites Glacier Collaboration: https://thwaitesglacier.org/ Dustin Schroeder, Stanford University: https://earth.stanford.edu/people/dustin-schroeder Sridhar Anandakrishnan, Penn State University https://www.geosc.psu.edu/academic-faculty/anandakrishnan-sridhar Vox Atlas demonstrates where conflicts occur on a map and the ways in which foreign policy shapes a region. Watch all the episodes here: http://bit.ly/2SThVsf Make sure you never miss behind-the-scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter. Sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1177 - The fight for America's 51st state, explained

17 juillet 2020

Washington, DC is closer than ever to becoming a state. Could it actually happen? Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO On June 26, 2020, the US House of Representatives voted to make America’s capital city, Washington, DC, the country’s 51st state. It was a historic vote, and the closest the country has come to adding a new state in over 60 years. But it was also, for the time being, completely symbolic. Because at least in 2020, DC has no chance of actually becoming a state. That June 26 vote was almost entirely along party lines; Democrats mostly voted in favor of DC statehood, and Republicans against it. That’s because making DC a state would give the Democrats additional seats in Congress, potentially affecting the balance of power between the parties. It’s why President Trump and the Republican-controlled Senate have both promised to strike down any bid for DC statehood. And in fact, statehood in the US has always been a political issue. In the past, the US has often added states in pairs to preserve the political balance. Admitting a new state on its own has happened, but it’s unusual. But the case for DC statehood is strong: The city has a similar population to several states, its hundreds of thousands of residents lack any say in national lawmaking, and its local government is uniquely vulnerable to being strong-armed by Congress and the federal government. Simply put, the laws that created the district did not anticipate that it would one day be a major city. And while in 1993, the last time Congress voted on DC statehood, the Democratic-controlled House failed to pass it, today’s Democratic Party is increasingly on board with it. If 2020’s election puts the Democrats in full control of the federal government, America might actually get its 51st state. Further reading: More on how the US has added new states in the past: https://www.vox.com/the-highlight/2019/9/18/20863026/dc-statehood-george-floyd-puerto-rico-statehood What it would take for DC to become a state: https://www.vox.com/2020/6/22/21293168/dc-statehood-vote-filibuster-supreme-court-joe-biden How Congress has interfered with DC: https://www.dcvote.org/ending-congressional-interference And a history of why the idea of a federal district is written in the constitution: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/reference/united-states-history/why-washington-dc-not-state-started-drunken-mob/ Note: The headline on this piece has been updated. Previous headline: Why Washington, DC isn't a state Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1178 - How slow motion works

23 juillet 2020

This video is sponsored by Raycon. To get 15% off, click here: http://buyraycon.com/vox Slow motion is a key part of modern visual culture, from iPhone selfies to movies. So how does it work? Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO In this episode of Vox Almanac, Vox’s Phil Edwards explores how slow motion works and how it became a part of movie history. It’s a history that starts at the very beginning of photography, when pioneers like Étienne-Jules Marey and Eadweard Muybridge discovered that capturing images required capturing motion, too. Slow motion was key in the silent film days, in which camera operators would overcrank their cameras (slowing down footage) or undercrank (speeding it up). These experiments could range from goofy to dreamy. Soon after the addition of sound, Hollywood embraced a standard speed for movies — and slow motion became an even more important tool. As the video shows, it showed up in sports reels, movie musicals, and artsy French dramas. And before long, it was part of the action movie landscape too, from Seven Samurai to Bonnie and Clyde. Today, we take for granted that slow motion is one of the available tools to moviemakers, whether they’re working on an iPhone or a Hollywood set. And it probably won’t stop anytime soon. Further reading This issue of American Cinematographer is a time capsule look at the adoption of the key sound film technology used in early movies, Vitaphone. https://archive.org/details/americancinemato07amer/page/n37/mode/2up?q=24 Most academic writing that touches on slow-mo focuses on individual filmmakers, like this essay by scholar Ludovic Cortade. https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n14t.13?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents Finally, if you really want to nerd out on film history, this is a copy of the Transactions of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers, in which they started developing a frame rate standard and discussed synchronization of sound and film. https://archive.org/details/transactionsofso29soci/page/294/ Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1179 - The most notorious act of protest for women’s suffrage

24 juillet 2020

In 1913, suffragette Emily Davison disrupted a major horse race in the name of winning British women the vote. Become a Video Lab member! http://bit.ly/video-lab British suffragettes in the early 20th century used spectacle and drama to draw attention to their fight to win women the vote. They delivered public speeches, marched, displayed colorful banners, and got thrown in jail, all in an effort to pressure legislators to extend suffrage to women. But after a violent clash with police in November 1910 — a day known as “Black Friday” — their tactics changed. They began committing random acts of property damage: smashing windows, setting fire to buildings, even destroying fine art on public display. The most radical act of destruction came in 1913, when militant suffragette Emily Wilding Davison threw herself under King George V’s racehorse at a major public event. She died of her injuries and became a suffragette martyr. Ultimately, her funeral procession ended up being one of the largest, and last, major demonstrations by the militant suffragettes. World War I interrupted their protests, and women over 30 won the vote in 1918, when the war ended. If you or someone you know is considering self-harm, please seek help through the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 1-800-273-8255. Note: The headline for this piece has been updated. Previous title: How British suffragettes fought for the vote Darkroom is a history and photography series that anchors each episode around a single image. Analyzing what the photo shows (or doesn't show) provides context that helps unravel a wider story. Watch previous episodes here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ddiOJLuu2mo&list=PLJ8cMiYb3G5ce8J4P5j5qOEtYR94Z3DQs Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1181 - Facebook showed this ad to 95% women. Is that a problem?

31 juillet 2020

How algorithmic ad targeting can segregate us. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Check out our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Or our podcasts: https://www.vox.com/podcasts Follow Vox on Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H Or on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o In 2019, Facebook settled a lawsuit with civil rights groups following the revelation that advertisers using their platform could use the targeting options to exclude many specific demographics from seeing their ads. It's now more difficult for an unscrupulous advertiser to use Facebook's platform to discriminate. However, even when you remove human bias from the system, Facebook's ad delivery algorithms can result in biased outcomes. According to research from Northeastern University, Facebook sometimes displays ads to highly skewed audiences based on the content of the ad. By purchasing ads and inputting neutral targeting options, the researchers found that the algorithmically determined audience for job ads for cleaners, secretaries, nurses, and preschool teachers was mostly women. The job ads for fast food workers, supermarket cashiers, and taxi drivers skewed toward Black users. The studies show that by targeting "relevant" users, these systems can reinforce existing disparities in our interests and our opportunities. Sources: Discrimination through optimization: How Facebook's ad delivery can lead to skewed outcomes. https://arxiv.org/abs/1904.02095 Ad Delivery Algorithms: The Hidden Arbiters of Political Messaging https://arxiv.org/pdf/1912.04255.pdf HUD v. Facebook https://www.hud.gov/sites/dfiles/Main/documents/HUD_v_Facebook.pdf ProPublica: Facebook Ads can still discriminate against women and older workers https://www.propublica.org/article/facebook-ads-can-still-discriminate-against-women-and-older-workers-despite-a-civil-rights-settlement Facebook: Doing More to Protect Against Discrimination in Housing, Employment and Credit Advertising https://about.fb.com/news/2019/03/protecting-against-discrimination-in-ads/ https://www.facebook.com/business/news/good-questions-real-answers-how-does-facebook-use-machine-learning-to-deliver-ads/ Facebook: How Does Facebook Use Machine Learning to Deliver Ads? https://www.facebook.com/business/news/good-questions-real-answers-how-does-facebook-use-machine-learning-to-deliver-ads/ Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com

Épisode 1183 - The British Museum is full of stolen artifacts

5 août 2020

And so far, it isn't giving them back. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Some of the world’s greatest cultural and historical treasures are housed in London’s British Museum, and a significant number of them were taken during Britain’s centuries-long imperial rule. In recent years, many of the countries missing their cultural heritage have been asking for some of these items back. Benin City in Nigeria is one of those places. They've been calling for the return of the Benin Bronzes, hundreds of artifacts looted in 1897 when British soldiers embarked a punitive expedition to Benin. Many are now housed in the British Museum. And it's just the beginning. As the world reckons with the damage inflicted during Europe’s colonial global takeover, the calls for these items to be returned are getting louder and louder. To dig deeper into the 1897 Benin Punitive Expedition and the Benin Bronzes check out this book by Staffan Lunden: https://www.academia.edu/28886529/Displaying_Loot_The_Benin_objects_and_the_British_Museum And this article in the Journal of African History by Philip A. Igbafe: https://www.jstor.org/stable/180345?read-now=1&refreqid=excelsior%3A69638cc5f42d6c393bf469be14e6748f&seq=1 For more information on the two Benin Bronzes returned by Mark Walker, check out this piece by The Guardian: https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2019/dec/17/soldiers-grandson-to-return-items-looted-from-benin-city-nigeria Here are some links to learn more about the other contested items on the British Museum’s “Don’t Miss List” we reference in the video: Greece seeks return of Parthenon Marbles amid restoration project https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/07/greece-seeks-return-parthenon-marbles-restoration-project-200726142211780.html Egypt called; it wants its Rosetta Stone back https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=131309154 Easter Islanders call for return of statue from British Museum https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2019/jun/04/easter-islanders-call-for-return-of-statue-from-british-museum Tajik leader wants treasure from British Museum https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-tajikistan-britain/tajik-leader-wants-treasure-from-british-museum-idUKL0521097620070405 Lastly, here is an opinion piece by prominent lawyer Geoffrey Robertson arguing why the pieces should be returned: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/nov/04/british-museum-is-worlds-largest-receiver-of-stolen-goods-says-qc And here is another opinion piece by author Tiffany Jenkins arguing why the pieces should stay in Western museums: https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2018/nov/25/benin-bronzes-why-western-museums-should-keep-treasures Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1186 - The risky way to speed up a coronavirus vaccine

12 août 2020

A Covid-19 vaccine could take a long time. Some scientists are proposing a controversial plan that could get us one faster. Become a Video Lab member! http://bit.ly/video-lab With thousands of people dying of Covid-19 every day, the sooner a vaccine can be deemed safe and effective, the better. But vaccine development is a lengthy process that isn’t easy to rush, and that’s in part because of the final step in testing any vaccine: the phase III trial. Phase III requires tens of thousands of volunteers, each of whom get either a placebo or an experimental vaccine. The problem is the next part: Vaccine developers have to wait until a statistically significant number of them, going about their lives normally, eventually get naturally infected. This can take years. To speed that up, some epidemiologists and scientists are calling for something called a human challenge trial, in which a subject who has been given the vaccine is deliberately infected. This isn’t a new concept; human challenge trials have been used to develop vaccines or treatments for lots of diseases, like cholera, typhoid, malaria, influenza, and common cold viruses. But what sets Covid-19 apart from those diseases is that it currently has no effective treatment. Because it’s so new, we also aren’t fully aware of its long-term health effects. Unlike other human challenge trials, a Covid-19 challenge trial would entail a risk of serious illness — and even death. It’s because of those risks that a Covid-19 challenge trial would be limited to the young and healthy, who would be at the lowest risk of harm. But there are questions beyond the ethics. Would artificially infecting someone in a lab setting provide useful information on how to prevent natural infection? Would a study performed on only young and healthy people produce a vaccine that works for everyone? And with some vaccines already far along in their phase III trials, would a human challenge trial do any good at this point? Even though no Covid-19 human challenge trials are currently planned, more than 30,000 people from nearly 150 countries have already said they would volunteer for one if the opportunity presented itself. The question is, should we let them? Note: The headline on this piece has been updated. Previous headline: Would you volunteer to get Covid-19? Further reading: 1DaySooner is the grassroots organization recruiting volunteers for the possibility of a human challenge trial: https://1daysooner.org/ For more of Vox’s coverage on human challenge studies: https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2020/5/20/21258725/covid-19-human-challenge-trials-vaccine-update-sars-cov-2 For more on the ethical and acceptance concerns with vaccine development: https://medium.com/oxford-university/challenging-circumstances-we-need-international-guidelines-for-human-infection-studies-688051c869f9 For a history of challenge studies for other diseases: https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/05/studies-intentionally-infect-people-disease-causing-bugs-are-rise For coverage of the typhoid vaccine we mention in the video: https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/28/health/typhoid-vaccine-trial.html For coverage of Oxford University’s statement on human challenge trials: https://www.theguardian.com/science/2020/jul/16/coronavirus-vaccine-oxford-team-volunteers-lab-controlled-human-challenge-trial Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1188 - The next pandemic could come from our farms

18 août 2020

We've engineered the perfect environment for deadly new germs. Become a Video Lab member! http://bit.ly/video-lab In the last half-century, the global production of meat has undergone a seismic shift. While meat was once mostly raised on small farms, today almost all the meat we eat comes from industrialized “factory” farms, known as “concentrated animal feeding operations,” or CAFOs. Animals in CAFOs are often packed closely together, which makes them both efficient and, for many, ethically dubious. But infectious disease experts worry about CAFOs for a different reason: Because they’re also an ideal environment for virus and bacteria mutations that human immune systems have never seen. In other words, they’re a highly likely source for the next pandemic. You can read more about the pathogen risks in factory farming at Vox.com: https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2020/4/22/21228158/coronavirus-pandemic-risk-factory-farming-meat A deeper look at the threat of antibiotic resistant bacteria: https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2019/5/7/18535480/drug-resistance-antibiotics-un-report Further reading on how RNA virus reassortment works: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5119462/ Martha Nelson's study tracking the origins of the 2009 H1N1 virus: https://elifesciences.org/articles/16777 Read more about the sources of meat produced around the world from the Sentience Institute: https://www.sentienceinstitute.org/global-animal-farming-estimates The US Center for Disease Control's timeline of the H1N1 pandemic: https://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/cdcresponse.htm A hopeful look at where factory farming might be headed in the US: https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2019/12/20/21028200/factory-farms-abuse-workers-animals-and-the-environment-cory-booker-has-a-plan-to-stop-them Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1190 - When voting rights didn't protect all women

26 août 2020

The suffrage movement didn’t protect all women’s right to vote. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO On this landmark 100th anniversary of women’s suffrage, historians Martha S. Jones and Daina Ramey Berry reflect on what the 19th Amendment means for Black American women. The women’s suffrage movement was a predominantly white cause, one that sacrificed the involvement of Black suffragists in return for support for the 19th Amendment from Southern states. The 1920 legislation enfranchised all American women, but it left Black women, particularly those living in the South, to fight racial discrimination when registering to vote and going to the polls. It wasn’t until the Voting Rights Act of 1965 that this type of racial discrimination was prohibited by federal law. The voting rights fight is still not over, however. There’s evidence that restrictions to voting disproportionately affect minority populations — measures like voter ID laws, voting purges, gerrymandering, and closing polling locations. The headline to this video has been changed. Previously it was titled: The myth of the 19th amendment For more of Vox’s coverage on the anniversary of the 19th Amendment: https://www.vox.com/2020/8/18/21358913/19th-amendment-ratified-anniversary-women-suffrage-vote https://www.vox.com/21356259/19th-amendment-suffragists-alice-paul-pankhursts https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/21364998/19th-amendment-women-equal-pay-economy-poverty-maternity-leave For Martha S. Jones’s forthcoming book on Black women’s voting rights fight: https://www.basicbooks.com/titles/martha-s-jones/vanguard/9781541618619/ For Daina Ramey Berry’s book on African American’s women’s history: http://www.beacon.org/A-Black-Womens-History-of-the-United-States-P1524.aspx For a piece on the importance of photography for Black suffragists: https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/12/arts/19th-amendment-black-womens-suffrage-photos.html Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1191 - The problem with banning TikTok

29 août 2020

TikTok’s in trouble. But so is the internet as we know it. Join the Open Sourced Reporting Network: http://www.vox.com/opensourcednetwork Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO On August 6, President Trump issued an executive order prohibiting transactions with the video-sharing app TikTok. His order said that because TikTok is owned by the Beijing-based company ByteDance, the app could pose national security and privacy risks to users in the US. But the Trump administration’s targeting of TikTok marks a departure from America’s traditional position on internet governance and online free speech. And it also comes at a time when the concept of a global internet itself is under threat. Today a growing number of countries are pursuing various forms of internet sovereignty — from Russia building a walled-off “intranet,” to India regularly shutting down its internet in areas of social unrest, to some European nations introducing a “right to be forgotten” from search engines. All these trends point in the direction of a “splinternet,” where your experience of the internet increasingly depends on where you live, and the whims of the ruling parties there. As we explain in this video, that’s a tough environment for an app like TikTok, which became globally successful almost immediately, and which connects people from around the world in hyper-personalized but often international subcultures. With the excesses of the open internet visible daily (see: foreign election interference, data breaches, misinformation and hate speech, and domestic and corporate surveillance), the countries that do support a free internet will have to work hard to secure its future. But they may have to do it without the United States. Open Sourced is a year-long reporting project from Recode by Vox that goes deep into the closed ecosystems of data, privacy, algorithms, and artificial intelligence. Learn more at http://www.vox.com/opensourced This project is made possible by the Omidyar Network. All Open Sourced content is editorially independent and produced by our journalists. Watch all episodes of Open Sourced right here on YouTube: http://bit.ly/2tIHftD Become a part of the Open Sourced Reporting Network and help our reporting. Join here: http://www.vox.com/opensourcednetwork Sources: https://www.eugenewei.com/blog/2020/8/3/tiktok-and-the-sorting-hat https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3664027 https://www.newamerica.org/cybersecurity-initiative/reports/digital-deciders/ https://turner.substack.com/p/the-rise-of-tiktok-and-understanding https://stratechery.com/2020/the-tiktok-war/ https://www.lawfareblog.com/unpacking-tiktok-mobile-apps-and-national-security-risks https://www.ft.com/content/6a1b9b4d-ddbc-4b62-9101-221510fb7b45 https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20190514-the-global-internet-is-disintegrating-what-comes-next https://www.accessnow.org/cms/assets/uploads/2020/02/KeepItOn-2019-report-1.pdf Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1192 - What Black Lives Matter means to an 11-year-old

31 août 2020

Eleven-year-old Jolia Bossette on being a Black kid in America. Welcome to our first-ever week of programming for kids! The killings of George Floyd, Breonna Taylor, and hundreds of other Black Americans at the hands of police officers have inspired protests across the country and around the world. The news coverage has been impossible for most of us to ignore, and it begs the question: How are kids, especially Black kids, processing this reality? How do they make sense of these deaths and the systemic factors that made them possible? In June of 2020,11-year-old Californian Jolia Bossette decided to use her fifth-grade graduation speech as an occasion to give voice to her thoughts and feelings. In her speech, she reminisced about how she was "the cutest thing," as a toddler and asked, "But when did I stop being cute and start being scary?" "Does my dad scare you? Does my mom scare you? Does my auntie scare you? Because let me tell you something: We are not scary." Check out Vox’s Today Explained podcast, which features a great episode for all ages about racial justice in the US: https://www.vox.com/2020/8/29/21404446/systemic-racism-explained-to-kids Historian Michael Kazin explains how the Black Lives Matter movement fits into the tradition of American political and cultural movements, (Vox): https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/21306771/black-lives-matter-george-floyd-protest-michael-kazin We designed these episodes for kids ages 9-13, but we hope all of our audience enjoys them! You can find all of our kids videos here: https://bit.ly/3hLA3Ro You may notice that comments are disabled on our kids’ videos. This is a default function of YouTube for kids' programming. If you’re a parent, educator, or a kid at heart, please sign up for our newsletter for updates on all of our upcoming kids’ programming at Vox, from podcasts to videos to new shows: http://www.vox.com/kids Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1193 - I made a catapult to launch marshmallows! Thanks, Leonardo da Vinci.

1 septembre 2020

It’s time to make a catapult. Welcome to our first-ever week of programming for kids! We wanted to launch some marshmallows, so we built a miniature machine based on Leonardo da Vinci’s designs. Leonardo da Vinci was a famous artist and inventor, and his sketchbooks include a couple of catapult drawings that you can use to make a catapult model. We did just that, and it was a lot of fun. Catapults have a long history, going back to the ancient world (and appearing all across it, from China to Rome). They were used throughout history to bombard castle walls and enemies with projectiles, and they were adapted in the Middle Ages into agents of biological warfare. There are different types, like a mangonel, a trebuchet, and a ballista, each of which has its own unique advantages. Our catapult is inspired by da Vinci’s, and it features some really creative ways to generate and store power. We hope you like it — and maybe you’ll try it yourself! You can find the model we used here: https://www.amazon.com/Pathfinders-Roman-Catapult-Model-Kit/dp/B07BB3KY86 Thanks to Maymont for letting us shoot our video there: https://maymont.org/ We designed these episodes for kids ages 9-13, but we hope everyone in our audience enjoys them! You can find all of our kids videos here: https://bit.ly/3hLA3Ro You may notice that comments are disabled on our kids’ videos. This is a default function of YouTube for kids programming. If you’re a parent, an educator, or a kid at heart, please sign up for our newsletter for updates on all of our upcoming kids’ programming at Vox, from podcasts to videos to new shows: http://www.vox.com/kids Special thanks to Rachel Gianni, a consultant we worked with on this week of programming! https://www.rachelgiannini.com/ Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1194 - Why bird nests aren't covered in poop

2 septembre 2020

An ornithologist explains how robin hatchlings and their parents keep their nest clean. Welcome to our first-ever week of programming for kids! Earlier this year I noticed a bird nest with a single bright blue egg sitting on my front porch. Over the course of a few days, the single egg turned into four, and in a few more days, they hatched. What I witnessed over the course of watching these birds grow was magical, but it also left me with a lot of questions about what goes on in the beginning of a bird's life. My biggest question: Where does all the bird poop go? To answer all of my question about these baby birds, I spoke with professor of biology and lifelong bird lover Michael Murphy about the weird and often gross things birds do to survive. If you're looking to learn more about birds here are two incredible resources: The Cornell Lab of Ornithology K-12 online learning: https://bit.ly/31NR2wY National Audubon Society: https://www.audubon.org/birding We designed these episodes for kids ages 9-13, but we hope all of our audience enjoys them! You can find all of our kids videos here: https://bit.ly/3hLA3Ro You may notice that comments are disabled on our kids’ videos. This is a default function of YouTube for kids programming. If you’re a parent, educator, or a kid at heart, please sign up for our newsletter for updates on all of our upcoming kids’ programming at Vox, from podcasts to videos to new shows: http://www.vox.com/kids Special thanks to Rachel Gianni, a consultant we worked with on this week of programming https://www.rachelgiannini.com/ Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1195 - The secret history of dirt

3 septembre 2020

Dirt isn’t just the stuff beneath our feet. It’s the stuff of life. Welcome to our first-ever week of programming for kids! Become a Video Lab member! http://bit.ly/video-lab Dirt is alive. It's full of billions of creatures so small you can't even see them under a microscope. For 10,000 years, dirt has helped humans convert the limitless energy of the sun into the plants and animals we eat to keep us alive. Dirt has been good to us. But it turns out, we haven't been very good to the dirt. Roll up your sleeves. It's time to get dirty. We designed these episodes for kids ages 9-13, but we hope all of our audience enjoys them! You can find all of our kids videos here: https://bit.ly/3hLA3Ro You may notice that comments are disabled on our kids’ videos. This is a default function of YouTube for kids programming. If you’re a parent, educator, or a kid at heart, please sign up for our newsletter for updates on all of our upcoming kids’ programming at Vox, from podcasts to videos to new shows: http://www.vox.com/kids Try the dirt experiment featured in this episode for yourself. Get permission from your parent or guardian to visit this link to download and print out instructions (or have them do it for you!): https://www.vox.com/21418935/soil-health-farming-dirt-compost Special thanks to Rachel Gianni, a consultant we worked with on this week of programming https://www.rachelgiannini.com/ Additional reading and sources: Soil Foodweb Institute (Australia): https://www.soilfoodweb.com.au/ Civilizations rise and fall on the quality of their soil (Science Daily): https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/11/131104035245.htm One amazing substance allowed life to thrive on land (BBC): http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20151205-one-amazing-substance-allowed-life-to-thrive-on-land The Rhizosphere: An Ecological Perspective (Academic Press, 2007): https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/microfauna#:~:text=4.2%20Microfauna,protists%2C%20nematodes%2C%20and%20rotifers. The Big Bloom—How Flowering Plants Changed the World (National Geographic): https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/prehistoric-world/big-bloom/#:~:text=They%20began%20changing%20the%20way,only%20the%20last%2090%20seconds. Soil Science Society of America (SSSA): https://soilsmatter.wordpress.com/ Farmers and Their Languages: The First Expansions (Science): https://science.sciencemag.org/content/300/5619/597 The Science Behind the Three sisters (Cornell University): https://www.cornell.edu/video/first-peoples-first-crops-4-the-science-behind-the-three-sisters Amazonian Dark Earths: Geoarchaeology. (Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology): https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007%2F978-1-4419-0465-2_2252 Why It’s Time to Stop Punishing Our Soils with Fertilizers (Yale Environment 360): https://e360.yale.edu/features/why-its-time-to-stop-punishing-our-soils-with-fertilizers-and-chemicals Only 60 Years of Farming Left If Soil Degradation Continues (Scientific American): https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/only-60-years-of-farming-left-if-soil-degradation-continues/ Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1196 - How to be a cloud detective

4 septembre 2020

What different clouds mean, explained for kids. Welcome to our first-ever week of programming for kids! If you’re standing outside and you look up, you’ll likely see something familiar above you: clouds! They can be long and skinny, low and rumbly, white and fluffy, or anything in between. But what do these different shapes and colors tell us? Every cloud is packed full of information, and knowing a bit about them can help you tell the difference between different types — and help you predict the weather. For example, cumulus clouds are pretty easy to spot. They’re the classic cloud shape: big, fluffy, white cotton balls in the sky. These usually mean fair weather; when you see them, it’s a good day to be outside. If you see a big blanket of clouds covering the sky, they might be altostratus — and they might mean that rain is coming. Dr. Mayra Oyola from NASA’s jet propulsion lab helped me identify these and other clouds, both common and uncommon. She shared some tips for how we can all get better at decoding clouds. To download and print out your own cloud chart, like the one we showed in this video, get permission from your guardian or parent or have them click this link: http://vox.com/clouds Correction: We misspelled "Mammatus" at 5:30. Resources: The Cloud Appreciation Society: https://cloudappreciationsociety.org/ National Oceanic and Atmospheric’s cloud satellites: https://www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/GOES/index.php We designed these episodes for kids ages 9-13, but we hope all of our audience enjoys them! You can find all of our kids videos here: https://bit.ly/3hLA3Ro You may notice that comments are disabled on our kids’ videos. This is a default function of YouTube for kids programming. If you’re a parent, educator, or a kid at heart, please sign up for our newsletter for updates on all of our upcoming kids’ programming at Vox, from podcasts to videos to new shows: http://www.vox.com/kids Special thanks to Rachel Gianni, a consultant we worked with on this week of programming https://www.rachelgiannini.com/ Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1198 - How America can leave fossil fuels behind, in one chart | 2020 Election

10 septembre 2020

And what the US election means for climate change. Watch more 2020 election explainers at http://vox.com/ElectionVideos All of recorded human history has happened during a period in which the average global temperature didn’t change by more than 1 degree Celsius. But the burning of fossil fuels has triggered a temperature rise projected to exceed 3 degrees by the end of the century. It will be catastrophic. But it can be avoided if we massively scale back the burning of fossil fuels. The US isn’t the biggest emitter of carbon dioxide in the world, but it's emitted more carbon dioxide in total than any other country. So the US has an important role to play in global decarbonization; the world basically can’t get there without the US’s full participation. But the current US president doesn’t have any plans to do that. His Democratic challenger in the 2020 election, Joe Biden, does. Biden’s plan is ambitious: Its goal is to completely transition the US to clean energy by 2050. But his plan doesn’t get into the details of exactly how that will happen. For that, we talked to physicist and engineer Saul Griffith, who took us through his incredibly detailed road map for how the US could actually walk away from fossil fuels in the next 30 years. This was the first in our series of 2020 election explainers, all based on viewer suggestions. Watch the others, which cover the stakes of the election on: 1) Climate change: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QfAXbGInwno 2) Voting rights: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=al3qY8ZMHEc 3) Reproductive health: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bzuk13Ftxgo 4) Public schools: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lFJ37ri-Saw 5) Police reform: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SHePglP28CM 6) America’s role in the world: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S5LrQv496Iw 7) Transportation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ZDZtBRTyeI 8) LGBTQ rights: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xRnpUptf7E0 9) The eviction crisis: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F07yTI0J3Qk You can check out Saul Griffith’s report on decarbonizing the US through electrification at Rewiring America: https://www.rewiringamerica.org/handbook And explore his Sankey diagram of the US energy economy in detail here: http://energyliteracy.com/ To read more about the fluctuations in Earth’s global average temperature and why the current spike is so dangerous, check these sources: https://www.climate.gov/news-features/climate-qa/what%E2%80%99s-hottest-earth-has-been-%E2%80%9Clately%E2%80%9D https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/graphs_v3/ https://climate.nasa.gov/news/2865/a-degree-of-concern-why-global-temperatures-matter/ https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/03/ipcc_far_wg_I_spm.pdf Read more about why carbon dioxide is so problematic for climate change here: https://www.ucsusa.org/resources/why-does-co2-get-more-attention-other-gases You can dig into historic carbon emissions by country or region at Our World in Data: https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/annual-co-emissions-by-region The impact of the Trump administration on climate change is covered in more depth on our website: https://www.vox.com/energy-and-environment/2020/8/27/21374894/trump-election-second-term-climate-change-energy-russia-china https://www.vox.com/energy-and-environment/21349200/climate-change-fossil-fuels-rewiring-america-electrify Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1201 - What long voting lines in the US really mean | 2020 Election

17 septembre 2020

The sneaky ways that some US states make it harder to vote. Watch more 2020 election explainers at http://vox.com/ElectionVideos The process of voting isn’t the same for all Americans. Depending on where you live, you might vote on a screen, a punchcard, or a piece of paper. You might have to show an ID to vote, or you might not. And you might have to wait a long time, or you might not. Some of these differences don’t really matter. But some of them make voting harder. And sometimes they can keep people from voting altogether. For decades, the US had a civil rights law that made sure those differences were fair, and didn’t disproportionately keep certain people from voting: the 1965 Voting Rights Act. But in 2013, the US Supreme Court gutted that law, allowing states to pass a slew of new voting laws. Those new laws often had the effect of making it harder for poor people and people of color to vote. And the 2020 US election will be shaped in part by those laws. But the same election will also decide the future of those laws. This was the second in our series of 2020 election explainers, all based on viewer suggestions. Watch the others, which cover the stakes of the election on: 1) Climate change: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QfAXbGInwno 2) Voting rights: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=al3qY8ZMHEc 3) Reproductive health: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bzuk13Ftxgo 4) Public schools: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lFJ37ri-Saw 5) Police reform: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SHePglP28CM 6) America’s role in the world: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S5LrQv496Iw 7) Transportation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ZDZtBRTyeI 8) LGBTQ rights: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xRnpUptf7E0 9) The eviction crisis: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F07yTI0J3Qk For more information on polling place closures, check out the Leadership Conference on Civil & Human Rights 2019 report: https://civilrights.org/democracy-diverted/ Read The Guardian’s piece on Texas polling place closures: https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/mar/02/texas-polling-sites-closures-voting Information on 1960s voter registration came from the US Commission on Civil Rights: https://www.usccr.gov/pubs/2018/Minority_Voting_Access_2018.pdf Check out more info on Texas voting laws at the Texas Civil Rights Project: https://txcivilrights.org/voting-rights/ Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1202 - How the Beirut explosion was a government failure

18 septembre 2020

And why Lebanon is on the verge of collapse. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO On August 4, 2020, a massive explosion rocked Beirut, the capital city of Lebanon. The blast occurred when sparks in a warehouse hit a stockpile of ammonium nitrate — a highly explosive material — that was stored in the city's port. It was one of the largest accidental explosions in history and it couldn't have occurred at a worse time for Lebanon. For the past several years, the country has been sliding into an economic depression and a political crisis. The root causes began during the country's 20-year civil war and extend to the organization of the government, in which control is divided among the country's many religious sects. After years of corruption and negligence, Lebanon's people are now stuck picking up the pieces. Sources and additional reading: New York Times Visual Investigations: https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/05/world/middleeast/beirut-explosion-footage.html Carnegie Endowment: https://carnegieendowment.org/2016/05/16/unraveling-of-lebanon-s-taif-agreement-limits-of-sect-based-power-sharing-pub-63571 Ahmad Barclay: https://twitter.com/bothness/status/1186967940178071552 The Economist: https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2019/10/24/a-surge-of-public-anger-sends-lebanons-politicians-reeling Ziad Abu-Rish / Jadaliyya: https://www.jadaliyya.com/Details/33377 Triangle: https://www.thinktriangle.net/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Extend_Pretend_Lebanons_Financial_House_of_Cards_2019.pdf Financial Times: https://ftalphaville.ft.com/2019/12/18/1576679115000/Understanding-the-Lebanese-financial-crisis/ Mohamad Bazzi / Foreign Affairs: https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/lebanon/2020-08-14/corrupt-political-class-broke-lebanon Dion Nissenbaum, Nazih Osseiran, Georgi Kantchev and Benoit Faucon / The Wall Street Journal: https://www.wsj.com/articles/behind-the-beirut-explosion-seven-years-of-official-neglect-11596842032 Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1203 - What it means to be Black in Brazil

23 septembre 2020

Racism rooted in slavery has not gone away in Brazil — and it took time until its existence was even acknowledged. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Brazil imported more African slaves than any other country in the world: over 4 million people. Despite the ancestry forming a big part of the population, the development of a national Black identity was hindered after the country’s abolition of slavery in 1888. Brazil didn’t have an apartheid system like South Africa’s or Jim Crow laws like the United States, and its mixed population was seen as a symbol of harmony between races. The idea of Brazil being a “racial democracy” affected how Brazilians saw the role of race in their own lives — until the myth was debunked. “Several people were raised with certain privileges for being a light-skinned person, but still suffering some discrimination and not understanding exactly why is that so,” explains lawyer and diversity studies professor Thiago Amparo. “Only by understanding the history of Brazil, the [social] construction of whiteness and their own Black ancestry, they start to self-identify as Black.” The rise in the number of Brazilians who self-identify as Black came as a result of the Black movement’s fight to denounce racism in the country and to promote positive references of Blackness. Many achievements have been made over the past decades, such as the implementation of affirmative action practices. However, challenges remain. Seventy-five percent of people killed by police in Brazil in 2019 were Black, and socio-economic characteristics of this population widely differ from those of white people. Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1204 - How US abortion policy targets the poor | 2020 Election

24 septembre 2020

The 2020 US election could decide the fate of a 40-year-old ban on abortion funding. Watch more 2020 election explainers at http://vox.com/ElectionVideos For the past 44 years, every US Congress and president have approved a federal budget that includes a ban on federal funding for abortion services, except in extreme cases. It's known as the Hyde Amendment, and even politicians who support abortion access have voted in favor of it. But the landscape of abortion access has evolved so much that Joe Biden might become the first president to lift the Hyde Amendment from the federal budget. Banning federal funding for abortion services primarily affects people who rely on Medicaid for their health care: people who are living close to the poverty line in the US or are disabled. This has the effect of preventing some of the country’s most vulnerable people from accessing abortion services, since they are the least likely to be able to afford an out-of-pocket expense. This was the third in our series of 2020 election explainers, all based on viewer suggestions. Watch the others, which cover the stakes of the election on: 1) Climate change: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QfAXbGInwno 2) Voting rights: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=al3qY8ZMHEc 3) Reproductive health: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bzuk13Ftxgo 4) Public schools: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lFJ37ri-Saw 5) Police reform: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SHePglP28CM 6) America’s role in the world: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S5LrQv496Iw 7) Transportation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ZDZtBRTyeI 8) LGBTQ rights: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xRnpUptf7E0 9) The eviction crisis: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F07yTI0J3Qk Further reading: For some of Vox's coverage on the impact of the Hyde Amendment: https://www.vox.com/identities/2019/6/20/18683995/abortion-hyde-amendment-medicaid-insurance-louisiana For a history of the Democratic party and the Hyde Amendment: https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2019/06/democrats-hyde-amendment-history/591646/ For Kaiser Family Foundation's analysis of the Hyde Amendment's impact: https://www.kff.org/womens-health-policy/issue-brief/the-hyde-amendment-and-coverage-for-abortion-services/ Note: The headline on this piece has been updated. Previous headline: How the US keeps poor people from accessing abortion | 2020 Election Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1205 - What voter suppression looks like online

30 septembre 2020

Why Russian operatives and domestic parties target Black voters in US elections. Join the Open Sourced Reporting Network: http://www.vox.com/opensourcednetwork Subscribe to our channel and turn on notifications (?) so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO According to a report by CNN, the federal government has warned that Russia "might seek to covertly discourage or suppress US voters from participating" in the upcoming election. If so, it would be a repeat of their tactics four years ago, when Russian operatives posing as Americans on social media discouraged Black Americans from voting or encouraged them to vote for the third-party candidate, Jill Stein. The Trump campaign itself pursued a strategy of vote suppression targeted at African Americans, who vote against Republicans at higher rates than any other demographic group. While voter suppression takes many forms — from intimidation at polling places to purges of voter rolls to strict ID requirements — this video focuses on digital voter suppression, where the goal is to infiltrate communities online and deliver covert messages that discourage participation in elections. We explain what those messages look like, and why they so often target Black voters. Open Sourced is a year-long reporting project from Recode by Vox that goes deep into the closed ecosystems of data, privacy, algorithms, and artificial intelligence. Learn more at http://www.vox.com/opensourced This project is made possible by the Omidyar Network. All Open Sourced content is editorially independent and produced by our journalists. Watch all episodes of Open Sourced right here on YouTube: http://bit.ly/2tIHftD Become a part of the Open Sourced Reporting Network and help our reporting. Join here: http://www.vox.com/opensourcednetwork Sources: https://medium.com/@ushadrons https://about.fb.com/news/2020/09/additional-steps-to-protect-the-us-elections/ https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/senatedocs/2/ https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0894439320914853 https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/analysis-opinion/new-evidence-shows-how-russias-election-interference-has-gotten-more https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/analysis-opinion/voter-suppression-has-gone-digital https://edition.cnn.com/2020/03/12/world/russia-ghana-troll-farms-2020-ward/index.html https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2020/08/26/race-divisions-highlighted-disinformation-2016/ https://repository.law.umich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1290&context=mjrl https://www.intelligence.senate.gov/sites/default/files/documents/Report_Volume2.pdf https://stoponlinevaw.com/stop-digital-voter-suppression-project/ Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Check out our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Or our podcasts: https://www.vox.com/podcasts Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o If you value Vox’s unique explanatory journalism, support our work with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://www.vox.com/contribute

Épisode 1206 - The forgotten “wade-ins” that transformed the US

1 octobre 2020

How beaches and pools became a battleground for US civil rights. Listen to the story on this episode of Today, Explained: https://spoti.fi/2GuKqLz When we think of the iconic moments of the Civil Rights Movement in the US, we might imagine bus boycotts, lunch counter sit-ins or the March on Washington. Most of us won’t think of protests at beaches and pools. Yet these battles in the country’s waters played a crucial role in transforming America. The campaign in the waters of St. Augustine, Florida, became one of the most critical in the movement to desegregate the US. The photos were published around the world, but the full story has often been left out of our history textbooks. And now, the legacy of segregated public waters continues to this day. Note: The headline for this piece has been updated. Previous headline: How beaches became a battleground for US civil rights. Have an idea for a story that we should investigate for Missing Chapter? Send it to us via this form! http://bit.ly/2RhjxMy Sign up for the Missing Chapter newsletter to stay up to date with the series: https://vox.com/missing-chapter Explore the full Missing Chapter playlist, including episodes, a creator Q&A, and more! https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ8cMiYb3G5fR2kt0L4Nihvel4pEDw9od Check out the work of Clennon King in his full-length documentary and discussion program about St. Augustine’s Civil Rights movement, “Passage at St. Augustine”: https://augustinemonica.com/%22passage-at-st-augustine%22 More information about the Civil Rights Movement in St. Augustine at ACCORD Freedom Trail: https://accordfreedomtrail.org/ Archives from the Civil Rights Library of St. Augustine: https://cdm16000.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/ Read Andrew Kahrl’s books on the movement to desegregate public waters: https://uncpress.org/book/9781469628721/the-land-was-ours/ ; https://yalebooks.yale.edu/book/9780300215144/free-beaches Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1208 - How colorized photos helped introduce Japan to the world

5 octobre 2020

The best hand-colored photos of the 19th century came from Japan. Become a Video Lab member! http://bit.ly/video-lab For over 200 years, Japan isolated itself from the outside world by forbidding most foreigners from entering the country. But in 1854, a US naval expedition of warships forced Japan to open its port cities, resulting in a flood of curious travelers from Europe and North America, who established businesses there. Photography became a leading industry in newly opened Japan, to satisfy a market of curious outsiders who wanted to know what the country and its people really looked like. Foreign photographers like Felice Beato and Baron Raimund von Stillfried established photo studios, and they employed fine artists from the Japanese ukiyo-e woodblock print industry to carefully apply watercolors to their prints. Eventually, those same apprentices dominated the market with their own photo studios. By the 20th century, mainly due to the advent of amateur photography, the souvenir photo industry in Japan declined. But for the last half of the 19th century, photos made — and carefully hand-colored — in Japanese photo studios were important documents for how the world came to know Japanese culture. Further reading: A Good Type: Tourism and Science in Early Japanese Photographs, by David Odo https://www.peabody.harvard.edu/node/2080 Sites of “Disconnectedness”: The Port City of Yokohama, Souvenir Photography, and its Audience, by Mio Wakita-Elis https://heiup.uni-heidelberg.de/journals/index.php/transcultural/article/view/11067/5640 Photography in Japan 1853-1912, by Terry Bennett https://www.tuttlepublishing.com/books-by-country/photography-in-japan-1853-1912-hardcover-with-jacket Darkroom is a history and photography series that anchors each episode around a single image. Analyzing what the photo shows (or doesn't show) provides context that helps unravel a wider story. Watch previous episodes here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ddiOJLuu2mo&list=PLJ8cMiYb3G5ce8J4P5j5qOEtYR94Z3DQs Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1209 - How US schools punish Black kids | 2020 Election

8 octobre 2020

For the 50 million kids who attend public schools in the US, the 2020 election is personal. Watch more 2020 US election explainers at http://vox.com/ElectionVideos When it comes to who gets punished and removed from American classrooms, the US doesn’t treat all students equally. Black students get suspended and expelled far more frequently than their white classmates, and often for the same or similar offenses. And the weeks of school that Black kids miss each year can kick off a chain reaction that changes a child’s future. But the US education system gives the American president a tremendous amount of power over public schools. Whoever holds the Presidency decides how schools handle things like testing, class size, and discipline. During the Obama administration, the US Department of Education started to take the country’s school discipline problem seriously. They investigated the schools with significant racial gaps in punishment rates, and issued guidance on how to replace outdated policies with more effective ones. Then Betsy DeVos, President Trump’s education secretary, abandoned those efforts. Trump's administration stopped releasing discipline data, changed the standard of what constitutes racist outcomes, and scaled back efforts to fix or even acknowledge racial disparities in how we punish kids. In this video we explain the origins of this crisis, and how the 2020 election could change things. This was the fourth in our series of 2020 election explainers, all based on viewer suggestions. Watch the others, which cover the stakes of the election on: 1) Climate change: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QfAXbGInwno 2) Voting rights: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=al3qY8ZMHEc 3) Reproductive health: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bzuk13Ftxgo 4) Public schools: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lFJ37ri-Saw 5) Police reform: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SHePglP28CM 6) America’s role in the world: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S5LrQv496Iw 7) Transportation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ZDZtBRTyeI 8) LGBTQ rights: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xRnpUptf7E0 9) The eviction crisis: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F07yTI0J3Qk If you want to learn more about racial disparities in school discipline, check out the UCLA Civil Rights Project. They’ve been studying this crisis for years: https://www.civilrightsproject.ucla.edu/research/k-12-education/school-discipline Our colleagues at ProPublica, particularly Annie Waldman, have done extensive investigative work chronicling how the Trump administration has neglected to enforce students’ civil rights: https://www.propublica.org/article/devos-has-scuttled-more-than-1-200-civil-rights-probes-inherited-from-obama The Texas schools study we mention in the video is publicly available through the Center for State Governments: https://knowledgecenter.csg.org/kc/system/files/Breaking_School_Rules.pdf Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1210 - How the US poisoned Navajo Nation

12 octobre 2020

The biggest radioactive spill in US history. As World War Two was ending, the growing nuclear arms race put the US in need of uranium. It turned to Navajo Nation, where the uranium mining industry thrived for four decades -- but left disease, pollution and the biggest radioactive spill in US history. That spill in Church Rock, New Mexico upended the lives of nearby residents, who had to grapple with toxic water, livestock and a lifetime of illnesses. Now, they are still waiting for it to be cleaned up. Note: The headline for this piece has been updated. Previous headline: The biggest radioactive spill in US history Have an idea for a story that we should investigate for Missing Chapter? Send it to us via this form! http://bit.ly/2RhjxMy Sign up for the Missing Chapter newsletter to stay up to date with the series: https://vox.com/missing-chapter Explore the full Missing Chapter playlist, including episodes, a creator Q&A, and more! https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ8cMiYb3G5fR2kt0L4Nihvel4pEDw9od Learn more about the Church Rock spill and the impacts of uranium mining at the Southwest Research and Information Center: http://www.sric.org/uranium/rirf.php Read the book by Doug Brugge, Timothy Benally, and Esther Yazzie-Lewis, The Navajo People and Uranium Mining: https://unmpress.com/books/navajo-people-and-uranium-mining/9780826337795 Read the book Yellow Dirt, by Judy Pasternak, on uranium mining in Navajo Nation: https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/Yellow-Dirt/Judy-Pasternak/9781416594833 Check out the documentary “The Return of Navajo Boy,” which looks at the uranium industry in Navajo Nation: http://navajoboy.com/watch/ Learn about the Red Water Pond Road Community Association and other local groups through the Multicultural Alliance for a Safe Environment: https://swuraniumimpacts.org/red-water-pond-road-community-association Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1212 - How the next president could change policing | 2020 Election

15 octobre 2020

What the candidates can (and can’t) do about police reform. Watch more 2020 US election explainers at http://vox.com/ElectionVideos Police reform is a major issue in the 2020 election, yet it’s also one of the issues the president has little control over. Police are primarily funded and managed by local governments instead of the federal government. So when it comes to what the president or Congress can actually do to change policing in America…it’s pretty limited. But the federal government does have the power to change what's called qualified immunity. It’s a legal protection that shields police from lawsuits over violations of people’s constitutional rights. For protesters of police brutality, reforming it is at the top of their list. And its future could hang on the election. This was the fifth in our series of 2020 election explainers, all based on viewer suggestions. Watch the others, which cover the stakes of the election on: 1) Climate change: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QfAXbGInwno 2) Voting rights: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=al3qY8ZMHEc 3) Reproductive health: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bzuk13Ftxgo 4) Public schools: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lFJ37ri-Saw 5) Police reform: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SHePglP28CM 6) America’s role in the world: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S5LrQv496Iw 7) Transportation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ZDZtBRTyeI 8) LGBTQ rights: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xRnpUptf7E0 9) The eviction crisis: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F07yTI0J3Qk Read more about qualified immunity here, from Vox: https://www.vox.com/2020/6/3/21277104/qualified-immunity-cops-constitution-shaniz-west-supreme-court And read more about both candidates' police plans: https://www.vox.com/21418125/biden-harris-pelosi-defund-the-police-criminal-justice-reform-2020 https://www.vox.com/2020-presidential-election/21418911/donald-trump-crime-criminal-justice-policy-record Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1213 - How America could lose its allies | 2020 Election

20 octobre 2020

What is NATO? And why is it still around? Watch more 2020 US election explainers at http://vox.com/ElectionVideos For 150 years, the US avoided formal alliances. It occasionally went to war -- fighting the War of 1812, the Spanish-American War, and World War I -- but did so without entangling itself in promises to other countries. Then, after World War II, it abruptly changed course, and began to build a network of alliances unlike anything that had come before. Over the next few decades, the US used those alliances to keep countries around the world close, and to fight Soviet expansion, by making a promise that it would go to war if any of its allies were ever attacked. After the Soviet Union fell, the initial purpose of those alliances was gone, but the US recommitted to them, signaling again and again that the central promise of those relationships was still in effect. It kept doing so for the next 25 years. Then the US elected a leader who took America’s global relationships in a new direction. President Trump was skeptical that America’s network of alliances was still beneficial to the US. He began to distance the US from those alliances, raising doubts about whether America would actually follow through on the promise at the core of them if provoked. Some allies moved closer to Russia or China, both of whom had attempted to undermine America’s alliances. Today, the future of those alliances is on the ballot in the US. One of the major presidential candidates in the 2020 election wants to return the US to its former status with its allies; the other finds its decades-old alliances costly and cumbersome. The world is waiting to see which vision Americans prefer. This was the sixth in our series of 2020 election explainers, all based on viewer suggestions. Watch the others, which cover the stakes of the election on: 1) Climate change: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QfAXbGInwno 2) Voting rights: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=al3qY8ZMHEc 3) Reproductive health: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bzuk13Ftxgo 4) Public schools: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lFJ37ri-Saw 5) Police reform: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SHePglP28CM 6) America’s role in the world: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S5LrQv496Iw 7) Transportation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ZDZtBRTyeI 8) LGBTQ rights: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xRnpUptf7E0 9) The eviction crisis: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F07yTI0J3Qk Sources and further reading: Alex Ward: https://www.vox.com/2020/8/18/21334630/joe-biden-foreign-policy-explainer Mira Rapp-Hooper, Shields of the Republic: https://www.amazon.com/Shields-Republic-Triumph-Americas-Alliances/dp/0674982959 Mark Webber and James Sperling: https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/CECD6A4DA95D3C177531E8C10A6E562B/S0260210519000123a.pdf/trumps_foreign_policy_and_nato_exit_and_voice.pdf Joyce Kaufman: https://www.chathamhouse.org/sites/default/files/publications/ia/INTA93_2_01_Kaufman.pdf Jennifer Lind: https://americas.chathamhouse.org/article/the-future-of-americas-ailing-alliances/ Klaus Larres: https://archive.transatlanticrelations.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Larres-Donald-Trump-and-America%E2%80%99s-Grand-Strategy-U.S.-foreign-policy-toward-Europe-Russia-and-China-Global-Policy-May-2017.pdf Fabrice Pothier and Alexander Vershbow: https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/NATO_and_Trump_web_0623.pdf Elena Atanassova-Cornelis: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/03932729.2019.1665272 Shin Kawashima, Matake Kamiya, James L. Schoff: https://carnegieendowment.org/2019/10/10/managing-risks-and-opportunities-for-u.s.-japan-alliance-through-coordinated-china-policy-pub-80026 Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1214 - Why American public transit is so bad | 2020 Election

22 octobre 2020

Most Americans have no choice but to drive. How do we change that? We produced this video in 2020 as part of our US election coverage. The rest of those videos are at http://vox.com/ElectionVideos In the middle of the 20th century, the US government made a decision that would transform American cities: It built a huge system of interstate highways, many of which went right through the downtowns of its biggest cities. This sealed the country's fate as a car culture, and today we're seeing the results. In most cities, it's extremely difficult to get around without a car, in part due to public transit systems built to serve an outdated commute. And when our politics turn to infrastructure, the government often favors building new roads and highways instead of improving and expanding public transportation. The result is a system that forces more Americans to drive, at the expense of those who rely on public transit. It's also the biggest contributor to our country’s carbon footprint. Fixing that over the long term will require a reimagining of American cities and towns. But there's also a way that, if we wanted to, we could improve American transit systems, and get more people riding them, in a matter of weeks. This was the seventh in our series of 2020 election explainers, all based on viewer suggestions. Watch the others, which cover the stakes of the election on: 1) Climate change: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QfAXbGInwno 2) Voting rights: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=al3qY8ZMHEc 3) Reproductive health: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bzuk13Ftxgo 4) Public schools: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lFJ37ri-Saw 5) Police reform: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SHePglP28CM 6) America’s role in the world: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S5LrQv496Iw 7) Transportation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ZDZtBRTyeI 8) LGBTQ rights: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xRnpUptf7E0 9) The eviction crisis: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F07yTI0J3Qk For Jonathan English’s research comparing Canadian and US public transit: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2018-08-31/why-is-american-mass-transit-so-bad-it-s-a-long-story For research on suburban commutes from the Brookings Institution’s Adie Tomer, Joseph Kane, and Jennifer S. Vey: https://www.brookings.edu/interactives/connecting-people-and-places-exploring-new-measures-of-travel-behavior/ For more of Vox’s coverage on public transportation: https://www.vox.com/2015/8/10/9118199/public-transportation-subway-buses For more historical maps on how the federal highway system transformed cities: http://iqc.ou.edu/2014/12/12/60yrsmidwest/ Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1215 - The technology that’s replacing the green screen

23 octobre 2020

The green screen is a Hollywood staple. Should it be? It’s easy to complain about overreliance on special effects, but for projects that require impossible-to-film environments or have incredibly expensive shots, how do you get the flexibility of green screens without the drawbacks? Charmaine Chan has worked on one of the possible answers. Vox's Phil Edwards spoke to her about her career and how it's at the forefront of a big technological shift. As a compositor for venerable effects house Industrial Light and Magic (ILM), she’s worked on films like The Last Jedi, assembling various digital elements into a beautiful, seamless image. Her job changed on The Mandalorian, one of the first shows to use ILM’s upgrade for the green screen: LED panels that used video game engine technology to place a realistic-looking world behind the actors. It was a huge improvement, because green screens actually have a lot of drawbacks. Removing the green screen is never as quick as visual effects artists would hope. It also casts green light upon the set and actors. Even substitutes for a green screen, like projecting an image onto a screen behind the actor, fail to dynamically respond to camera movements the way they would in the real world. ILM’s solution fixes a lot of those problems, and it also led to creative breakthroughs in which the old Hollywood order of a TV show or movie, in which VFX came last, was suddenly reversed. Now, artists like Charmaine are alongside actors, set designers, and other crew members during filming. That collaboration means that this technology doesn’t just eliminate a screen — it eliminates a creative barrier. Watch the above video to see how it happens. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1216 - The Instagram aesthetic that made QAnon mainstream

28 octobre 2020

Conspiracy theory researchers explain how QAnon spread through Instagram. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO At first glance, the images under the hashtags about child trafficking don’t look that different from anything else you’d expect to see on Instagram. They feature bright pastel colors with trendy fonts spelling out taglines like “wake up” and “get loud.” What the people who see these hashtags — and the lifestyle influencers who often post them — might not know is that the hashtag is being used to bring QAnon ideas into the mainstream. In March, 23 percent of people surveyed by Pew had heard of QAnon; by September, that number had risen to 47 percent. Now the conspiracy theory has reached a bigger support base than ever before via QAnon-lite memes — with serious implications for the election. Read more of Vox's coverage on QAnon: https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2018/8/1/17253444/qanon-trump-conspiracy-theory-4chan-explainer And on how it spread to a new audience: https://www.vox.com/21436671/save-our-children-hashtag-qanon-pizzagate Open Sourced is a year-long reporting project from Recode by Vox that goes deep into the closed ecosystems of data, privacy, algorithms, and artificial intelligence. Learn more at http://www.vox.com/opensourced This project is made possible by the Omidyar Network. All Open Sourced content is editorially independent and produced by our journalists. Watch all episodes of Open Sourced right here on YouTube: http://bit.ly/2tIHftD Become a part of the Open Sourced Reporting Network and help our reporting. Join here: http://www.vox.com/opensourcednetwork Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1217 - Why LGBTQ rights hinge on the definition of "sex" | 2020 Election

29 octobre 2020

UPDATE: In his first day in office, Joe Biden signed an Executive Order that adopts the latest Supreme Court ruling's more expansive inclusion of LGBTQ rights under sex discrimination protections. This reverses Trump's rulings. Without federal legislation, the fight against LGBTQ discrimination has been waged in the courts and the White House. Watch more 2020 US election explainers at http://vox.com/ElectionVideos. The US Civil Rights Act of 1964 originally protected against discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, and religion. But in a failed political maneuver meant to make the bill so unpopular that it wouldn’t pass, the word “sex” was added as well. That addition protected women from being discriminated against at work, but it also set off a 50-year legal battle over whether the law also protects LGBTQ Americans. The court has reached a decision in this battle, but the Trump White House has come to a different conclusion. And that means there are huge stakes for LGBTQ rights in the 2020 election. This was the eighth in our series of 2020 election explainers, all based on viewer suggestions. Watch the others, which cover the stakes of the election on: 1) Climate change: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QfAXbGInwno 2) Voting rights: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=al3qY8ZMHEc 3) Reproductive health: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bzuk13Ftxgo 4) Public schools: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lFJ37ri-Saw 5) Police reform: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SHePglP28CM 6) America’s role in the world: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S5LrQv496Iw 7) Transportation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ZDZtBRTyeI 8) LGBTQ rights: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xRnpUptf7E0 9) The eviction crisis: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F07yTI0J3Qk Read more of Vox’s coverage of the impact of the election on LGBTQ rights: https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2020/8/26/21374948/trump-second-term-lgbtq-people And the Bostock v. Clayton County ruling: https://www.vox.com/2020/6/15/21291515/supreme-court-bostock-clayton-county-lgbtq-neil-gorsuch For coverage of the Equality Act, currently before the Senate: https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2019/5/17/18627771/equality-act-house-congress-lgbtq-rights-discrimination For related coverage from NPR: https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2020/03/02/804873211/whiplash-of-lgbtq-protections-and-rights-from-obama-to-trump And from Time: https://time.com/5660956/trump-administration-anti-gay-brief-title-vii/ Here is the map of non-discrimination laws by state: https://www.lgbtmap.org/equality-maps/non_discrimination_laws Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1218 - The Electoral College, explained

31 octobre 2020

Why some Americans’ votes count more than others. Watch more of our election coverage: http://vox.com/ElectionVideos In the 2000 US presidential election, the Democratic candidate got half a million more votes than the Republican. The Democrat lost. Sixteen years later the same thing happened again. In the US, if you run for president, it does not actually matter how many people in the country vote for you. What matters instead is an arcane system for selecting America’s head of state called the Electoral College. The Electoral College is the reason the US has something called “swing states,” and it’s the reason those places get to decide the future of the country. It’s the reason presidential candidates almost never campaign in the country’s biggest cities. And more recently, it’s also the reason that Republican candidates have been able to eke out victories in the presidential election without actually getting the most votes. The Electoral College makes some Americans’ votes more powerful than others. In fact, that’s part of the reason we have it to begin with; in the country’s early years, the Electoral College helped give the votes of Southern Whites more weight than the votes of Northerners. The idea at its core, that certain votes simply matter more than others, is baked into the American tradition. In the 2020 election, it may decide the winner. Further reading: The historian Alexander Keyssar’s book “Why Do We Still Have the Electoral College?” takes you through the history and function of the Electoral College: https://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674660151 For the bite-sized version of that history, Keyssar also wrote this piece in the New York Times: https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/03/opinion/electoral-college-racism-white-supremacy.html The Times also had a great interactive feature on where the 2020 candidates actually spent money: https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/10/17/us/politics/trump-biden-campaign-ad-spending.html Pew has a breakdown of how democracies around the world elect their head of state, which really shows what an oddball the US is: https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/11/22/among-democracies-u-s-stands-out-in-how-it-chooses-its-head-of-state/ More on why today’s Electoral College gives Republican presidential candidates a structural advantage: https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2019/9/17/20868790/republicans-lose-popular-vote-win-electoral-college Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1219 - Millions of Americans can't pay rent | 2020 Election

2 novembre 2020

The pandemic turned America’s housing crisis into an eviction crisis. Watch more 2020 US election coverage at http://vox.com/ElectionVideos Long before the COVID-19 pandemic hit, low-wage workers in the United States were already struggling to pay their rent, and were being evicted at rates much higher than in other similar countries. In the US, one in 40 renters has been evicted ー compared to one in 89 in the UK, one in 227 in Denmark, and one in 25,000 in France. Since the pandemic took millions of US jobs in March and April, most workers who make more than $20 an hour have been able to keep working, or have returned to work. But low wage workers — the people most likely to be renters instead of homeowners — are also the least likely to have gotten their jobs back. Now, seven months into the pandemic, millions aren't working, and many of them are facing homelessness. In this video we ask what other governments around the world have done to keep people in their homes, what the US has done, what it could do, and if the 2020 election could change any of it. This is the ninth in our series of 2020 election explainers, all based on viewer suggestions. Watch the others, which cover the stakes of the election on: 1) Climate change: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QfAXbGInwno 2) Voting rights: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=al3qY8ZMHEc 3) Reproductive health: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bzuk13Ftxgo 4) Public schools: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lFJ37ri-Saw 5) Police reform: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SHePglP28CM 6) America’s role in the world: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S5LrQv496Iw 7) Transportation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ZDZtBRTyeI 8) LGBTQ rights: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xRnpUptf7E0 9) The eviction crisis: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F07yTI0J3Qk Further reading: Debt, eviction and hunger: Millions fall back into crisis as stimulus and safety nets vanish (Washington Post): https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2020/08/23/economy-federal-benefits-low-wage-workers/ Hundreds of evictions in Fayette County set to resume despite pandemic, mass confusion (Lexington Herald-Leader): https://www.kentucky.com/news/local/counties/fayette-county/article245084480.html With 1 Million Illinois Residents Facing Eviction, Tenants Rights Group Calls For Rent, Mortgage Relief (Block Club Chicago): https://blockclubchicago.org/2020/08/18/with-1-million-illinois-residents-facing-eviction-tenants-rights-group-calls-for-rent-mortgage-relief/ The Economic Impacts of COVID-19: Evidence from a New Public Database Built from Private Sector Data", by Raj Chetty, John Friedman, Nathaniel Hendren, Michael Stepner, and the Opportunity Insights Team. September 2020. https://opportunityinsights.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/tracker_paper.pdf Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1220 - How the US counts votes

3 novembre 2020

Follow the results of the 2020 presidential election at: http://www.vox.com/2020 In a normal presidential election year, many Americans go from casting our vote before work in the morning to turning off the TV before bed, secure in our knowledge of who will lead the country for the next four years. But in 2020, there’s a better-than-average chance that won’t happen. Even before the coronavirus struck, more Americans each election were either voting early or voting my mail. But in 2020, these numbers are expected to skyrocket, and that means states like Pennsylvania and Wisconsin, which don’t start counting mail-in ballots until election day, probably won’t have results for several days. This year, voters are facing a pandemic, a deliberately underfunded postal service, and the closure of polling locations in battleground states like Georgia, Ohio, Arizona, and Texas. In this video, we take a comprehensive deep dive into how states count votes. Each of the 3,141 counties in the US has its own rules, but there are some basic steps that are mostly the same across the country. Whether you’re voting in person early, on election day, by mail, or dropping off your ballot, we break down some of the differences and similarities in how and when states collect, verify, process, and count ballots. Once you understand how votes are counted, it’s clear just how important each vote really is. Further reading: Voting by mail and absentee voting (MIT Election Data and Science Lab) https://electionlab.mit.edu/research/voting-mail-and-absentee-voting Democracy Diverted: Polling Place Closures and the Right to Vote (The Leadership Conference Education Fund) http://civilrightsdocs.info/pdf/reports/Democracy-Diverted.pdf Election night marks the end of one phase of campaign 2020 – and the start of another (Pew) https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2020/10/22/election-night-marks-the-end-of-one-phase-of-campaign-2020-and-the-start-of-another/ How Quickly Will Your Absentee Vote Be Counted? A State-by-State Timeline (New York Times) https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/10/13/us/politics/when-votes-counted.html The Voting Process: From the Ballot Box to the Presidency (NBC News) https://www.nbcnews.com/specials/election-voting-ballot/ How Mail-in Voting Works In Ohio: A Step-By-Step Guide (WVU) https://www.wusa9.com/article/news/verify/how-are-ballot-boxes-counted-and-collected-how-to-make-sure-your-ballot-is-mailed-factcheck-dc-virginia-verify/65-a3e5f0cd-6c5a-45b5-8d8d-34fab8ea8cc4 Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1222 - What Joe Biden won – and what he didn't

8 novembre 2020

Biden beat Trump. Now what? Ezra Klein explains. Watch more of our election coverage: http://vox.com/ElectionVideos The 2020 US election is over, and former vice president Joe Biden will be the 46th US president. He’s the first to defeat an incumbent president in 28 years, and he did it in part by unifying the Democratic Party against Donald Trump, bringing members of the party’s left wing into his campaign after beating Bernie Sanders in the primary, and crafting an aggressive policy platform. But Biden’s agenda will most likely be met by a Republican-controlled Senate, whose leader, Mitch McConnell, presided over the complete stonewalling of the last Democratic president’s agenda, and likely intends to do so again. This despite the fact that many of Biden’s policies enjoy the support of most Americans, and McConnell’s Senate caucus represents a minority of them. In other words, Biden’s decisive victory margin of several million votes was basically good enough for a stalemate. In this video, Vox editor-at-large Ezra Klein explains what makes that possible -- a Republican Party dedicated to making sure a minority controls the country -- and how Joe Biden’s first priority should be unwinding that system back to democracy. Read more about the Biden presidency from Vox: Ezra Klein on how Biden won: https://www.vox.com/21545969/joe-biden-2020-election-winner-trump-vote Dylan Matthews on what a President Biden will be up against: https://www.vox.com/2020/11/6/21534594/joe-biden-wins-2020-presidential-election Ian Millhiser on who the US Senate actually represents: https://www.vox.com/2020/11/6/21550979/senate-malapportionment-20-million-democrats-republicans-supreme-court Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1225 - Weed was the real winner of the 2020 election

11 novembre 2020

Americans are turning against the war on drugs. Watch more of our election coverage: http://vox.com/ElectionVideos On November 3, four American states voted to legalize marijuana: Arizona, New Jersey, Montana and South Dakota. Combined with the other states that have done so in recent years, one in three Americans now live in a state where access to marijuana has been legalized. It shows that Americans are souring on the harsh drug policies that have put millions of people in prison. But America’s national drug policy is a different story. Under federal law, marijuana is still classified as a “schedule 1” drug, meaning it’s considered to have little medical value and a high risk of abuse, along with drugs like LSD, heroin, ecstasy and psilocybin mushrooms. In states where marijuana has been legalized, that conflict with federal law creates numerous problems for legal marijuana sellers and users. And few national politicians talk about legalizing marijuana throughout the country. But advocates are hoping that by introducing new state laws one by one, Americans who are ready to move on from the country’s decades-long war on drugs will eventually force the federal government’s hand. Further reading: Read Vox’s coverage of marijuana legalization in the 2020 election here: https://www.vox.com/2020-presidential-election/2020/11/4/21548800/election-results-marijuana-legalization-drug-decriminalization-new-jersey-arizona-oregon-montana There's more about Americans’ support of weed legalization in the latest Gallup survey: https://news.gallup.com/poll/323582/support-legal-marijuana-inches-new-high.aspx The ACLU’s report on racial disparities in marijuana possession arrests: https://www.aclu.org/report/tale-two-countries-racially-targeted-arrests-era-marijuana-reform Marijuana Policy Project’s breakdown of state laws: https://www.mpp.org/states/ FBI’s Crime Data Explorer for arrests by state and year: https://crime-data-explorer.fr.cloud.gov/ Subscribe to our channel and turn on notifications (?) so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Check out our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Or our podcasts: https://www.vox.com/podcasts Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o If you value Vox’s unique explanatory journalism, support our work with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://www.vox.com/contribute

Épisode 1227 - Was this famous war photo staged? feat. Errol Morris

18 novembre 2020

The obsessive journey to answer one question: Which of these photos was taken first? Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Roger Fenton’s 1855 photo “The Valley of the Shadow of Death” is the first famous photograph of war, depicting a barren road littered with cannonballs fired during the Crimean War. But there’s a second photo of the same road with no cannonballs, which has led photo historians, and, notably, American writer and filmmaker Susan Sontag, to claim that the famed photo is staged. Meaning, the photo with no cannonballs was taken first, and the photo with cannonballs was arranged and taken second. American documentary film director Errol Morris went down a rabbit hole of interviews and photo analysis to determine if that order of the photos – with cannonballs “OFF” the road first, then “ON” – is accurate, based solely on what’s present in the photographs themselves. Errol Morris’ New York Times essay, “Which Came First?” Part one: https://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/09/25/which-came-first-the-chicken-or-the-egg-part-one/ Part two: https://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com//2007/10/04/which-came-first-part-two/ Part three: https://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/10/23/which-came-first-part-three-can-george-lionel-and-marmaduke-help-us-order-the-fenton-photographs/ Fenton Crimean War Photographs at Library of Congress: https://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/ftncnw/ Darkroom is a history and photography series that anchors each episode around a single image. Analyzing what the photo shows (or doesn't show) provides context that helps unravel a wider story. Watch previous episodes here: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ8cMiYb3G5ce8J4P5j5qOEtYR94Z3DQs Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1228 - La lucha por el estado 51 de Estados Unidos, explicada

24 novembre 2020

This is a republished video for our Spanish-speaking audience. Watch the original video in English here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bfUeekXbYzk Washington DC está más cerca que nunca de convertirse en un estado. ¿Podría suceder realmente? ¡Suscríbete a nuestro canal! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO El 26 de junio de 2020, la Cámara de Representantes de Estados Unidos votó para convertir a la capital de Estados Unidos, Washington, DC, en el estado número 51 del país. Fue una votación histórica, y lo más cerca que ha estado el país de agregar un nuevo estado en más de 60 años. Pero también fue, por el momento, completamente simbólico. Porque al menos en 2020, DC no tiene ninguna posibilidad de convertirse en un estado. Aquella votación del 26 de junio se desarrolló casi por completo en líneas partidarias. La mayoría de los demócratas votaron a favor de la estadidad de DC y los republicanos en contra. Eso es porque convertir a DC en un estado les daría a los demócratas escaños adicionales en el Congreso, lo que podría afectar el equilibrio de poder entre los partidos. Es por eso que el presidente Trump y el Senado controlado por los republicanos han prometido rechazar cualquier intento de convertirse en un Estado de DC. Y de hecho, la estadidad en los Estados Unidos siempre ha sido un tema político. En el pasado, Estados Unidos a menudo ha agregado estados en pares para preservar el equilibrio político. Admitir un nuevo estado por sí solo ha sucedido, pero es inusual. Pero el caso a favor de la estadidad de DC es sólido: la ciudad tiene una población similar a la de varios estados, sus cientos de miles de residentes carecen de voz en la elaboración de leyes nacionales y su gobierno local es especialmente vulnerable a ser reforzado por el Congreso y el gobierno federal. En pocas palabras, las leyes que crearon el distrito no anticiparon que algún día sería una ciudad importante. Y mientras que en 1993, la última vez que el Congreso votó sobre la estadidad de DC, la Cámara controlada por los demócratas no la aprobó, el Partido Demócrata de hoy está cada vez más de acuerdo con ella. Si las elecciones de 2020 ponen a los demócratas en pleno control del gobierno federal, Estados Unidos podría obtener su estado número 51. Más información: Más sobre cómo EE. UU. ha agregado nuevos estados en el pasado: https://www.vox.com/the-highlight/2019/9/18/20863026/dc-statehood-george-floyd-puerto-rico-statehood Qué se necesitaría para que DC se convierta en un estado: https://www.vox.com/2020/6/22/21293168/dc-statehood-vote-filibuster-supreme-court-joe-biden Cómo el Congreso ha interferido con DC: https://www.dcvote.org/ending-congressional-interference Y la Historia de por qué la idea de un distrito federal está escrita en la constitución: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/reference/united-states-history/why-washington-dc-not-state-started-drunken-mob/ Vox.com es un sitio web de noticias que lo ayudará a evitar la confusión y comprender qué es lo que realmente impulsa los eventos en los titulares. Visita http://www.vox.com. Vea nuestro catálogo de videos completo: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Siga a Vox en Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o O Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1229 - La forma correcta de jugar a Monopoly

24 novembre 2020

This is a republished video for our Spanish-speaking audience. Watch the original video in English here: https://youtu.be/wK7xcWFgHoA ¿Cómo se gana al Monopoly? ¿Y cómo lo haces divertido al mismo tiempo? ¡Suscríbete a nuestro canal! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO ¿Existe una forma correcta de jugar al Monopoly? Brian Valentine intenta dar una respuesta: fue el representante de Estados Unidos en el campeonato mundial de Monopoly de 2015, donde obtuvo un tercer lugar. Como muestra el video anterior, jugar correctamente al Monopoly implica volver a aprender las reglas, procesar estrategias clave y, sobre todo, valorar a las personas con las que juegas. Valentine comparte su conocimiento sobre los diagramas de probabilidad que muestran la probabilidad de aterrizar en un determinado espacio, los matices del juego en casas y hoteles, e incluso algunos consejos para hacer que los juegos sean divertidos en lugar de rencorosos. Más información: Hay toneladas de artículos que desglosan las matemáticas del Monopoly. Si bien no es el único ingrediente para jugar correctamente al Monopoly, es importante. Este artículo de Business Insider de Walt Hickey es un excelente manual, y este artículo Thrillist de Daisy Barringer brinda aún más consejos. https://www.businessinsider.com/math-monopoly-statistics-2013-6 https://www.thrillist.com/entertainment/nation/how-to-win-at-monopoly-every-time-according-to-experts Si realmente quieres profundizar en los campeonatos de Monopoly, echa un vistazo a la historia de Fandom, incluida la aparición de Valentine en 2015. https://monopoly-championship-history.fandom.com/wiki/MONOPOLY_Championship_History_Wiki La mayoría de los mejores jugadores de Monopoly siguen los pasos de Philip Orbanes, quien ha escrito algunos libros de Monopoly, incluida esta guía. Su libro de historia general de los juegos de mesa, The Game Makers, es una lectura divertida (pero no realmente sobre estrategia de juego). https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Monopoly_Companion.html?id=x42RxZP8VyMC https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Game_Makers.html?id=pxPgwAEACAAJ

Épisode 1230 - La foto del eclipse que hizo famoso a Einstein

24 novembre 2020

This is a republished video for our Spanish-speaking audience. Watch the original video in English here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HLxvq_M4218 En 1919, un eclipse solar total ayudó a redefinir la gravedad. La teoría de la relatividad general de Albert Einstein, publicada en 1915, definía la gravedad como la influencia de objetos masivos, como planetas y estrellas, que curvaban el espacio a su alrededor. Esto era muy diferente de la forma en que Isaac Newton había definido la gravedad más de 200 años antes: Newton describió una fuerza de atracción que mantenía a los planetas y las estrellas en órbita entre sí. Si Einstein tenía razón, entonces la luz también se doblaría cerca de objetos masivos. Y en 1919, dos expediciones británicas se propusieron probarlo fotografiando un eclipse solar total. Al comparar la posición de las estrellas con el sol frente a ellas y otra con el sol en otra parte, Arthur Eddington y su equipo demostraron que las posiciones aparentes de las estrellas se movieron durante el eclipse. Esta fue la primera, pero no la última vez que se probó y comprobó la teoría de la relatividad general de Einstein, y Einstein se convirtió en una celebridad de la noche a la mañana. Y siguió siendo un ícono de la cultura pop por el resto de su vida. Más información: Una determinación de la desviación de la luz por el campo gravitacional del sol, a partir de las observaciones realizadas en el eclipse total del 29 de mayo de 1919 (Dyson, Eddington, Davidson, 1920): http://w.astro.berkeley.edu/~kalas/labs/documents/dyson1920.pdf Eclipse 1919.org: https://eclipse1919.org/ Darkroom es una serie de historia y fotografía que ancla cada episodio en una sola imagen. Analizar lo que muestra la foto (o no muestra) proporciona un contexto que ayuda a desentrañar una historia más amplia. Mira los episodios anteriores aquí: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ddiOJLuu2mo&list=PLJ8cMiYb3G5ce8J4P5j5qOEtYR94Z3DQs

Épisode 1235 - Why Poland is having huge protests

8 décembre 2020

The country’s women are furious at their government. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO In October and November of 2020, Poland saw its biggest protests since the fall of its communist regime 30 years ago. Hundreds of thousands of women marched in defiance of a new court ruling that would outlaw abortions under almost any circumstance. Poland has long had some of the strictest abortion laws in Europe. But in 2015, the right-wing party Law and Justice (PiS) came to power in Poland, and promptly started trying to narrow abortion access in the country even further. In 2016 they attempted to pass a total ban. They failed. But in 2020, at the ruling party’s request, Poland’s highest court ruled that almost all abortions were illegal. They did so because Law and Justice had spent the previous few years degrading the court’s independence and turning it into an arm of the party. The protests began immediately, partly because of the ruling itself but also because of what it represents: the risk of losing not only reproductive rights but the country’s democratic institutions. To understand why this ruling has driven so many into the streets, and exactly why it threatens Poland’s democracy, watch the video above. Note: At 1:50, a previous version of this video illustrated a quote from Law & Justice party leader Jarosław Kaczyński with a photo of his late twin brother, former president Lech Kaczyński. The error has been corrected. Sources and further reading: To explore abortion laws around the world, check out this interactive map by the Center for Reproductive Rights: https://reproductiverights.org/worldabortionlaws If you prefer a comparative review of European abortion laws you can find it here: https://reproductiverights.org/sites/default/files/documents/European%20abortion%20law%20a%20comparative%20review.pdf To understand Poland’s evolution on abortion laws, from 1955 when it was legal on request to today's which are among the most restrictive in Europe, check out this article: https://www.jstor.org/stable/2137747?seq=1 If you’d like to read Poland’s current abortion law, established in 1993, you can find it here: https://www.reproductiverights.org/sites/crr.civicactions.net/files/documents/Polish%20abortion%20act--English%20translation.pdf You can read the Constitutional Tribunal’s abortion ruling, issued on October 22nd, 2020, here: https://trybunal.gov.pl/en/hearings/judgments/art/11300-planowanie-rodziny-ochrona-plodu-ludzkiego-i-warunki-dopuszczalnosci-przerywania-ciazy Poland’s ruling drew condemnation from the Council of Europe, whose commissioner for human rights, Dunja Mijatović, called it "a sad day for women’s rights." You can learn more about that here: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/22/poland-rules-abortion-due-to-foetal-defects-unconstitutional The European Stability Initiative has released a report detailing the collapse of the rule of law in Poland. You can find it here: https://www.esiweb.org/publications/where-law-ends-collapse-rule-law-poland-and-what-do The Venice Commission, officially European Commission for Democracy through Law, is an advisory body of the Council of Europe, composed of independent experts in the field of constitutional law. You can read their opinion on Poland’s Constitutional Tribunal here: https://www.venice.coe.int/webforms/documents/default.aspx?pdffile=CDL-AD(2016)026-e A shorter statement by the President of the Venice Commission can be found here: https://www.coe.int/en/web/human-rights-rule-of-law/events/-/asset_publisher/E5WWthsy4Jfg/content/statement-by-the-president-of-the-venice-commission-regarding-the-constitutional-tribunal-of-poland Thanks for watching! And please let us know what you think in the comments. Watch our related video, why Poland's far-right party is pushing the EU into crisis: https://youtu.be/P8MQTgdjcLE Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1237 - Wie man richtig Monopoly spielt

15 décembre 2020

This is a republished video for our German-speaking audience. Watch the original video in English here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wK7xcWFgHoA&t=21s Wie gewinnt man Monopoly? Und zwar ohne dabei nicht den Spaß am Spiel zu verlieren? Abonniert unseren Kanal! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Gibt es eine richtige Art und Weise, Monopoly zu spielen? Brian Valentine versucht sich an einer Antwort — Valentine war Vertreter der Vereinigten Staaten bei den Monopoly-Weltmeisterschaften 2015, wo er den dritten Platz belegte. Wie im obigen Video zu sehen, bedeutet Monopoly zu spielen, alle Regeln neu zu erlernen, Schlüsselstrategien zu verinnerlichen und vor allem Deine Mitspieler/innen wertzuschätzen. Valentine teilt mit uns sein Wissen über Wahrscheinlichkeits-Heatmaps (Diagramme die Aufschluss über die Wahrscheinlichkeit geben, auf einem bestimmten Spielfeld zu landen), über die Feinheiten von Spielzügen rund um Häuser und Hotels, und er bietet sogar ein paar Tipps dazu, wie man Spiele für alle Beteiligten spaßig und nicht erbittert gestaltet. Weiterführende Literatur: Es gibt massenweise Artikel, die die Mathematik hinter Monopoly verständlich erklären. Während Mathematik nicht der einzige Bestandteil ist, den man benötigt, um Monopoly richtig zu spielen, ist sie ein extrem wichtiger. Dieser Artikel aus dem Business Insider von Walt Hickey ist eine fantastische Einführung, und dieser Artikel aus Thrillist von Daisy Barringer bietet darüber hinaus noch viele weitere gute Tipps. https://www.businessinsider.com/math-monopoly-statistics-2013-6 https://www.thrillist.com/entertainment/nation/how-to-win-at-monopoly-every-time-according-to-experts Für alle, die tiefergehende Informationen zum Thema „Monopoly-Weltmeisterschaften“ suchen, empfiehlt sich ein Blick in die Fandom Geschichte dieser Wettkämpfe, die auch einen Hinweis auf Valentine’s Auftritt 2015 enthält. https://monopoly-championship-history.fandom.com/wiki/MONOPOLY_Championship_History_Wiki ... Die meisten Monopoly Top-Spieler treten in die Fußstapfen von Philip Orbanes, der einige Monopoly-Bücher geschrieben hat, inklusive des im Folgenden aufgeführten Leitfadens. Orbanes‘ allgemeine Geschichte des Brettspiels, „The Game Makers“, bietet ebenfalls spannende Lektüre (wenngleich es nicht wirklich um Strategien des Spielablaufs geht). https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Monopoly_Companion.html?id=x42RxZP8VyMC https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Game_Makers.html?id=pxPgwAEACAAJ

Épisode 1238 - Der Kampf um Amerikas 51. Staat – kurz erklärt

15 décembre 2020

This is a republished video for our German-speaking audience. Watch the original video in English here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bfUeekXbYzk Washington D. C. stand noch nie so kurz davor, ein Bundesstaat zu werden. Könnte das schon bald wirklich passieren? Abonniert unseren Kanal! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Am 26. Juni 2020 stimmte das US-Repräsentantenhaus dafür, Amerikas Hauptstadt Washington D. C. zum 51. Bundesstaat der Vereinigten Staaten zu machen. Hierbei handelte es sich um ein historisches Votum, in der das Land – 60 Jahre nach der letzten Aufnahme eines Staates – dieser Entscheidung näher gekommen ist als je zuvor. Zunächst jedoch nur symbolisch, denn zumindest im Jahr 2020 hat D. C. keine Chance, ein Staat zu werden. Die Abstimmung verlief am 26. Juni fast ausschließlich nach parteipolitischen Gesichtspunkten; während die Demokraten größtenteils für die Staatlichkeit von D. C. stimmten, waren die Republikaner dagegen. Das hängt damit zusammen, dass die Demokraten durch die Schaffung von D. C. als Bundesstaat zusätzliche Sitze im Kongress erhalten und dadurch das Machtverhältnis zwischen den Parteien beeinträchtigt würde. Aus diesem Grund haben Präsident Trump und der von den Republikanern kontrollierte Senat versprochen, jeden Vorschlag D. C. zu einem Bundesstaat zu machen, abzulehnen. Staatlichkeit war in den USA schon immer ein politisches Thema. In der Vergangenheit fügten die Amerikaner Staaten vorwiegend paarweise hinzu, um das politische Gleichgewicht zu erhalten. In diesem Zuge kam es zwar vor, dass ein einzelner Bundesstaat zugelassen wurde, dies zählte jedoch eher zu den Ausnahmen. Dennoch sprechen starke Argumente für die Staatlichkeit in D. C.: Die Stadt hat eine ähnlich hohe Bevölkerungszahl wie andere Bundesstaaten; die über hunderttausend Einwohner haben bei der nationalen Gesetzgebung kein Mitspracherecht; die lokale Regierung ist immer der Gefahr ausgesetzt, von dem Kongress sowie der Regierung überwältigt zu werden. Vereinfacht gesagt, die Gesetze, die den Bezirk damals schufen, sahen es nicht vor, dass aus Washington D. C. eines Tages eine Großstadt wird. Als 1993 das letzte Mal im Kongress über die Staatlichkeit abgestimmt wurde, war das demokratisch kontrollierte Abgeordnetenhaus noch dagegen – aktuell wäre die

Épisode 1239 - Das Sonnenfinsternis-Foto, das Einstein berühmt machte

15 décembre 2020

This is a republished video for our German-speaking audience. Watch the original video in English here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HLxvq_M4218&t=1s Im Jahr 1919 verhalf eine totale Sonnenfinsternis der Schwerkraft zu einer neuen Definition. Albert Einsteins allgemeine Relativitätstheorie, die 1915 erschien, definierte Schwerkraft als Einwirkung massiver Körper, wie beispielsweise Planeten und Sterne, die den Raum, der sie umgibt, krümmen. Diese Definition wich komplett von der Isaac Newtons ab, der Schwerkraft über 200 Jahre früher als eine anziehende Kraft beschrieben hatte, die Planeten und Sterne in ihrer gegenseitigen Umlaufbahn hält. Wenn Einstein Recht hatte, würde sich auch Licht in der Nähe massiver Körper krümmen. Im Jahr 1919 machten sich zwei Britische Expeditionen auf, diese Hypothese zu überprüfen, indem sie eine totale Sonnenfinsternis fotografierten. Durch einen Vergleich der Stellung bestimmter Sterne, einmal mit der Sonne vor ihnen, und einmal mit der Sonne anderweitig positioniert, konnten Arthur Eddington und sein Team beweisen, dass sich die scheinbar fixe Position der Sterne während der Sonnenfinsternis bewegte. Dies war das erste, wenngleich nicht das letzte Mal, dass Einsteins allgemeine Relativitätstheorie überprüft und bewiesen wurde. Einstein wurde über Nacht zur Berühmtheit und sollte für den Rest seines Lebens eine Ikone der Popkultur bleiben. Weiterführende Literatur: Eine Bestimmung der durch das Gravitationsfeld der Sonne ausgelösten Lichtablenkung - basierend auf Beobachtungen, die während der totalen Sonnenfinsternis am 29 Mai 1919 durchgeführt wurden (Dyson, Eddington, Davidson, 1920): http://w.astro.berkeley.edu/~kalas/labs/documents/dyson1920.pdf Sonnenfinsternis 1919.org: https://eclipse1919.org/ Darkroom ist eine Geschichts- und Fotografie-Serie, bei der jede Episode von einem einzelnen Bild ausgeht. Die Analyse dessen, was das Foto zeigt (oder nicht zeigt) liefert den nötigen Kontext, um eine breitere Geschichte zu entfalten.Schaut Euch bisherige Episoden hier an: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ddiOJLuu2mo&list=PLJ8cMiYb3G5ce8J4P5j5qOEtYR94Z3DQs

Épisode 1240 - Napoleon's missing hand, explained

18 décembre 2020

Napoleon Bonaparte was often depicted concealing a hand inside his shirt. Why? Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Napoleon Bonaparte is one of history’s most famous figures and has been depicted in countless portraits. Often, paintings show him with one hand concealed inside his shirt. The gesture is a common feature of caricatures and impressions of the conqueror, and its frequent appearance has led to speculation about why he seemed to do it so often. The answer is rooted in the gesture’s history. Concealing a hand in one’s coat has long signified gentlemanly restraint, and was often associated with nobility. It goes as far back as ancient Greece, when famed orator Aeschines claimed that restricting the movement of one’s hand was the proper way to speak in public. Portraits of Napoleon adopting this pose are an example of propaganda — the most famous version being Jacques-Louis David’s 1812 painting of Napoleon in his study. It portrays the ruler as a modest and hardworking leader, even though outside of France Napoleon was often labeled a tyrant and considered to be ill-tempered. The hand-in-waistcoat gesture became a common way to depict him during his lifetime and long after he died. The pose also became a portraiture cliché with the advent of photography, thanks to its dignified reputation — and because it was a good way to sit still during the long exposure times of early photography. Further reading: Re-dressing Classical Statuary: The Eighteenth-Century "Hand-in-Waistcoat" Portrait, by Arline Meyer https://www.jstor.org/stable/3046079?seq=1 Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1243 - The real cost of smart speakers

28 décembre 2020

Alexa's recording you. What’s she doing with it? Read Sara’s article about the privacy settings on your smart speaker: https://www.vox.com/recode/2020/12/9/22160427/amazon-alexa-google-assistant-siri-holidays Correction: At 0:58, we mistakenly suggest that every 1 in 5 American households has a smart speaker. In fact, over one-third of U.S. adults has a smart speaker. We regret the error. In 2014, Amazon debuted a simple but industry-changing product: the smart speaker. Technically the Amazon Echo was just a microphone attached to the internet that you installed in your home. But it let users ask a digital assistant, Alexa, thousands of questions and commands, and it was a hit. Before long, Google and Apple followed with their own smart speakers, and today, a device that began as a curiosity has become commonplace: one in five US households now owns a smart speaker. Smart speakers offer convenience; much of their popularity can simply be chalked up to that. But tech companies are also clearly pushing the technology onto consumers hard, sometimes selling smart speakers at rock-bottom prices, and building the “listening” technology that drives them into all sorts of other products, from headphones to doorbells. And a big reason for that is all the data that they produce. Just like our web searches, online purchases, and social networks, every command you give to a smart speaker is a new piece of data that tech companies own. Most likely, your voice recordings are already being used for improving those companies’ listening algorithms and ad targeting, but there’s very little transparency and no way to know exactly how they use human voice data. All we really know is that these devices have enabled their manufacturers to collect gigantic troves of voice recordings — and that opting out of it isn’t always easy. Open Sourced is a year-long reporting project from Recode by Vox that goes deep into the closed ecosystems of data, privacy, algorithms, and artificial intelligence. Learn more at http://www.vox.com/opensourced This project is made possible by the Omidyar Network. All Open Sourced content is editorially independent and produced by our journalists. Watch all episodes of Open Sourced right here on YouTube: http://bit.ly/2tIHftD Become a part of the Open Sourced Reporting Network and help our reporting. Join here: http://www.vox.com/opensourcednetwork Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1244 - India's huge farmer protests, explained

30 décembre 2020

Thousands of India’s farmers have set up camp in Delhi. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO In November 2020, thousands of farmers marched from the northern states of India to Delhi to protest farming reforms passed by Prime Minister Modi’s government. Those protests have continued throughout the month of December and show little sign of letting up. The farmers have set up camp in and around the capital city to pressure the government to repeal the laws, but the government won’t budge. The government says these new laws will modernize farming by liberalizing the industry, but India’s farmers say it will be their downfall. Under these new policies, farmers will have fewer government protections and will likely lose the government-regulated markets and prices they have relied on for decades. To make matters even more difficult, all this is happening as India’s farmers grapple with a shrinking share of the economy that has contributed to a suicide crisis around the country. To understand the three farming reforms and why they have driven so many farmers into the streets, as well as the history behind the problems farmers have been facing for decades, watch the video above. Sources and further reading: If you want to read the three laws behind the protests, issued in late September, you can find them here: https://ruralindiaonline.org/library/tags/farm-bills/ For a deep dive into "mandis," or India’s regulated whole markets, check out the report “Understanding Mandis: Market Towns and the Dynamics of India’s Rural and Urban Transformations” by Mekhala Krishnamurthy: https://casi.sas.upenn.edu/sites/default/files/research/Understanding%20Mandis%20-%20D.%20Kapur%2C%20M.%20Krishnamurthy.pdf Here, you can explore data that shows the impact of the farming reforms on the whole markets since they were announced in June 2020: https://agmarknet.gov.in/SearchCmmMkt.aspx?Tx_Commodity=0&Tx_State=0&Tx_District=0&Tx_Market=0&DateFrom=01-Jun-2020&DateTo=16-Dec-2020&Fr_Date=01-Jun-2020&To_Date=16-Dec-2020&Tx_Trend=1&Tx_CommodityHead=--Select--&Tx_StateHead=--Select--&Tx_DistrictHead=--Select--&Tx_MarketHead=--Select-- To learn more about the “Green Revolution” and the impact it had on India and its agriculture, check out this detailed report by the Journal of Ethnic Foods: https://journalofethnicfoods.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s42779-019-0011-9 If you want to explore India’s agricultural economy in relation to the country’s GDP over time, check out this data from the World Bank: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NV.AGR.TOTL.ZS?locations=IN Here is some more data compiled by the Government of India on India’s farmer suicide crisis: https://ncrb.gov.in/sites/default/files/chapter-2-suicides-2018.pdf And a link to international suicide hotline numbers: https://www.opencounseling.com/suicide-hotlines Finally, you can read our written explainer on Vox.com here: https://www.vox.com/2020/12/2/21726648/india-farmer-protests-strike-action-new-delhi Thanks for watching and let us know what you think in the comments! Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1247 - The warning signs before the Capitol riot

16 janvier 2021

No one should have been surprised. Subscribe to our channel and turn on notifications (?) so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Law enforcement agencies have said they had "no intelligence" indicating that a group of Trump supporters would overpower police and enter the US Capitol building on January 6, 2021. But journalists and researchers who study the online far right say that's not true. In fact, the groups at the heart of the riot had been planning it for days, in plain sight, on social media -- and the signs that an event like this was imminent had been coming for years. Reporters Logan Jaffe (ProPublica) and Robert Evans (Bellingcat) describe the warning signs they observed weeks, months, and even years before a mob of Trump supporters broke into the US Capitol building. Sources: Propublica: Members of Several Well-Known Hate Groups Identified at Capitol Riot https://www.propublica.org/article/several-well-known-hate-groups-identified-at-capitol-riot?utm_source=sailthru&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=majorinvestigations&utm_content=feature Propublica: Capitol Rioters Planned for Weeks in Plain Sight. The Police Weren’t Ready. https://www.propublica.org/article/capitol-rioters-planned-for-weeks-in-plain-sight-the-police-werent-ready Bellingcat: How the Insurgent and MAGA Right are Being Welded Together on the Streets of Washington D.C. https://www.bellingcat.com/news/americas/2021/01/05/how-the-insurgent-and-maga-right-are-being-welded-together-on-the-streets-of-washington-d-c/ SPLC: Extremists Are Cashing in on a Youth-Targeted Gaming Website https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2020/11/17/extremists-are-cashing-youth-targeted-gaming-website Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1251 - The phony health craze that inspired hypnotism

27 janvier 2021

In the 1780s, a charismatic healer caused a stir in Paris. Subscribe to Vox and turn on notifications (?) so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Scientific progress in the 18th century in Europe, a period known as the “Age of Enlightenment,” was demystifying the universe with breakthroughs in chemistry, physics, and philosophy. But medical practices were still relying on centuries-old treatments, like leeching and bloodletting, which were painful and often ineffective. So when Franz Anton Mesmer, a charismatic physician from Vienna, began “healing” people in Paris using an alternative therapeutic practice he called “animal magnetism,” it got a lot of attention. Mesmer claimed that an invisible magnetic fluid was the life force that connected all things and that he had the power to regulate it to restore health in his patients. He was a celebrity figure until the King of France, Louis XVI, commissioned a group of leading scientists to investigate his methods in 1784. Benjamin Franklin headed the commission, and they debunked the existence of the magnetic fluid in the first-known blind experiment. Mesmer was ruined, but “mesmerism” didn’t end there. The report also acknowledged that Mesmer’s methods were making his patients feel better, which they attributed to the power of the human imagination. This experiment ultimately laid the groundwork for our understanding of the placebo effect and inspired an evolution of Mesmer’s practice into something more recognizable today: hypnotism. Further reading: Mesmerising Science: The Franklin Commission and the Modern Clinical Trial, by Urte Laukaityte https://publicdomainreview.org/essay/mesmerising-science-the-franklin-commission-and-the-modern-clinical-trial Franz Anton Mesmer and the Rise and Fall of Animal Magnetism, by Doug Lanska https://academia.dk/MedHist/Biblioteket/pdf/Mesmer-and-the-Rise-and-Fall-of-Animal-Magnetism.pdf Note: The headline on this piece has been updated. Previous headline: Hypnotism evolved from a phony health craze Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1252 - mRNA vaccines, explained

2 février 2021

Why some Covid-19 vaccines were developed faster than any vaccine ever. Subscribe and turn on notifications (? ) so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Researchers working on Covid-19 vaccines have smashed speed records, bringing new vaccines from development to distribution in less than a year. They did this with the help of billions of dollars of unprecedented global investment -- but also, in some cases, with a new type of vaccine technology. There are four traditional types of vaccines, and they all require the growing and handling of live pathogens in a lab, a time-consuming process than can add months or years to development. But two new types of vaccines skip that step altogether by moving that work from the lab to our bodies. mRNA vaccines, like the ones from Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna; and Adenovirus vaccines, like those from Johnson & Johnson and AstraZeneca; do this by sending genetic instructions directly into our cells, which then produce the harmless protein the body needs to learn to fight Covid-19. Because these proteins are produced from within cells rather than injected from the outside, they may be less likely to provoke adverse reactions in the recipient. The result has been a host of vaccines developed faster than ever. But it's also ushered us into a new age of vaccine technology, one in which we can send our own bodies the instructions on how to protect themselves. That technology is already being used to drive research on vaccines for HIV and cancer. These new types of vaccines are weapons we developed to fight the coronavirus - but their real impact is just beginning. Note: The headline on this video has been changed. Previous title: How the newest vaccines fight Covid-19 Further reading: Our original article on Vox.com by Umair Irfan: https://www.vox.com/2020/8/13/21359025/coronavirus-vaccine-covid-19-moderna-oxford-mrna-adenovirus A breakdown of the types of vaccines: https://www.vaccines.gov/basics/types Infographic on the differences between mRNA vaccines and traditional vaccines: https://www.breakthroughs.com/advancing-medical-research/what-makes-rna-vaccine-different-conventional-vaccine The New York Times has a really wonderful in-depth breakdown of how each of the vaccines work: https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/health/how-covid-19-vaccines-work.html Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1256 - Why Jakarta is sinking

19 février 2021

The 400-year curse dragging Indonesia's capital into the sea. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Like many coastal cities around the world, Jakarta is dealing with sea level rise. But Indonesia's biggest city also has a unique problem: Because of restricted water access in the city, the majority of its residents have to extract groundwater to survive. And it's causing the city to sink. Today, Jakarta is the world’s fastest-sinking city. The problem gets worse every year, but the root of it precedes modern Indonesia by centuries. In the 1600s, when the Dutch landed in Indonesia and built present-day Jakarta, they divided up the city to segregate the population. Eventually, that segregation led to an unequal water piping system that excluded most Indigenous Jakartans, forcing them to find other ways to get water. To understand how it all ties together, and what’s in store for Jakarta’s future, watch the video above. Sources and further reading: If you want to learn more about the development of Jakarta’s urban water supply going all the way back to colonial times, check out Michelle Kooy’s detailed reports: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-2427.2008.00791.x https://www.academia.edu/3682152/Splintered_networks_The_colonial_and_contemporary_waters_of_Jakarta To understand Jakarta’s colonial history and the segregation that came of it, check out this article from the Journal of Historians of Netherlandish Art: https://jhna.org/articles/dutch-batavia-exposing-hierarchy-dutch-colonial-city/ To read about the evolution of the canals the Dutch built in present-day Jakarta and how their deterioration impacted water access and segregation, here’s a study from Dr. Euis Puspita Dewi, who we feature in the video: https://scholar.ui.ac.id/en/publications/urban-canals-in-colonial-batavia-rethinking-clean-and-dirt-space To get a broader look at the many other cities sinking in Indonesia, check out this article by Dr. Estelle Chaussard: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0034425712003975 Thanks for watching and let us know what you think in the comments! Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1257 - The boxing film that was banned around the world

24 février 2021

In 1910, boxing heavyweight champion Jack Johnson defeated Jim Jeffries in the "Battle of the Century," and the nation erupted. Subscribe to Vox and turn on notifications (?) so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO On December 26, 1908, American boxer Jack Johnson became the first Black heavyweight champion of the world, after defeating defending champion Tommy Burns in a title fight in Sydney, Australia. Black fighters were typically denied the chance to win the heavyweight title, a de-facto line of segregation that was known as “the color line.” So when Burns accepted Johnson’s challenge and lost, the film that was distributed around the fight proved controversial. The white boxing world set out to find a white heavyweight to beat Johnson and take back the title. That white fighter ended up being James Jeffries, a former heavyweight champion who had retired undefeated. Their fight, hyped as the “Battle of the Century,” took place in Reno, Nevada, on July 4, 1910, in front of 20,000 mostly-white spectators and nine motion picture cameras. Throughout the nation, many thousands more listened to live telegram bulletins of each round. Johnson beat Jeffries easily, and, as a result, racist mob violence broke out across the country, and Black Americans celebrating Johnson’s win were attacked, and some were killed. The film of the fight became notorious worldwide and was the most talked-about motion picture of its time. Johnson lost the heavyweight title in 1915 after successfully defending it eight times, but remained an inspiration for many fighters to come. Further reading: Fight Pictures: A History of Boxing and Early Cinema, by Dan Streible https://www.ucpress.edu/book/9780520250758/fight-pictures Prizefighting and the Birth of Movie Censorship, by Barak Orbach https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/yjlh/vol21/iss2/3/ Jack Johnson, Rebel Sojourner: Boxing in the Shadow of the Global Color Line, by Theresa Runstedtler https://www.ucpress.edu/book/9780520280113/jack-johnson-rebel-sojourner Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1258 - How Alexei Navalny became Putin's greatest threat

26 février 2021

Navalny's movement is unlike any in recent history. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO In 2006, a lawyer named Alexei Navalny started a blog where he wrote about corruption in his home country of Russia. It’s the most prominent problem under the regime of Vladimir Putin, who has ruled Russia since 2000. Putin has systematically taken over the country’s independent media, oligarchy, elections, and laws to cement his own power and wield corruption to his advantage. That’s what Navalny set out to expose. And in 2010, he published a groundbreaking investigation into a state-owned transportation company, Transneft, which was funneling state money into the hands of its executives. The post launched Navalny into politics. By 2016, he had become the face of Russia’s opposition movement, run for mayor, and was running for president against Putin himself. Navalny was unifying Russia’s opposition like no politician had before. That’s why the Kremlin tried to kill him. Navalny survived the assassination attempt, launching a movement never before seen in Russia. Further reading: Alex Ward, Vox, https://www.vox.com/22254292/alexei-navalny-russia-protests-vladimir-putin-palace-video Frontline, https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/interview/vladimir-kara-murza/ Bellingcat, https://www.bellingcat.com/news/uk-and-europe/2020/12/14/fsb-team-of-chemical-weapon-experts-implicated-in-alexey-navalny-novichok-poisoning/ Levada Center, https://www.dropbox.com/s/xj4ptyse6wob6u9/united_russia_as_the_dominant_party.pdf?dl=0 Atlantic, https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2013/07/is-aleksei-navalny-a-liberal-or-a-nationalist/278186/ Alexei Navalny, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ipAnwilMncI Masha Gessen, the NYer, https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-columnists/across-russia-pro-navalny-demonstrations-continue-to-build-momentum?utm_brand=tny&utm_social-type=owned&utm_source=twitter&mbid=social_twitter&utm_medium=social Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H Note: The headline has been updated Previous headline: Why Putin wants Alexei Navalny dead

Épisode 1261 - Can we get rid of Covid-19 forever?

10 mars 2021

How to eradicate a disease, in 4 steps. ✉️ Sign up for our newsletter: http://www.vox.com/video-newsletter As of March 2021, Covid-19 has killed more than 2.5 million people. It’s brought on a dramatic economic downfall, a mental health crisis, and has generally just put the world on pause. But we don’t have to look far back in history to see how much worse it could have been. Smallpox was twice as contagious as Covid-19, and over 60 times as deadly. It plagued humanity for centuries, left many survivors blinded and covered in scars, and killed hundreds of millions of people in the 20th century alone. But today, smallpox has been eradicated. Through a massive global effort, we were able to wipe the disease completely out of existence. So can we do the same thing with Covid-19? And if we can’t, what are our other options? Read the article this video is based on, by Kelsey Piper: https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/21493812/smallpox-eradication-vaccines-infectious-disease-covid-19 On Smallpox: https://www.amazon.com/House-Fire-Eradicate-Smallpox-California/dp/0520274474 https://www.cdc.gov/smallpox/history/history.html Edward Jenner’s story and more on the first vaccine: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1200696/ https://www.who.int/news-room/feature-stories/detail/smallpox-vaccines https://sitn.hms.harvard.edu/flash/special-edition-on-infectious-disease/2014/the-fight-over-inoculation-during-the-1721-boston-smallpox-epidemic/ On the Balmis Expedition, which brought the smallpox vaccine around the world: https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2021/01/orphans-smallpox-vaccine-distribution/617646/ The fascinating story of the last smallpox outbreak in the United States: https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/18/nyregion/nyc-smallpox-vaccine.html Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1263 - The bridge design that helped win World War II

12 mars 2021

It’s a simple innovation that helped win a war. The Bailey bridge was Donald Bailey’s innovative solution to a number of wartime obstacles. The allies needed a way to cross bodies of water quickly, but bombed-out bridges — or an absence of crossings entirely — made that incredibly difficult. That was only compounded by new, heavy tanks that needed incredibly strong support. Bailey’s innovation — a modular, moveable panel bridge — solved those problems and gave the allies a huge advantage. The 570-pound steel panel could be lifted by just six men, and the supplies could fit inside small service trucks. Using those manageable materials, soldiers could build crossings sufficient for heavy tanks and other vehicles. As impressive, the Bailey bridge could be rolled across a gap from one side to the other, making it possible to build covertly or with little access to the other side. Together, all the Bailey bridge’s advantages changed bridge construction and may have helped win the war. Further reading: John A. Thierry’s contemporaneous history of the Bailey Bridge provides a great overview: http://www.6thcorpscombatengineers.com/docs/engineers/the%20bailey%20bridge%20-%20john%20a%20thierry.pdf This Army Manual is a great look at how the Bailey Bridge worked: https://archive.org/details/DepartmentOfTheArmyTechnicalManualTM5277.PanelBridgeBaileyTypeM2.April1948/ A number of good papers about the Bailey Bridge are also available, though they sit behind a paywall. You can read Bailey’s account of his bridge: https://www.icevirtuallibrary.com/doi/abs/10.1680/ciwv1.45170.0022 Denys Begbie and Gwilym Roberts’ paper is a great summary of the Bailey Bridge’s achievements. https://www.icevirtuallibrary.com/doi/abs/10.1680/ehah.13.00022 The same goes for CJH Joiner’s history: https://www.icevirtuallibrary.com/doi/abs/10.1680/ehah.10.00002 Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1271 - Two theories for an unsolved Soviet mystery

5 avril 2021

What killed 9 hikers in 1959? ✉️ Sign up for our newsletter: http://www.vox.com/video-newsletter In February 1959 a group of hikers disappeared in the remote Ural Mountains of Western Siberia. A search party found their tent weeks later, abandoned along with all of their equipment. Frozen bodies were found 1,500 meters away, mysteriously underdressed for the weather conditions: most weren’t wearing shoes or gloves, and some were just in their sleeping clothes. Even stranger, three of the hikers had suffered major internal trauma — broken ribs and a fractured skull — and two were wearing clothes contaminated with radioactive substances. Nonetheless, the lead Soviet investigator closed the criminal case into the hikers’ deaths, concluding that an “overwhelming force” is what drove them from the tent. Theories ranging from rare weather events to conspiracy to UFOs have developed ever since, to explain what is now called the Dyatlov Pass incident. But two plausible theories, each involving an “overwhelming force” may finally explain what happened that night. It could have been a delayed slab avalanche. The hikers dug a platform into the slope of Kholat Syakhl to pitch the tent, and a scientific model published in January 2021 demonstrates that this, combined with strong downslope winds that accumulated snow above the tent, triggered a deadly slab avalanche. This type of avalanche can occur even in places not known for avalanches and can cause injuries consistent with the ones some of the hikers sustained. It also could have been a strong “katabatic wind,” a powerful wind that travels down a mountain slope, picking up speed under the force of gravity. In this scenario, a strong wind can become near-hurricane level very suddenly. If this happened the night of the incident, it could explain why the hikers would have abandoned their tent so quickly, as the powerful wind would potentially tear the tent apart. The mysterious internal injuries that some sustained are explained by a snow den the hikers dug for shelter collapsing on top of them. Both theories offer potential solutions for what drove the hikers to suddenly abandon their tent, and why some were so severely injured. Ultimately though, since there were no survivors, many of the questions surrounding the case will likely never be answered. Further reading: For all things Dyatlov: dyatlovpass.com Mechanisms of slab avalanche release and impact in the Dyatlov Pass incident in 1959, by Johan Gaume & Alexander M. Puzrin https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-020-00081-8 The Swedish-Russian Dyatlov Pass Expedition 2019, by Richard Holmgren https://www.arcdoc.se/se/blogg/dyatlov-expedition-new-theory-41712449 Avalanche Dynamics: Characteristics of Snow Avalanches in Motion, by University of Washington Press via CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 https://archive.org/details/WaSeUMCEMC4178AvalancheDynamics Note: The headline on this piece has been updated. Previous headline: What killed 9 Soviet hikers in 1959? Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1272 - How this New York island became a mass grave

7 avril 2021

And why Hart Island is changing after the coronavirus pandemic. Subscribe and turn on notifications (? ) so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Hart Island, a small piece of land off the Bronx in New York City, resurfaced in national headlines in April 2020, when New York City was the epicenter of the US coronavirus pandemic. News footage of the island’s cemetery showed trenches being filled with pine coffins, and sent shockwaves around the world. But these mass burials taking place during the pandemic are just the most recent in Hart Island’s long history. Hart Island’s “potter’s field” cemetery dates back to 1869, and for over 150 years has served as a burial ground for over 1 million New Yorkers. Over the years, infrastructure problems and a lack of reliable public access have earned Hart Island a tainted reputation. A 2021 analysis by Columbia Journalism School’s Stabile Center and THE CITY found that over 2,300 New Yorkers were buried on Hart Island in 2020. That’s more burials than any year during the AIDS epidemic, another recent health crisis. They also found that New York City is on pace to bury one in 1 in 10 Covid-19 victims on the island. The analysis of these burials shows who is more likely to be buried on Hart Island: Black and Latino residents, frontline workers, and those who have little access to health care. To understand how this ties together and what’s next for Hart Island, watch the video above. This story was produced in collaboration with THE CITY and Columbia Journalism School’s Stabile Center of Investigative Journalism, as part of “MISSING THEM,” THE CITY’s ongoing collaborative project to remember every New Yorker killed by COVID-19. “MISSING THEM’s” memorial and form: https://projects.thecity.nyc/covid-19-deaths/ Sources and additional reading: THE CITY: https://www.thecity.nyc/missing-them/2021/3/24/22349311/nyc-covid-victims-destined-for-hart-island-potters-field THE CITY: https://www.thecity.nyc/2020/12/11/22170479/hart-island-covid-memorial-new-york-city-potters-field The Hart Island Project: https://www.hartisland.net/ Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1274 - Why South Africa is still so segregated

12 avril 2021

How centuries of division built one of the most unequal countries on earth. Subscribe to our channel and turn on notifications (?) http://goo.gl/0bsAjO For decades, South Africa was under apartheid: a series of laws that divided people by race. Then, in the 1990s, those laws were dismantled. But many of the barriers they created continue to divide South Africans by skin color - which in turn determines their quality of life, access to jobs, and wealth. Racial division was built into the fabric of cities throughout South Africa, and it still hasn't been uprooted. That's partly because, while apartheid was the culmination of South Africa's racial divisions, it wasn't the beginning of them. That story starts closer to the 1800s, when the British built a network of railroads that transformed the region's economy into one that excluded most Black people -- and then made that exclusion the law. Sources and further reading: If you want to learn more about the railroads and how they impacted Cape Colony’s economy, check out this paper by Johan Fourie and Alonso Herranz Loncan: https://academic.oup.com/ereh/article-abstract/22/1/73/3930943?redirectedFrom=fulltext To understand segregation in South Africa’s major urban centers, take a look at this paper about segregation and inequality: https://www.seri-sa.org/images/SERI_Edged_out_report_Final.pdf For more information on post-Apartheid cities, you can read this paper by Edgar Pieterse (who we feature in the video): https://www.africancentreforcities.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/post-apartheid_geographies_pieterse_15dec09.pdf To explore the history and legacy of District Six, visit the District Six Museum website: https://www.districtsix.co.za/ Thanks for watching and let us know what you think in the comments! Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO

Épisode 1275 - Quiet Storm: How 1970s R&B changed late-night radio

16 avril 2021

Quiet Storm is a late-night Black radio staple. Link to the extended interview with Fredara Hadley: https://youtu.be/QjAd49e0H8s Subscribe and turn on notifications (?) so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Late one evening in the summer of 1976, a Howard University student named Melvin Lindsey was tapped to fill in as a host at WHUR, the university-owned Black radio station. He chose a lineup of his favorite R&B ballads to soundtrack Washington, DC, that evening. The show was an accidental success. Shortly thereafter he was hired, and his show had a name: The Quiet Storm. Quiet Storm radio shows have since become a staple of Black communities across the United States. In the video above Estelle Caswell, along with ethnomusicologist Fredara Hadley, break down exactly what makes Quiet Storm such a beloved black radio tradition. Also featured in the episode are radio hosts, Angela Stribling, Al Wood, and John Monds. The playlist is called "Quiet Storm Odyssey" you can find it on Spotify here: https://open.spotify.com/playlist/6cgyKA4A75Agpv6CRfBprS?si=b1B2ozp2SEebTxZp2ZJhIw Sources: Blue-Chip Black: Race, Class, and Status in the New Black Middle Class by Karyn R. Lacy The Death of Rhythm and Blues by Nelson George That's the Joint!: The Hip-hop Studies Reader by Mark Anthony Neal The Quiet Storm by Eric Harvey for Pitchfork Quiet Storm Sweeps Black Radio by Nelson George, Billboard Magazine Oct 4, 1986 Airing the Moods of Melvin Lindsey by Roger Piantadosi, The Washington Post, February 3, 1979 New, Lower Voice Deliberately Cultivated by Smokey Robinson by Jean Williams, Billboard Magazine April 12,1975 Blacks Rise by 110,000 in Suburbs by Lawrence Feinberg, The Washington Post, May 18, 1975 Blacks Total 77 Percent of District’s Population by Paul Valentine, The Washington Post, January 24, 1976 The Voice of the Evening by Jacqueline Trescott, The Washington Post, September 5, 1985 Black Perspective on the Move, The Pittsburgh Courier, February 19, 1977 Durable Radio Format Survives Shift in Tastes, Tod Beamon, The New York Times, February 19, 1987 To The White Suburbs by Carlie Douglas, Ebony Magazine, April 1973 Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1277 - Why 99% of ocean plastic pollution is "missing"

27 avril 2021

The plastic we dump into the ocean might be hiding in plain sight. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. For the past several years scientists have been trying to account for the 8 million metric tonnes of plastic that we dump into the ocean each year. The assumption was that a large portion of it was floating out in one of the large garbage patches, where swirling debris accumulates thanks to ocean gyres. But recent measurements of the amount of trash in the patches fell far short of what’s thought to be out there. Scientists are getting closer to an answer, which could help clean-up efforts and prevent further damage to marine life and ocean ecosystems. In a previous version of this video, we mistakenly compared the size of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch to the area of Australia. It is in fact roughly 1.6 million square kilometers, a little more than twice the size of the state of Texas. A huge area, but not nearly as big as Australia. Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-22939-w For anyone interested in participating in the Ocean Conservancy's annual beach clean-up events, here is the link with information: https://oceanconservancy.org/trash-free-seas/international-coastal-cleanup/ For more reading, check out this New Yorker article on the missing plastic problem, which inspired this video: https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/where-does-all-the-plastic-go Laurent Lebreton’s research that estimates the amount of debris in the garbage patches is here: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-22939-w For more about Ocean Conservancy’s work, and their annual international beach cleanup events: https://oceanconservancy.org/ For more reading about Erik Van Sebille’s work: http://erik.vansebille.com/ For more reading about Melanie Bergmann’s work: https://www.theverge.com/2021/1/12/22226655/microplastics-laundry-wastewater-plastic-pollution-arctic-ocean Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1278 - How rich countries are making the pandemic last longer

28 avril 2021

A program called Covax wants to distribute Covid-19 vaccines fairly. Is it working? Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Early in the Covid-19 pandemic, many of the world’s richest countries poured money into the race for a vaccine. Billions of dollars, from programs like the US’s Operation Warp Speed, funded development that brought us multiple Covid-19 vaccines in record time. But it also determined where those vaccines would go. Before vaccine doses had even hit the market, places like the US and the UK had bought up nearly the entire supply. This turns out to be an old story. In nearly every modern global health crisis, from smallpox to malaria to H1N1, rich countries have bought up vital medical supplies, making poor countries wait sometimes decades for life-saving support. It’s effectively a system in which where you live determines whether you live or die of a preventable disease. Leaving a disease like Covid-19 to spread unchecked in some places also gives it a chance to mutate -- and variants of the virus are already raising alarms. So: how do we get vaccines to countries that can’t afford them? One solution underway is called Covax. It’s a program co-led by the World Health Organization; Gavi, The Vaccine Alliance; and the Coalition of Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI). Its goal is to get vaccines to lower- and middle-income countries at the same time as rich countries. So how is it supposed to do that? And will it be enough? More from Vox.com’s Julia Belluz + Jen Kirby on Covax and vaccine nationalism: https://www.vox.com/21448719/covid-19-vaccine-covax-who-gavi-cepi https://www.vox.com/2021/2/24/22298981/ghana-vaccines-global-covax-initiative https://www.vox.com/2021/1/29/22253908/rich-countries-hoarding-covid-19-vaccines Duke Global Health Innovation Center data: https://launchandscalefaster.org/covid-19/vaccineprocurement More on vaccine nationalism: https://www.oxfam.org/en/press-releases/campaigners-warn-9-out-10-people-poor-countries-are-set-miss-out-covid-19-vaccine https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2021/02/04/963741244/in-vaccine-race-middle-income-nations-are-at-a-disadvantage-just-ask-peru More on the H1N1 pandemic: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2864298/ https://www.cdc.gov/flu/pandemic-resources/2009-pandemic-timeline.html Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1279 - Why the US has two different highway fonts

30 avril 2021

The typefaces on highway signs, deconstructed. Subscribe and turn on notifications (? ) so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO When you head out on the highway in the United States, you’re probably paying attention to the signs above your car and on the side of the road — the ones that direct you to your destination. If you’re looking for an exit or a rest stop, chances are you’ll see the typeface Highway Gothic. It became the highway standard in the 1950s, born out of an initiative from the California Department of Transportation to develop a clearer and more flexible standard for highway signs. But for the past decade, a new typeface has been trying to take its place: Clearview. This new typeface boasts wider spaces inside of letters and less chunky letterforms, and tries to solve some of Highway Gothic’s readability issues. Learn more in the video above. More from typeface designer Tobias Frere-Jones, who designed the typeface Interstate as an homage to Highway Gothic: https://www.moma.org/collection/works/139305 More information on how the FHWA decided to grant Clearview an interim approval: https://mutcd.fhwa.dot.gov/resources/interim_approval/ia5/ia5_termtechbrief.htm https://mutcd.fhwa.dot.gov/SHSe/Alphabets.pdf More on research behind Clearview’s legibility: https://d2dtl5nnlpfr0r.cloudfront.net/tti.tamu.edu/documents/TTI-2014-3.pdf https://trid.trb.org/view.aspx?id=713768 More on the differences between Highway Gothic and Clearview: https://qz.com/605695/font-designers-response-the-us-governments-has-decided-to-nix-clearview-from-all-highway-signs/ https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-01-27/the-official-u-s-highway-sign-font-is-changing-from-clearview-to-highway-gothic Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1281 - The surprising reason behind Chinatown's aesthetic

10 mai 2021

The iconic "Chinatown" look started as a survival strategy. Have an idea for a story we should investigate for Missing Chapter? Tell us! http://bit.ly/2RhjxMy From London, to Manila, to Melbourne, Chinatowns in cities around the world share similar design elements. And that’s on purpose. Their distinct "Chinatown" style can be traced back to a single event: the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, which came on the heels of decades of violence and racist laws targeting Chinese communities in the US. The earthquake devastated Chinatown. But in the destruction, San Francisco's Chinese businessmen had an idea for a fresh start: a way to keep their culture alive, by inventing a completely new one. Chinatown carved out a place for itself under the threat of hate and violence. Today, that legacy is staring us in the face. Explore the full Missing Chapter playlist, including episodes, a creator Q&A, and more! https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ8cMiYb3G5fR2kt0L4Nihvel4pEDw9od Check out more resources from the Chinese Historical Society of America: https://chsa.org/ Learn more from Bonnie Tsui’s book, American Chinatown: https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/American-Chinatown/Bonnie-Tsui/9781416557241 Philip P. Choy’s book, San Francisco Chinatown: http://www.citylights.com/book/?GCOI=87286100432180&fa=description and Jean Pfaelzer’s book, Driven Out: https://www.ucpress.edu/book/9780520256941/driven-out Listen to 99 Percent Invisible’s podcast on the history of Chinatown: https://99percentinvisible.org/episode/pagodas-dragon-gates/ These are some archives about the rebuilding of Chinatown: https://archive.org/details/chinesedigest11chin/page/56/mode/2up?view=theater https://archive.org/details/sanfranciscometr00wrig/page/n89/mode/2up?view=theater Check out more of Vox’s coverage of Asian American identity: https://www.vox.com/asian-america Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1283 - Why captchas are getting harder

14 mai 2021

Want to watch this video? Please identify all the traffic lights first. Subscribe and turn on notifications (? ) so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO It's not you — captchas really are getting harder. The worst part is that you’re partly to blame. Correction: At 5:22, we say that Google uses reCaptcha V2 data to train their self-driving cars and improve Google maps. While they have used V2 tests to help improve Google maps, according to an email from a Waymo representative (Google’s self-driving car project), they aren’t using this image data to train their autonomous cars. For more on the future of self-driving cars, check out this article from Vox’s Kelsey Piper: https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2020/2/14/21063487/self-driving-cars-autonomous-vehicles-waymo-cruise-uber A captcha is a simple test that intends to distinguish between humans and computers. While the test itself is simple, there's a lot happening behind the scenes. The answers we give captchas end up being used to make AI smarter, thus ratcheting up the difficulty of future captcha tests. But captchas can be broken by hackers. The tests we’re most familiar with already have been broken. Captcha makers try to stay ahead of the curve but have to balance increasing the difficulty of the test with making sure any person on earth — regardless of age, education, language, etc. — can still pass it. And eventually, they might have to phase out the test almost entirely. Read more about captchas from the Verge: https://www.theverge.com/2019/2/1/18205610/google-captcha-ai-robot-human-difficult-artificial-inte Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1284 - The dark legacy of this iconic baseball stadium

17 mai 2021

How Los Angeles destroyed a community and built a ballpark on top of it. Subscribe and turn on notifications (?) so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Before Dodger Stadium, LA had Palo Verde, La Loma, and Bishop — three neighborhoods that made up a thriving, predominantly Mexican American community in an area known as Chavez Ravine. But in the late 1940s, the city marked that area as “blighted,” setting the stage for a decade-long battle by residents to preserve the community against threats of eviction. Ultimately, the city forced out residents with little to no compensation, clearing the way for the future baseball stadium. The result is a complicated legacy, a story that's often missing from the history of Los Angeles, and for some, hard questions about what it means to be a fan of the LA Dodgers. Through interviews with several former residents of the area, this episode of Missing Chapter explores the story of the neighborhoods cleared to make way for the future chosen by the city. Note: The headline on this video has been updated. Previous headline: Dodger Stadium’s violent origin story Have an idea for a story we should investigate for Missing Chapter? Tell us! http://bit.ly/2RhjxMy Sign up for the Missing Chapter newsletter to stay up to date with the series: https://vox.com/missing-chapter Explore the full Missing Chapter playlist, including episodes, a creator Q&A, and more! https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ8cMiYb3G5fR2kt0L4Nihvel4pEDw9od For more on Chavez Ravine’s history, check out the oral history and archival project, An Unfinished Story: https://www.chavezravinela.com/home Buried Under the Blue: https://www.buriedundertheblue.com/ Eric Nusbaum’s book, Stealing Home: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/51205963-stealing-home Eric Avila’s article, “Revisiting the Chavez Ravine”: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-1-137-04269-9_8 Don Normark’s photo book: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/682304.Ch_vez_Ravine Code Switch’s article on Chavez Ravine: https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2017/10/31/561246946/remembering-the-communities-buried-under-center-field 99 Percent Invisible’s podcast: https://99percentinvisible.org/episode/beneath-the-ballpark/ Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1286 - How Native Hawaiians fought the US Navy, and won

24 mai 2021

The reclaiming of a sacred island. Subscribe and turn on notifications (? ) so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO On January 4, 1976, a fleet of boats headed toward the Hawaiian island of Kaho‘olawe. The goal: take the island back from the US military for the Hawaiian people. Since World War II, the US military had used the island for bombing practice and decimated its land. But the story of the taking of this one island was part of a bigger history of the taking of all of Hawaii. The decades-long efforts to reclaim it would help spark a movement to renew the culture and traditions of the islands — and a push for Hawaiian sovereignty. Have an idea for a story that we should investigate for Missing Chapter? Send it to us via this form! http://bit.ly/2RhjxMy Sign up for the Missing Chapter newsletter to stay up to date with the series: https://vox.com/missing-chapter Explore the full Missing Chapter playlist, including episodes, a creator Q&A, and more! https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ8cMiYb3G5fR2kt0L4Nihvel4pEDw9od Learn more about the Protect Kaho‘olawe ‘Ohana: http://www.protectkahoolaweohana.org/ Read A Nation Rising: Hawaiian Movements for Life, Land, and Sovereignty: https://www.dukeupress.edu/a-nation-rising Check out the documentary Kaho‘olawe Aloha ‘Āina: https://www.hawaiianvoice.com/products-page/spirit-of-the-land/kahoolawe-aloha-aina/ Check out the film Hawaiian Soul on the life of George Helm: https://www.hawaiiansoulmovie.com/ Check out the archives at the Kaho‘olawe Island Reserve Commission’s Living Library: http://livinglibrary.kahoolawe.hawaii.gov/index.htm Check out the documentary series Standing on Sacred Ground, which features Kaho‘olawe: https://standingonsacredground.org/film-series/islands-sanctuary/kahoolawe-hawaii Read this article in Honolulu Civil Beat on the Kaho‘olawe landing: https://www.civilbeat.org/2015/12/ian-lind-kahoolawe-40-years-later/ Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1287 - Why Ethiopia is in a civil war

28 mai 2021

The country’s leader won the Nobel Peace Prize. Then he went to war. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO In 2019, after ending Ethiopia’s decades-long war with its neighbor, Eritrea, Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. It seemed like a new beginning for Ethiopia. After decades of dictatorships and oppressive regimes, he appeared to finally be putting the country on a new path. But less than a year later, Abiy had already launched a military attack — on Tigray, a regional state in his own country. When Abiy became prime minister in 2018, he had largely supplanted Tigray’s main political party, the TPLF, as the country’s center of power. Since then, tensions between Abiy and the TPLF had escalated quickly. The political rivalry led to a dispute over an election, which led to an alleged attack on a military base — and finally to Abiy’s deployment of the military. Abiy promised to bring peace to Ethiopia; now he’s presiding over a war that exploded from dispute to devastation in a matter of weeks, and has no obvious end in sight. Much of Tigray’s territory has been captured by local armies and militias. Thousands have died or fled their homes. And many Ethiopians are left wondering how Abiy, a leader who promised a break with the past, brought them here instead. Note: The headline on this video has been updated. Previous headline: Why Ethiopia is invading itself Sources and further reading: Jen Kirby, Vox: https://www.vox.com/22370629/ethiopia-tigray-eritrea-amhara-war-ethnic-cleansing International Crisis Group: https://www.crisisgroup.org/africa/horn-africa/ethiopia/b171-ethiopias-tigray-war-deadly-dangerous-stalemate Stockholm International Peace Research Institute: https://www.acaps.org/sites/acaps/files/products/files/20210223_acaps_secondary_data_review_ethiopia_pre-crisis_situation_in_tigray.pdf Physical Geography Research Group: https://www.researchgate.net/lab/Physical-Geography-Research-Group-Jan-Nyssen Human Rights Watch: https://www.hrw.org/news/2021/02/11/ethiopia-unlawful-shelling-tigray-urban-areas UNHCR: https://data2.unhcr.org/en/working-group/284 Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1288 - Why the US government murdered Fred Hampton

2 juin 2021

What we aren't taught about the Black Panther Party. Subscribe and turn on notifications (?) so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO On December 4th, 1969, the Black Panther Party’s Illinois Chairman Fred Hampton was murdered by police. But his story is about much more than the raid that took his life. The movement Hampton helped create was unique, and revolutionary. In the late 1960s, Fred Hampton helped lead a coalition of activists, working across racial lines against a corrupt city government that threatened their communities. At the core of their work were social programs, including free breakfasts, health clinics, and legal aid. Hampton named the group the Rainbow Coalition. And because of their impact, it wasn’t long before they got the attention of the police and the FBI. What followed was an assassination, and a coverup. Watch “The Murder of Fred Hampton” http://www.chicagofilmarchives.org/pres-projects/the-murder-of-fred-hampton-1971 and “American Revolution 2”: http://www.chicagofilmarchives.org/pres-projects/american-revolution-2 Read “From The Bullet To The Ballot: The Illinois Chapter of the Black Panther Party and Racial Coalition Politics in Chicago”: https://uncpress.org/book/9781469622101/from-the-bullet-to-the-ballot/ Read “Black Against Empire: The History and Politics of the Black Panther Party” https://www.ucpress.edu/book/9780520293281/black-against-empire Check out https://www.savethehamptonhouse.org/ Watch “The First Rainbow Coalition”: https://www.pbs.org/video/the-first-rainbow-coalition-q9hsug/ Have an idea for a story that we should investigate for Missing Chapter? Send it to us via this form! http://bit.ly/2RhjxMy Sign up for the Missing Chapter newsletter to stay up to date with the series: https://vox.com/missing-chapter Explore the full Missing Chapter playlist, including episodes, a creator Q&A, and more! https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ8cMiYb3G5fR2kt0L4Nihvel4pEDw9od Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1291 - Why so many Covid-19 variants are showing up now

16 juin 2021

And what that tells us about the pandemic. Subscribe and turn on notifications (?) so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Like any virus, SARS-CoV-2 has been mutating constantly since the beginning of the pandemic. Until November of 2020, though, that didn’t seem to matter. That’s when scientists in the United Kingdom noticed an alarming change: The virus had mutated in a way that made it more transmissible. Within a month, similar reports were emerging from places around the world. Suddenly, it seemed the virus was changing at an alarming rate. SARS-CoV-2 hasn’t actually been mutating faster, though. Instead, by letting it spread around the world, we’ve just given it more and more opportunities to mutate as it replicates. The result is that, after countless random mutations, there are signs that the virus is beginning to adapt to our natural defenses. And because it’s completely normal for a virus to change over time, we shouldn’t expect it to stop. The only real way to stop those changes is to stop giving the virus so many opportunities. Read more coverage from Vox on Covid-19 variants: https://www.vox.com/science-and-health/22247525/covid-19-variants-uk-south-africa-brazil-b117-why-now https://www.vox.com/22385588/covid-19-vaccine-variant-mutation-n440k-india-moderna-pfizer-b1617 https://www.vox.com/22298973/covid-19-vaccine-mutation-coronavirus-variant-moderna-pfizer-johnson Data on Covid-19 cases and vaccination rates: https://ourworldindata.org/covid-vaccinations Interactive data on the SARS-CoV-2 genome: https://nextstrain.org/ncov/global More on the variants: https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/health/coronavirus-variant-tracker.html Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1293 - These photos sparked a Cold War propaganda feud

29 juin 2021

In 1961, Life magazine photographed systemic poverty in Brazil. One Brazilian magazine responded with a similar report — featuring photos of New York City. Subscribe and turn on notifications (?) so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Life magazine, then the most popular general interest weekly in the United States, announced in 1961 that it wanted to help win the Cold War. Communist revolutionary Fidel Castro had taken control of Cuba two years earlier, making nearby Latin American countries the newest battleground over economic influence between the capitalist US and communist Soviet Union. The magazine wanted to promote President John F. Kennedy’s new “Alliance for Progress” financial aid program, which planned to use financial incentives to encourage Latin American countries to resist communism and fall under US influence. As part of its new mission, Life sent photographer Gordon Parks to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, to report on systemic poverty there. His resulting photo essay, and in particular his main subject, 12-year-old Flavio da Silva, was hugely popular in the US. Life’s readers, moved by the photos of Flavio and his story of struggling with severe asthma, mailed in thousands in donations to “save him.” The leading pediatric asthma hospital in the US, in Denver, Colorado, offered to treat him for free. A follow-up cover story by Life, titled “Flavio’s Rescue,” celebrated American generosity. But Brazilian media saw the photo essay as a negative, stereotypical view of Brazil. Brazilian magazine O Cruzeiro — a weekly publication that, like Life, featured photographic essays — decided to respond to Life’s report. O Cruzeiro sent one of its photographers, Henri Ballot, to New York. There, he photographed a family of Puerto Rican immigrants living in a poor area of Manhattan, and O Cruzeiro printed the photos in a layout that directly copied Life’s. When examined side by side, the two photo essays — and the international feud they kicked off — tell a story of sensationalism, and propaganda. Ultimately, US intervention in Latin American in the 1960s didn’t work out as Kennedy hoped. The Alliance for Progress sent Latin American countries billions of dollars in financial aid, but it didn’t end up benefiting the people living in the region, and by the 1970s was considered a failure. Like the two photo essays, the initiative was more about propaganda than it was about addressing the root causes of poverty. The Flávio Story, co-published by Steidl Books and The Gordon Parks Foundation: https://steidl.de/Books/The-Flavio-Story-0306263147.html Darkroom is a history and photography series that anchors each episode around a single image. Analyzing what the photo shows (or doesn't show) provides context that helps unravel a wider story. Watch previous episodes here: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ8cMiYb3G5ce8J4P5j5qOEtYR94Z3DQs Note: The headline on this piece has been updated. Previous headline: These photos sparked an international magazine feud Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1294 - How sperm got all the credit in the fertilization story

2 juillet 2021

The school system probably failed you. Here’s how fertilization really happens. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO The fertilization story most of us know is skewed. In the textbooks we read in middle school and high school, it’s presented like a sort of fairytale: The strong sperm go on a journey where they have to defeat and overcome obstacles to reach the egg. Meanwhile, the egg just sits around waiting to be fertilized. The story inherently carries a lot of gender bias, and what’s worse is that it’s not entirely true. The sperm can’t make the journey on its own, and the real story of fertilization involves two reproductive systems working together. While sperm have tails that seem like they’re meant for swimming, they can’t propel themselves all the way to the egg — they need the female reproductive tract to help move them forward. And the egg doesn’t just wait around for the sperm to reach it — it has an active role in selecting which sperm will be the best one to fertilize it. So why has the fertilization story been skewed in this gender-biased way? We dig into a study of textbooks from middle school to medical school to find out. Read the original studies here: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257682406_Revisiting_The_fertilization_fairytale_an_analysis_of_gendered_language_used_to_describe_fertilization_in_science_textbooks_from_middle_school_to_medical_school https://web.stanford.edu/~eckert/PDF/Martin1991.pdf And for a deeper dive into the science of fertilization, check out Crash Course's videos on the topic: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SUdAEGXLO-8 Can ovaries make new eggs? There's an old story scientists tell about human ovaries: that they are ticking clocks that only lose eggs, never gain them. Now that story might be changing, opening the door to new treatments for infertility and menopause. Listen to more on Unexplainable, Vox's podcast that explores big mysteries, unanswered questions, and all the things we learn by diving into the unknown: https://link.chtbl.com/unexp817 Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1305 - Why the US Army tried to exterminate the bison

30 juillet 2021

And then took credit for “saving” them. Subscribe and turn on notifications (?) so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO In 1894, a notorious poacher, Ed Howell, was caught in Yellowstone National Park slaughtering bison, which were on the brink of extinction. US Army soldiers patrolling the park brought him into custody, and the story led to the first US federal law protecting wildlife. The soldiers were thought of as heroes for stopping the killer. But it was the US Army who had been responsible for driving bison to near-extinction in the first place. In the mid-1800s, a cultural belief known as “manifest destiny” dictated that white settlers were the rightful owners of the entire North American continent – even though Native Americans had inhabited the land for centuries. In order to clear that land for white settlers, the US Army engaged in violent scorched-earth tactics against the Indigenous peoples of the Great Plains. One big part of that campaign was to eliminate their crucial food source: the bison. By the end of the 1800s, a combination of commercial and recreational hunting, plus the actions of the US Army, had depleted the bison population to under a thousand, down from tens of millions at the beginning of the century. Around the same time, the US government set aside some of the land once inhabited by the Plains Indians as a national park, and in 1872 Yellowstone was established. A key mission of Yellowstone was to conserve the land and the animals that roamed there, including the bison. Today, the soldiers that once patrolled the park are celebrated for having “saved” the bison in Yellowstone, obscuring their own violent contribution to the animal’s near-extinction. Darkroom is a history and photography series that anchors each episode around a single image. Analyzing what the photo shows (or doesn't show) provides context that helps unravel a wider story. Watch previous episodes here: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ8cMiYb3G5ce8J4P5j5qOEtYR94Z3DQs Sources and further reading: "The extermination of the American bison," 1887 Smithsonian survey by William T. Hornaday: https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/29938 "Poaching Pictures," by Alan Braddock: https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/649775?refreqid=excelsior%3A36683dbe1bb52d31972b1b4b4ca591cf&seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents "The frontier army and the destruction of the buffalo," by David T. Smits: https://studylib.net/doc/8185838/the-frontier-army-and-the-destruction-of-the-buffalo Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1306 - Why the "wolf turn" is such a big deal

2 août 2021

A deceptively difficult gymnastics turn. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Every Summer Olympics, gymnasts amaze viewers by performing incredibly complex and dangerous skills. As these routines get more and more complicated, they become harder to top -- and the latest way to add value and distinguish a routine is the wolf turn. The wolf turn has actually been around for decades. But recently it’s become a favorite in balance beam and floor routines. A gymnast will get into a squat position with one leg stretched out. She’ll then stretch out her arms and wind them up. Once she finds her balance, she’ll start spinning. Finally, she’ll stop and return to her original stance. Seems pretty simple, but the movement relies on a delicate balance of mass and inertia. One wobble and things fall apart. Of course, there’s a reason gymnasts perform this delicate balance: points. The turn is used strategically because its relatively high difficulty level means judges value it more than a regular turn. To read more about how judges score gymnasts, check out this article from USA gymnastics: https://usagym.org/pages/events/pages/fig_scoring.html and this one from The Balance Beam Situation: https://balancebeamsituation.com/elite-skill-database/wolf-turn-double-balance-beam/ And make sure to check out Nicole Langevin’s podcast, What Makes You Think: https://www.audible.com/pd/Podcast/B08K56FCJV To read more Simone Biles’s role in the 2020 Olympic Games, check out this explainer from Vox: https://www.vox.com/22596910/simone-biles-withdrawal-olympic-gymnastics-team-finals-results And read all of Vox’s Tokyo Olympics coverage here: https://www.vox.com/22580164/tokyo-japan-olympics-2021-summer-covid Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1309 - The law that broke US immigration

9 août 2021

Why the US has so many undocumented immigrants. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Immigration looked very different before 1996, when President Bill Clinton signed the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act (IIRIRA). The law was supposed to stop undocumented immigration by increasing enforcement and punishing people for being in the US undocumented. Instead, it incentivized people to stay in the US — and the undocumented population doubled. When researching this story we used a lot of great resources. Here are a few of the most helpful: This collection of articles on IIRIRA by the Center for Migration Studies explains many angles on the law itself, the politics of the time that led to its passing, and the ongoing impact: https://cmsny.org/publications/jmhs-sc-iirira/ Douglas S. Massey at Princeton and his co-authors have written about how border enforcement backfired, including in this 2016 paper: https://spia.princeton.edu/system/files/research/documents/684200.pdf We got data on return probabilities to Mexico after a first undocumented trip from the Mexican Migration Project: https://mmp.opr.princeton.edu/ Polling data about Americans’ views on immigration come from the Pew Research Center and Gallup: https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/01/31/majority-of-americans-continue-to-say-immigrants-strengthen-the-u-s/ https://news.gallup.com/poll/1660/immigration.aspx Annual Border Patrol budget comes from the American Immigration Council: https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/research/the-cost-of-immigration-enforcement-and-border-security We relied on Pew’s data on the number of undocumented immigrants in the US, which also explains more on the changing nature of immigration to the US in recent years: https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2021/04/13/key-facts-about-the-changing-u-s-unauthorized-immigrant-population/ The Migration Policy Institute has covered the issue over the years, including in this recent policy brief: https://www.migrationpolicy.org/research/rethinking-us-legal-immigration-road-map Cato Institute’s Alex Nowrasteh has written about the issue, including this article on the three- and 10-year bars: https://www.cato.org/blog/removing-310-year-bars-not-amnesty Check out Vox’s past reporting on this issue to get more background: https://www.vox.com/2016/4/28/11515132/iirira-clinton-immigration https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/22451177/biden-border-immigration-enforcement-detention-deportation Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1310 - Why some animals are shrinking

12 août 2021

Birds, mammals, and fish are miniaturizing as temperatures rise. Why? Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Animals all across the world are undergoing a strange transformation. In Appalachia, salamander body sizes have decreased by 8 percent since 1960; menhaden fish caught in the Atlantic are 15 percent lighter than they were in 1987; and bird specimens at Chicago’s Field Museum have lost up to 4 percent of their body mass since collection began in the late 1970s. A growing body of evidence suggests that these changes are the product of global warming: as average temperatures rise, smaller bodies make it easier for warm-blooded animals to stay cool. For cold-blooded animals, warming temperatures speed up metabolism and stunt their full growth. These changes might appear relatively small, but they can have a huge impact on animal’s lives, making them more susceptible to predation, reduced offspring count, and drying out in droughts. Wild animals already face a wide range of threats; shrinking could push them even closer to extinction — with dire consequences for the ecosystems that humans rely on. Read more about this from Vox.com reporter Benji Jones: https://www.vox.com/22558979/animals-birds-shrinking-size-heat-climate-change And check out Vox's project Down to Earth, featuring stories about the global biodiversity crisis. https://www.vox.com/down-to-earth Read Jennifer Sheridan's 2011 perspective here: https://www.nature.com/articles/nclimate1259 And Brian Weeks' 2019 analysis: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/ele.13434 Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1312 - How the US made affordable homes illegal

16 août 2021

The rules that keep American housing expensive. Subscribe and turn on notifications (?) so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Over the past year, housing prices in the US rose precipitously. Low interest rates and millennials’ entry into the market spiked demand across the nation, leading housing prices in some cities to increase by more than 20 percent in one year, and crushing the dreams of many would-be homeowners. But housing prices in the US were a problem long before 2020 — and while demand is a big part of the story, there’s an even bigger reason it’s increasingly difficult for Americans to find affordable housing: We don’t have enough houses. According to one estimate, the US is now facing a nearly four-million-home shortage. And the primary reason for that shortage is what’s called exclusionary zoning. Zoning laws are the local rules and regulations that decide what types of homes can be built where. These rules can sometimes have good intentions. But they also have a dark history in the United States as a tool to keep certain races, religions, and nationalities out of white neighborhoods. And while zoning laws in the US are no longer explicitly racist, their effect remains basically the same: to keep affordable housing, and the people who need it, away from the wealthiest Americans. Today, in the majority of the US, especially in cities with good jobs, it’s illegal to build many affordable types of housing. And it’s led to a widespread affordability crisis. Watch the video above for more. Sources: Jerusalem Demsas reports on housing policy for Vox, and she’s written a ton about this issue: Houses are getting more and more expensive. There’s a simple fix for that: https://www.vox.com/22464801/housing-bubble-market-crash-supply-shortage-great-recession What it’ll take to fix America’s housing rules: https://www.vox.com/22252625/america-racist-housing-rules-how-to-fix The housing shortage is making discrimination a lot easier: https://www.vox.com/2021/5/26/22453293/housing-supply-shortage-discrimination-real-estate-cover-letters Why the housing market boomed despite the recession: https://www.vox.com/22264268/covid-19-housing-insecurity-housing-prices-mortgage-rates-pandemic-zoning-supply-demand The zoning maps in the video came from UC Berkeley’s Othering & Belonging Institute: https://belonging.berkeley.edu/single-family-zoning-san-francisco-bay-area Other data sources: Redfin: https://www.redfin.com/us-housing-market Freddie Mac: http://www.freddiemac.com/research/insight/20210507_housing_supply.page US Census Bureau: https://www.census.gov/construction/nrc/historical_data/index.html Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1313 - How the US created a disaster in Afghanistan

26 août 2021

What was the purpose of America's longest war? Subscribe and turn on notifications (?) so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO On August 15, 2021, the Taliban took over Afghanistan’s capital, Kabul. The Afghan president fled the country. Almost all of Afghanistan is now under Taliban control. It marks the end of an era: America’s longest war is now over, and it lost. And it happened fast, stunning the world and leaving many in the country racing to find an exit. But even among those surprised by the way the end played out, many knew the war was destined to end badly. According to some experts, the seeds of disaster were planted back at the war’s very beginning. Ever since the American war in Afghanistan began in the aftermath of the 9/11 attacks, the US government has struggled with answering exactly why the military was there. In the very beginning the goal was relatively clear: to capture the perpetrator of the attacks, Osama bin Laden. But almost immediately, the goals became murkier, and more complicated. In this video, investigative reporter Azmat Khan and former US ambassador to Afghanistan Michael McKinley explain what the US military was actually doing in Afghanistan, what it got wrong, and why America’s long intervention there is considered a failure. Some of the sources we used in our reporting: This report from Brown University’s Cost of War project has good data on how many Afghan civilians have beem killed in airstrikes: https://watson.brown.edu/costsofwar/files/cow/imce/papers/2020/Rising%20Civilian%20Death%20Toll%20in%20Afghanistan_Costs%20of%20War_Dec%207%202020.pdf The comparison of American attitudes towards the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq are from Gallup polls: https://news.gallup.com/poll/1633/iraq.aspx https://news.gallup.com/poll/167471/americans-view-afghanistan-war-mistake.aspx This annual report from the Special Inspector General for Afghanistan reconstruction provided us with a lot of information on US money and resources spent on Afghanistan since the start of the war: https://www.sigar.mil/pdf/lessonslearned/SIGAR-21-46-LL.pdf The Long War Journal’s maps on Taliban control helped us visualize how they gained ground over time: https://www.longwarjournal.org/mapping-taliban-control-in-afghanistan Other sources that we recommend for understanding this story: No Good Men Among the Living: America, the Taliban and the War Through Afghan Eyes By Anand Gopal: https://us.macmillan.com/books/9780805091793 The Whitewashing of the Afghan War by Emran Feroz: https://t.co/5y5UUDNyAl?amp=1 On the ground reporting by Ali M. Latifi: https://t.co/ibN6QeD7yV?amp=1 The Washington Post’s Afghanistan Papers database: https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/2019/investigations/afghanistan-papers/documents-database/?itid=lk_interstitial_manual_21 Ghost Students, Ghost Teachers, Ghost School by Azmat Khan: https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/azmatkhan/the-big-lie-that-helped-justify-americas-war-in-afghanistan We all lost Afghanistan by Michael McKinley: https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/united-states/2021-08-16/we-all-lost-afghanistan-taliban Vox Reporting: The rapid fall of Afghanistan to Taliban forces, explained by Natasha Ishak: https://www.vox.com/2021/8/15/22626082/kabul-capital-fall-afghanistan-government-taliban-forces-explained Who are the Taliban now, by Jen Kirby: https://www.vox.com/22626240/taliban-afghanistan-baradar Why Biden was so set on withdrawing from Afghanistan, by Andrew Prokop: https://www.vox.com/2021/8/18/22629135/biden-afghanistan-withdrawal-reasons The history of US intervention in Afghanistan, from the Cold War to 9/11, by Emily Stewart: https://www.vox.com/world/22634008/us-troops-afghanistan-cold-war-bush-bin-laden The US needs to meet its moral obligation to Afghan refugees, by Li Zhou: https://www.vox.com/22627834/afghanistan-refugee-policy-vietnam Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1314 - How oysters can stop a flood

31 août 2021

And why the world needs more of them. Subscribe and turn on notifications (?) so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO In the last century, 85% of the world’s oyster reefs have vanished. And we’re only recently beginning to understand what that’s cost us: While they don’t look incredibly appealing from the shore, oysters are vital to bays and waterways around the world. A single oyster can filter up to 50 gallons of water every day. And over time, oysters form incredible reef structures that double as habitats for various species of fish, crabs, and other animals. In their absence, our coastlines have suffered. Now, several projects from New York to the Gulf of Mexico and Bangladesh are aiming to bring the oysters back. Because not only are oysters vital ecosystems; they can also protect us from the rising oceans by acting as breakwaters, deflecting waves before they hit the shore. It won’t stop the seas from rising - but embracing living shorelines could help protect us from what’s to come. Note: The headline on this video has been changed. Previous headline: Why we need more oysters For more on living shorelines: https://www.vox.com/2019/6/3/18262182/hurricane-season-2019-storm-protection More information on the specific ways oysters can restore an ecosystem: https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/infographic/infographic-value-chesapeake-bay-oyster-habitat https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/62246ed670914525a84041ad2e13749d https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/feature-story/oyster-reefs-provide-habitat-and-filter-water-findings-show https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/article/61/2/107/242615 Further information on restoration efforts: https://www.billionoysterproject.org/ https://www.naturebasedsolutionsinitiative.org/news/oyster-reefs-in-bangladesh-and-the-gulf-of-mexico/ https://www.natureaustralia.org.au/what-we-do/our-priorities/oceans/ocean-stories/restoring-shellfish-reefs/oyster-harbour/ Related articles around New York City: https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/05/climate/shinnecock-long-island-climate.html https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2021/08/09/the-seas-are-rising-could-oysters-protect-us For more on the history of the oyster boom in New York City we highly recommend “The Big Oyster: History on the Half Shell” https://www.amazon.com/Big-Oyster-History-Half-Shell/dp/0345476395 Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1315 - Why people think this photo of JFK's killer is fake

2 septembre 2021

This photo of Lee Harvey Oswald has been analyzed for decades. Subscribe and turn on notifications (?) so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Lee Harvey Oswald was murdered two days after he was arrested for assassinating US President John F. Kennedy. But before Oswald died, he claimed that a damning piece of evidence against him — a photo showing Oswald holding the rifle that killed the president — was fake. In fact, he said his face was superimposed onto another person’s body to set him up. The photo’s authenticity has been in question ever since, and it plays a key role in the conspiracy theory surrounding JFK’s death. The shadows in the photo seem inconsistent, and Oswald’s crooked stance under the weight of the rifle looks like he is about to tip over. Plus, his face doesn’t look the same as it does in his mug shot. For decades, conspiracy theorists have used this image as key evidence to suggest that Oswald was framed. But decades of analysis — including recent 3D forensic analysis — has proved over and over that the photo is likely authentic. Darkroom is a history and photography series that anchors each episode around a single image. Analyzing what the photo shows (or doesn't show) provides context that helps unravel a wider story. Watch previous episodes here: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ8cMiYb3G5ce8J4P5j5qOEtYR94Z3DQs Here’s the full copy of Hany Farid’s 3D forensic study: https://farid.berkeley.edu/downloads/publications/jdfsl15.pdf And here’s the study by Pawan Sinha: http://web.mit.edu/sinhalab/Papers/anomalous_illumination2005.pdf Plus, more links to other resources about the photo: https://history-matters.com/archive/jfk/hsca/reportvols/vol6/html/HSCA_Vol6_0072b.htm https://aarclibrary.org/publib/jfk/wc/wr/html/WCReport_0075b.htm Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1316 - Why video game doors are so hard to get right

3 septembre 2021

Doors are hard because all of game development is hard. Subscribe and turn on notifications (?) so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Doors are so common in the real world that you probably don’t stop to think about how to operate them. But for video game designers, that’s not the case. For a video game door to feel real, it takes a ton of challenging work. Video game doors have to interact seamlessly with their surroundings, make logical sense, and look good too. They have to strike a delicate balance between real-world accuracy and playability. All these factors mean designing a door usually requires work from every department at a game company. Different types of doors require different amounts of work. And these same challenges crop up as you try to add almost any element to a game. Like any great piece of art, the blood, sweat, and tears that go into doors are often invisible. The best doors are the ones that work seamlessly, and go unnoticed. In this video, we talk to Bryan Singh, a game developer, about why doors are so tricky. Great coverage by our colleagues at The Verge: https://www.theverge.com/22328169/game-development-doors-design-difficult The Door Problem by Liz England: https://lizengland.com/blog/2014/04/the-door-problem/ Further reading on why ladders are horrible: https://egmnow.com/video-game-ladders-suck-heres-why-that-matters/ And more about why doors make combat difficult to design: https://andrewyoderdesign.blog/2019/08/04/the-door-problem-of-combat-design/ Even more on developers gripes with doors: https://www.ign.com/articles/putting-doors-in-video-games-is-a-nightmare-say-developers And info about exaggerated door sizes in games: https://www.gamesradar.com/why-are-the-doors-so-big-in-video-games-some-developers-explain Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1320 - How America's hottest city is trying to cool down

20 septembre 2021

Can trees help save Phoenix from extreme heat? Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO It’s time to stop looking at trees as a form of “beautification.” They are, instead, a living form of infrastructure, providing a variety of services that include stormwater management, air filtering, carbon sequestration, and, most importantly for a city like Phoenix, Arizona, they cool the environment around them. Trees can lower neighborhood temperatures in three ways: 1) Their shade prevents solar radiation from hitting paved surfaces like concrete and asphalt, which absorb energy and rerelease it into the air as heat. 2) Their leaves pull heat from the immediate area in order to evapotranspirate water that’s drawn from the soil. And, 3) If you’re standing under one, a tree protects your body directly from the sun’s rays. If you’ve ever made a summer visit to a dry, hot city like Phoenix, you’ll know how important shade is for making any outdoor experiences tolerable. As Phoenix deals with a rising frequency of extreme heat waves — which aren’t only deadly, but also cause worrisome spikes in energy demand — the city is looking to trees as part of its heat mitigation strategy. Phoenix isn’t devoid of trees, but they’re distributed unevenly across the city. A quick glance at a satellite image of the metro area reveals substantial green splotches in the north and east and brown ones in the south and west, where many lower-income neighborhoods are located. So Phoenix recently pledged to reach “tree equity” by 2030, under an agreement with American Forests, a national tree organization. I visited Phoenix recently to take a look at the current state of the city’s urban forest. In this video, we use drone imagery and thermal cameras to understand how the urban design of the city contributes to extreme heat, and what it can do to cool down. This is the first video of five videos we're releasing on climate change. You can watch the second video, about high-voltage transmission lines ⚡️ and why the US isn't ready for clean energy, here: https://youtu.be/s3ScJ_FwaZk And the third video dives into prescribed burns, and how a decade of suppressing forest fires ? may have made them worse, here: https://youtu.be/0o6ezu_h6iE Further reading: Tree Equity Score Tool by American Forests https://treeequityscore.org Assessment of heat mitigation strategies in Phoenix by Arizona State University https://www.phoenix.gov/parkssite/Documents/PKS_Forestry/PKS_Forestry_NOAA_PHX_Urban_Spaces_Report.pdf Urban Heat Implications from Parking, Roads, and Cars https://par.nsf.gov/servlets/purl/10201112 “Phoenix pledges tree equity for all neighborhoods by 2030” by KJZZ https://kjzz.org/content/1677263/phoenix-pledges-tree-equity-all-neighborhoods-2030 Phoenix Draft Climate Action Plan: https://www.phoenix.gov/oep/cap Phoenix tree bank https://www.phoenix.gov/sustainability/plantatree “50 Grades of Shade” by Ariane Middel https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/bams/aop/BAMS-D-20-0193.1/BAMS-D-20-0193.1.xml “A New Investigation About Who’s Getting Sick From Heat-Related Illness Should Be a Wakeup Call for America” by Mother Jones https://www.motherjones.com/environment/2021/01/a-new-investigation-about-who-is-dying-from-heat-related-illness-should-be-a-wakeup-call-for-america/ “As rising heat bakes US cities, the poor often feel it most” by NPR https://www.npr.org/2019/09/03/754044732/as-rising-heat-bakes-u-s-cities-the-poor-often-feel-it-most?t=1628079007286 “Can trees really cool our cities down?” by The Conversation https://theconversation.com/can-trees-really-cool-our-cities-down-44099 “Trees are key to fighting urban heat, but cities keep losing them” by NPR https://www.npr.org/2019/09/04/755349748/trees-are-key-to-fighting-urban-heat-but-cities-keep-losing-them Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1321 - Why the US isn't ready for clean energy

21 septembre 2021

Making clean energy isn’t enough: We also have to move it. Subscribe and turn on notifications (?) so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO In the near future, the energy made in the US is going to be much greener. The country’s current goal is for solar plants alone to make nearly half of US electricity by 2050. But we can’t just build solar plants where coal and gas plants used to be. They have to be built where it's… sunny. And wind turbines have to be built where it’s windy. The problem is, that’s not always where the people who need the power are. The distance from energy source to energy need is about to get a lot bigger. And the US is going to need more high-voltage transmission lines. A lot more. As soon as possible. While solar plants can be built relatively fast, high-voltage transmission projects can take up to 10 years. So experts say we need to start proactively building them, right now. This is the second of five videos we're releasing on climate coverage this week. You can watch the first video on extreme heat ? and what cities are doing to combat that here: https://youtu.be/ZQ6fSHr5TJg And the third video on prescribed burns ? for forests here: https://youtu.be/0o6ezu_h6iE Sources and further reading: Much of the map data in the piece comes from the Net-Zero America study out of Princeton University: https://netzeroamerica.princeton.edu/ This map from the US Energy Information Association is a good way to see what power plants and high-voltage power lines are near you (if you’re in the US): https://www.eia.gov/state/maps.php Vermont Public Radio reported on the energy bottleneck we talk about in the very beginning of the video: https://www.vpr.org/vpr-news/2020-12-15/transmission-grid-bottlenecks-in-northeast-kingdom-stall-solar-development And here’s more about that denied power plant from local Vermont TV station WCAX: https://www.wcax.com/content/news/Regulators-deny-Derby-solar-project-504867011.html This other great study is what calculated how much renewable energy potential there is in just those 15 middle states: https://acore.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Corporate-Demand-and-Transmission-January-2018.pdf More about the 2018 Camp Fire in California and the investigation that determined it was started by electrical transmission lines: https://www.cnbc.com/2019/05/15/officials-camp-fire-deadliest-in-california-history-was-caused-by-pge-electrical-transmission-lines.html And if you want to get really into the details of how these lines work, I found the Edison Tech Center really helpful: https://edisontechcenter.org/wires.html Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1322 - How decades of stopping forest fires made them worse

22 septembre 2021

Decades of stopping forest fires have made them worse. Can we undo the damage? Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO 1910’s “Big Blow Up” remains one of the most disastrous wildfires in US history. Hurricane-force winds fanned and threw embers for miles. Full, flaming trees became dangerous projectiles as they were reportedly torn from the ground. After two days, 3 million acres throughout Idaho and Montana had burned. The devastation had a lasting effect on the United States and shaped US forest policy for the next century. But it also created a deep misunderstanding of what fire means to a forest. A century of fire suppression has reshaped our forests. The floor is littered with material that is dense, dried, and dead. Now, climate change is highlighting why that’s a problem. Increasingly hot, dry weather has resulted in a longer, more dramatic wildfire season, and the forests are ready to ignite. The United States is struggling to keep up with the blazes year after year, so scientists and indigenous people are pushing to bring back a centuries-old practice: burning the forests on our own terms, through prescribed burning. This is the third video in our climate change coverage this week and the next. You can watch the first video on extreme heat ? and what cities are doing to cool down here: https://youtu.be/ZQ6fSHr5TJg And the second video on high-voltage transmission lines ⚡️ and why the US isn't ready for clean energy here: https://youtu.be/s3ScJ_FwaZk Note: The headline on this pieace has been updated. Previous headline: "How burning a forest can help save it". Additional reading: You can check out Crystal Kolden’s website and her research here: http://www.pyrogeographer.com/ For more information on Elizabeth Azzuz and the Yurok tribe: https://www.hcn.org/articles/south-wildfire-the-fire-we-need https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/article/good-fire-bad-fire-indigenous-practice-may-key-preventing-wildfires Our science reporter Umair Irfan explained prescribed burning and how colonists strategically stopped cultural burns in a deliberate attempt to eradicate American Indians: https://www.vox.com/21507802/wildfire-2020-california-indigenous-native-american-indian-controlled-burn-fire Prescribed or controlled burning is proven successful again and again, but it’s still not happening enough. As climate change worsens the safety window to conduct these types of burns gets smaller and smaller. More on that and other information on prescribed burns here: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/aug/12/the-fire-moved-around-it-success-story-in-oregon-fuels-calls-for-prescribed-burns https://acconsensus.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/07-Miller-et-al-2020-Barriers-and-enablers-for-prescribed-burns-for-wildfire-management-in-California.pdf https://www.fs.fed.us/psw/publications/documents/psw_gtr158/psw_gtr158_02_pierpont_nehoda_williams.pdf https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2020/10/prescribed-burns-are-failing/616889/ Even having evolved with fire, climate change is changing the game for our forests — it’s getting harder and harder for them to regenerate after massive burns. In 2021, rangers were racing to cover our Sequoia trees with fire-resistant blankets in an attempt to save them: https://www.npr.org/2021/09/17/1037914390/giant-sequoia-national-park-wildfire-climate-change https://www.hcn.org/articles/climate-desk-wildfire-burn-out-frequent-fires-are-changing-western-landscapes Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1323 - Why heaters are the future of cooling

24 septembre 2021

A huge number of people still heat their homes with fossil fuels. There’s a better way. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Experts call it the “cold crunch." As temperatures rise in regions that historically haven’t needed indoor cooling, global demand for air conditioning units is expected to skyrocket. Indoor cooling is already the fastest-growing use of energy in buildings. But the emissions associated with cooling buildings are still tiny compared to the emissions from heating them — and that's because while air conditioning uses electricity, our heat is still largely generated by burning fossil fuels. The way we heat our homes and buildings is one of the biggest contributors to climate change. But a solution may actually come from the rush of consumers looking to buy AC for the first time. They're a huge potential market for a different kind of system — the electric heat pump. A heat pump works like a two-way air conditioner, using electricity and a chemical refrigerant to transfer heat either into or out of a building. Instead of using fossil fuels to generate heat, it uses electricity to transfer heat, and it does it efficiently. And if heat pumps are widely adopted, they could make a major impact on the carbon emissions generated by buildings. Further reading: This report from the International Energy Agency is a great visual look at how the rising demand for space cooling presents buildings with a big opportunity to make their heating systems more efficient: https://www.iea.org/commentaries/is-cooling-the-future-of-heating Check out Rebecca Leber’s reporting on another big air conditioning challenge — regulating the refrigerants that contribute to global warming: https://www.vox.com/22638093/air-conditioning-worsens-climate-change-ac And read the Carbon Switch report on heat pumps, which breaks down how much homeowners in each state can save by switching to heat pumps: https://carbonswitch.co/heat-pump-carbon-reduction-and-savings-potential-report Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1324 - How 4 companies control the beef industry

29 septembre 2021

Corporate consolidation is making it impossible for cattle ranchers to stay afloat. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Cattle auctions happen every day throughout the US; they serve a crucial purpose for the cattle markets. Inside one of these auctions, like the one we profile in St. Onge, South Dakota, you can see how a competitive market functions. There are multiple producers and buyers competing for a commodity, which results in a value, or price, for that commodity. But over the past 40 years, the meatpacking sector — made up of the companies that buy and slaughter cattle for consumption — has undergone a dramatic degree of corporate consolidation. In the 1980s, the US relaxed its approach to antitrust enforcement, one tool the government uses to rein in market concentration. Today, only four companies process 85 percent of all the cattle produced in the US. Cattle ranchers say this is affecting their ability to compete for good prices and make a living. This is one way industrialized agriculture is making it difficult for independent farmers and ranchers to stay in business in America. For this story, we contacted Tyson Foods, Cargill, National Beef, and JBS for comment. We only received a response from Tyson: A representative shared testimony from one of the company’s executives at a recent Senate hearing. We included that in this video, and the full transcript is below: https://www.tysonfoods.com/news/news-releases/2021/7/fresh-meats-leader-testifies-about-beef-industry-senate-hearing This is the first episode of a series we are producing with the Future Perfect team at Vox, who explore big problems and the big ideas that can tackle them. We are calling this season The Human Cost of Meat, and future episodes will explore other ways industrial meat production has transformed the lives of people who consume meat, work in the meat industry, or live next to a factory farm. Watch Episode 2, The chicken industry's worker safety problem: https://youtu.be/Ia3abCiYX3w Watch Episode 3, Hog farming has a massive poop problem: https://youtu.be/WsUNylsiDH8 Further reading: Future Perfect produced a podcast season on other ways Big Meat has changed our lives: https://www.vox.com/future-perfect-podcast Claire Kelloway’s reporting for Vox on Big Meat: https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/22298043/meat-antitrust-biden-vilsack New York Times reporting on how the pandemic revealed supply chain bottlenecks: https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/23/business/beef-prices.html The CEO of R-CALF USA, Bill Bullard, was a source for this story. R-CALF is in the midst of a lawsuit against the packing industry. For the latest on their case: https://www.r-calfusa.com/minnesota-federal-court-denies-packers-motion-to-dismiss-cattle-antitrust-cases/ Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1327 - The mystery of the "same sky" postcards

6 octobre 2021

An obsessive collector noticed something strange in his 11,000 postcards. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO James Brouwer has been collecting postcards for more than 30 years. His collection numbers over 11,000; images of old age homes, ugly restaurants, and 1960s advertising are neatly organized in boxes in his Canadian home. But James started to notice that some of his postcards — dozens, in fact — appeared to have the exact same sky. Looking even closer, he noticed that the same-sky postcards were all made by one publisher: Dexter Press out of West Nyack, New York. Dexter Press was once one of the largest publishers of "chrome-era postcards," — postcards made from color photographs that became popular in the 1940s. By the time James started collecting in the 1980s, "chrome cards" were mostly overlooked by collectors, and could be bought for cheap in flea markets. It wasn't until he looked through a lot of these cards that he noticed the same sky repeating itself. Darkroom producer Coleman Lowndes took a trip to British Columbia, Canada, to see James's collection for himself — and to help solve the mystery of these identical skies. To James though, the mystery doesn't really matter. The reason the skies look the same is less important to him than the unusual visual effect it produces when all these skies come together. Darkroom is a history and photography series that anchors each episode around a single image. Analyzing what the photo shows (or doesn't show) provides context that helps unravel a wider story. Watch previous episodes here: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ8cMiYb3G5ce8J4P5j5qOEtYR94Z3DQs Explore James’s full postcard collection online here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/94207108@N02/albums/with/72157633138912882 Bill Burton’s online magazine Postcard History: https://postcardhistory.net/ Read up on Dexter Press and all things postcard on MetroPostcard: http://www.metropostcard.com/publishersd.html Original Dexter Press postcards at Queen of Chrome’s eBay store: https://www.ebay.com/str/queenofchromespostcardstash Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1328 - How the 3-point line is breaking basketball

8 octobre 2021

The game is at a turning point. Should the rules be changed? Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO The NBA introduced the 3-point line in 1979, and not much changed right away. Players weren’t used to shooting from far out, so for the first few years, they mostly didn’t. It wasn’t until the 1986-1987 season that the league as a whole scored over 100 3s in one season. The arc of the line was shortened for a few years in the '90s, but besides that, it hasn't changed much — and that’s given players and coaches an opportunity to strategize around it. In 2014, statistic-obsessed sports executive Daryl Morey led what many people call the 3-point revolution. He used the D-League Rio Grande Valley Vipers as a testing ground to see if volume shooting from the 3-point line netted better results than shooting 2s — and it worked. The math states that scoring one-third of your shots from behind the 3-point line is as good as scoring half your shots from inside the line. In other words: Shooting as many 3s as possible will likely lead to a higher score. The league took notice, and teams and players followed suit. 3s have become so prevalent in recent years that fans are criticizing the league for being oversaturated with them. Critics worry that the game is on the verge of becoming boring because everyone is trying to do the same thing. And that's led some to wonder if the NBA should move the 3-point line back. Additional reading: Zak Geis compiled data of all the NBA shots since 1999 by scraping the NBA API. His work greatly informed our reporting, and you can find his original data here: https://data.world/sportsvizsunday/june-2020-nba-shots-1997-2019 We were able to turn data into graph-able charts using this tutorial: https://datavizardry.com/2020/02/03/nba-shot-charts-part-2/ James Dator is a senior staff writer at SB Nation where he covers the 3-point line, plus lots of other sports — like baseball, soccer, and the NFL. For more of James's reporting, check out his author page: https://www.sbnation.com/authors/james-dator/ And here's his article on the 3-point line: https://www.sbnation.com/nba/2021/3/10/22323023/nba-three-point-shooting-breaking-point Grantland: The Amazing Pace (about how Daryl Morey transformed the Vipers) https://grantland.com/features/nba-dleague-rgv-vipers-houston-rockets-future-of-basketball/ Grantland: Is it time to move the NBA 3-point line back? https://grantland.com/the-triangle/is-it-time-to-move-the-nba-3-point-line-back/ Basketball Reference’s detailed stats: https://www.basketball-reference.com/leagues/NBA_stats_per_game.html FiveThirtyEight: Did Moving The Arc Bring The 3-Pointer To A Breaking Point? https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/did-moving-the-arc-bring-the-3-pointer-to-a-breaking-point/ CBS Sports: What the shortened NBA 3-point line of the mid-1990s says about the future of long-range shooting https://www.cbssports.com/nba/news/nba-top-100-player-rankings-for-2021-22-kevin-durant-edges-lebron-james-for-no-1-any-rookies-make-the-cut/ Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1332 - Why the US is always hitting a "debt ceiling"

20 octobre 2021

Is the huge US national debt a problem? Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Nearly every year, America seems to teeter on the edge of a crisis as the national debt comes dangerously close to hitting the “debt ceiling” and the President and Congress fight over raising it. The “debt ceiling” is really just a limit on how much debt the country can take on. While the US isn’t the only country to have one, it is the only country to have legislation that regularly puts it on the brink of economic disaster. The current US debt is nearing $29 trillion. That's a trillion with a T. Is that… too much? And who does it affect? Want to know what the US national debt is as of right now? Here’s where the Treasury has it updated: https://fiscaldata.treasury.gov/datasets/debt-to-the-penny/debt-to-the-penny The Treasury also updates the foreign investor totals every month: https://ticdata.treasury.gov/Publish/mfh.txt You can read more about the US debt ceiling and how to fix it from Vox’s Dylan Matthew: https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/22684328/us-debt-ceiling-government-shutdown-biden-democrats And more about when the US was downgraded in 2011: https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/sandp-considering-first-downgrade-of-us-credit-rating/2011/08/05/gIQAqKeIxI_story.html If you want to see what your country’s debt is, the OECD keeps this data updated regularly: https://data.oecd.org/gga/general-government-debt.htm Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1334 - The tricks that make slasher films look real

30 octobre 2021

How do slasher villains slash slashlessly? Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Horror films — and specifically slashers — are known for abundant on-screen violence. Making that fake violence look real often comes down to props. Prop masters and special effects workers prepare knives, blood, and explosions to slash people...without actually slashing them. To pull this off they might use rubber, plastic, retractable, or even digital knives. Blood recipes have been improving over the decades to flow more realistically, and better soak into clothing. And explosions, both with air and squibs, push out blood to make scenes feel more realistic. With movies, it’s often what you don’t see that makes the difference. After prop masters, makeup artists, and special effects artists complete their work, they pass the baton off to other members of the crew. Actors sell it, camera operators get the right angles to highlight the action while hiding the tubes and wires, and editors cut the different takes together. When pulled off well, it’ll make you feel like what you're witnessing is real — even though it’s just movie magic. Additional reading and listening: The prop gun explainer from the LA Times: https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/story/2021-10-22/alec-baldwin-what-is-a-prop-gun-how-does-it-work Vox's Today, Explained podcast covers the Alec Baldwin shooting: https://open.spotify.com/episode/0j3fmd4afvjOZHVWhJq6jU?si=39b9a4911fce41c2 More on the evolution of fake blood: https://slate.com/culture/2017/10/movie-blood-recipe-and-history-from-hersheys-to-corn-syrup-and-beyond.html https://www.scream-thrillogy.com/ Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1336 - The chicken industry’s worker safety problem

5 novembre 2021

There's a human cost to factory-processed chicken. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO In the 1960s, the US began a love affair with chicken, and poultry workers paid the cost. Over the past few decades, poultry processing line speeds have increased to meet demand. But that’s happened in tandem with the decline of unions and deregulation of the industry. The result is a high rate of workplace injuries and repetitive motion disorders, with gaps in workplace safety oversight. For this video, we contacted Tyson Foods Inc. and the National Chicken Council for comment. The NCC, the poultry industry lobby that has repeatedly requested increases in line speeds, wrote that faster line speeds do not affect the pace of work because plants will add additional staff and lines to accommodate speed increases. Through our reporting, we weren’t able to substantiate this claim, and the NCC did not respond when we asked for an example or for any evidence that this is the industry standard. The NCC also mentioned that other countries run poultry line speeds as fast as, if not faster than, the US. It’s difficult to do an apples-to-apples comparison with other countries. Claire Kelloway, reporter and researcher for OpenMarkets, noted that in Europe, for example, factories are typically smaller than US plants, and have higher rates of unionization and more industry safety regulation. The regulating agencies enforce longer breaks and switching up job roles to avoid repetition. Even so, working conditions in poultry plants are still criticized there. While the NCC cited a decline in workplace injuries, advocates and experts say that this data is unreliable. It relies on workers reporting injuries to the government agency that regulates workplace safety, OSHA. There are a number of reasons a poultry worker might not report an injury or illness, including language barriers or fears over their citizenship status. Worker and advocate-led surveys show high levels of injury, here are examples: https://www.splcenter.org/sites/default/files/d6_legacy_files/downloads/publication/Unsafe_at_These_Speeds_web.pdf https://foodchainworkers.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/Hands-That-Feed-Us-Report.pdf https://www.uusc.org/sites/default/files/wages_and_working_conditions_in_arkansas_poultry_plants.pdf Tyson disputes, without evidence, the petition that Magaly Licolli presented on behalf of the workers at the Berry Street poultry plant in Springdale, Arkansas. The company said it was misrepresented to those who signed it and that there were duplicate signatures. Tyson also noted that it offered raises to poultry workers in 2021 amid a labor shortage. We also contacted OSHA for comment. They noted that they issue citations or fines to any workplace found by federal inspectors to have violated their safety standards, but confirmed that it is under the jurisdiction of the USDA to determine line speeds. They also said that they do not track data on the use of the chemicals we mention in the video: chlorine, ammonia, and peracetic acid. While reporting this episode I read Christopher Leonard’s The Meat Racket, a deep-dive report into the history of Tyson and the poultry industry: https://bookshop.org/books/the-meat-racket-the-secret-takeover-of-america-s-food-business/9781451645835 More reading on poultry plants in Europe: https://thefern.org/2020/06/how-did-europe-manage-to-avoid-the-covid-19-catastrophe-ravaging-u-s-meatpacking-plants/ How meat consumption has changed in the past 50 years: https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/per-capita-meat-consumption-by-type-kilograms-per-year?country=~OWID_WRL More coverage of the failed OSHA ergonomics rule: https://www.motherjones.com/food/2020/07/labor-eugene-scalia-meatpacking-osha-stress-carpal-tunnel-coronavirus-covid/ Deborah Berkowitz, former OSHA chief of staff and director of the Worker Health & Safety Program of the National Employment Law Project, was a crucial source for this story. Here is her recent congressional testimony on workplace safety: https://www.nelp.org/publication/testimony-debbie-berkowitz-health-safety-protections-meatpacking-poultry-agricultural-workers/ Some reporting on whether more automation could help reduce workplace injuries. https://www.wsj.com/articles/meatpackers-covid-safety-automation-robots-coronavirus-11594303535 More on the history of anti-union politics, specifically in Arkansas: https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2020/07/20/how-trump-is-helping-tycoons-exploit-the-pandemic For more about the impact of Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle: https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/projects/cp/obituaries/archives/upton-sinclair-meat-industry Watch Episode 1, How 4 companies control the beef industry: https://youtu.be/3_hCLjUrK1E Watch Episode 3, Hog farming has a massive poop problem: https://youtu.be/WsUNylsiDH8 Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE

Épisode 1337 - The Taliban, explained

10 novembre 2021

How they’ve taken over Afghanistan again. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO The roots of the Taliban movement go back to 1979, when the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan. They were there to prop up a communist Afghan government that was supported by a minority of urban residents. But the vast majority of Afghans lived in rural areas. Here, authority came from tribal and ethnic groups, and life revolved around conservative practices of Islam. Rural Afghans formed militias called mujahideen and drove out the Soviets. But then they fell into a civil war with each other. Out of this chaos emerged a group of Islamic teachers and students called the Taliban. They swept through the country, destroying mujahideen groups and imposing a strict order. In 1996, they took the capital city of Kabul. The Taliban ruled Afghanistan until 2001, when the US invaded. In a sense, the cycle of invasion and rebellion began again. Urban areas were reformed while rural areas suffered, allowing the Taliban to resurge. In 2021, the Taliban took back Kabul and the country. Further Reading: No Good Men Among the Living: America, the Taliban and the War Through Afghan Eyes, Anand Gopal SIGAR quarterly reports: https://www.sigar.mil/pdf/quarterlyreports/2021-10-30qr.pdf Ghost Wars, Steve Coll Directorate S, Steve Coll Taliban: The Unknown Enemy, James Ferguson The Rise and Fall of Taliban Regime (1994-2001), Dr. Qamar Fatima Across the Divide, William T. Vollman, The New Yorker Road Rage, Kathy Gannon, the New Yorker The Other Afghan Women, Anand Gopal, The New Yorker The Long War Journal: https://www.longwarjournal.org/mapping-taliban-control-in-afghanistan These reports from Human Rights Watch and Brown University’s Cost of War project has data that helped us understand Afghan civilian casualties throughout these wars: https://www.hrw.org/reports/2008/afghanistan0908/3.htm#_Toc208224420 https://watson.brown.edu/costsofwar/files/cow/imce/papers/2020/Rising%20Civilian%20Death%20Toll%20in%20Afghanistan_Costs%20of%20War_Dec%207%202020.pdf These reports from the US Government Accountability Office and USAID provided us with useful information on the US-funded reconstruction projects in Afghanistan: https://www.gao.gov/assets/gao-08-689.pdf https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/usaid-field-report-afghanistan-oct-2002 https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/usaid-field-report-afghanistan-mar-2003 Afghanistan and Me: https://podcasts.apple.com/hu/podcast/afghanistan-and-me/id73802620?i=1000535848733 Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1338 - Why movies tilt the camera like this

11 novembre 2021

The Expressionist origins of the "Dutch angle." Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO The Dutch angle (also called the Dutch tilt, canted angle, or oblique angle) is a filmmaking technique that involves setting the camera at an angle and tilting the entire scene. You’ll see it everywhere from blockbuster movies to soap commercials. It’s used to emphasize when something is a little off, or just to make a shot look more interesting. The thing is… it’s not actually Dutch. And it didn’t start with filmmakers. It was pioneered by German directors during World War I, when outside films were blocked from being shown in Germany. Unlike Hollywood, which was serving up largely glamorous, rollicking films, the German film industry took inspiration from the Expressionist movement in art and literature, which was focused on processing the insanity of world war. Its themes touched on betrayal, suicide, psychosis, and terror. And Expressionist films expressed that darkness not just through their plotlines, but their set designs, costumes… and unusual camera shots. To learn more about Expressionism in art and film, check out the Museum of Modern Art: https://www.moma.org/s/ge/curated_ge/ To watch some of the Expressionist classics, head to the internet archive: https://archive.org/details/feature_films?query=german+expressionism Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1339 - The architecture trend dividing London's elites

13 novembre 2021

Underground lairs have hollowed out London. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO One of London’s most unusual luxury trends might be its gigantic basements. Professor Roger Burrows and his coauthors collected data on every basement construction project in from 2008 to 2019, and mapped it. They found more than 7,000 basement additions had been built. A combination of historic preservation laws, rapidly ballooning property values, and changing tastes have led to a boom in basement building. This construction hasn’t been without complications. Many of the existing residents see the constant construction as a “plague” that’s hollowed out the city, contributed to air pollution, and even changed the acoustics of their homes. Burrows sees it as a symbol of increasing wealth inequality in the global city. Correction: Typo 1:25, Roger Burrows is Professor of cities at Newcastle University. Further Reading: You can read the full paper, by Burrows and his coauthors, here: https://www.ncl.ac.uk/apl/news/item/bunkering-down/ This DailyMail article chronicles the collapse of a mega-basement: https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-8908815/Chelsea-mansion-collapses-building-work-create-mega-basement-6m-property.html Here’s Brian May’s Instagram post, included in the video, about his basement flooding: https://www.instagram.com/p/CRQOnqIFl6e/?hl=en Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1341 - Why you don’t hear about the ozone layer anymore

24 novembre 2021

Finally, some good news about the environment. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO In the ’80s, scientists discovered there was a hole in the ozone over the South Pole. A significant layer of gas that deflects much of the sun’s radiation was disappearing much faster than anyone expected. Projections suggested it would collapse by 2050, increasing skin cancer rates, harming crops, and destroying the marine food chain. The situation was dire. But today, we are on the path to recovery. Dr. Susan Solomon, among other scientists, contributed key findings to understand what was depleting the ozone layer and how to address it. In this video she takes us back to her expedition to Antarctica, breaks down how we managed to fix this huge problem, and looks at our next big environmental challenge — climate change — with the unbridled optimism that drove her to fix the ozone hole. Further reading: To learn about the scientific discoveries by Mario J. Molina and F. Sherwood Rowland that kickstarted research into chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in the ’70s, take a look at their groundbreaking paper here: https://www.nature.com/articles/249810a0 To read the 1985 paper that revealed there was an ozone hole forming over the South Pole, click here: https://www.nature.com/articles/315207a0 You can find Solomon’s 1986 paper on her Antarctica expedition here: https://www.nature.com/articles/321755a0 To read more of Solomon’s work, check out her publications here: https://eapsweb.mit.edu/people/solos To understand the Montreal Protocol in more detail, read the United Nations Environment Programme’s summary here: https://www.unep.org/ozonaction/who-we-are/about-montreal-protocol Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1342 - Why the US government is always shutting down

29 novembre 2021

How the US can shut down but other countries can’t Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Towards the end of every year the countdown until the United States government goes into a shutdown begins. Congress and the President usually avoid it in the last hour, but sometimes they don’t manage to agree on a spending bill and the government actually shuts down. The US is really the only country that does this. The longest one in history, in 2019, lasted 35 days. Federal workers — and many contractors — didn’t get a paycheck for 35 days. Some of those employees were furloughed, meaning they didn’t have to go into work, but more than half of them still had to go into the office unpaid. So… why? It goes back to the Constitution and how the federal government funds its agencies. We talk to a law professor and workers who have been through a shutdown to explain. Read more about solutions to government shutdowns on Vox: https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2018/3/21/17144504/government-shutdown-continuing-resolution-automatic Or get into the details of the previous shutdowns: https://sgp.fas.org/crs/misc/RS20348.pdf The Washington Post did some great reporting on the affect the 2019 shutdown had on contractors, specifically: https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/2019/business/contractors-shutdown/ And learn more about the most recent time Belgium didn’t have a formed government: https://www.brusselstimes.com/belgium/124777/belgium-breaks-own-record-for-longest-period-without-government/ Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1343 - Why the pope dresses like that

2 décembre 2021

The hidden meaning behind Pope Francis’s clothes. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO The pope is one of the most recognizable figures in the world, in large part because of the clothes he wears: all white, ornate ponchos, various hats. But all popes don’t actually dress alike. There are different articles of clothing that correspond to different events and times of year, and there is a certain amount of personal choice involved. Pope Francis has made waves across the Catholic Church with his relatively progressive, modern takes on church doctrine and tradition, and his clothing is a visual shorthand for those policies. To learn more about the history of papal clothing, see The Church Visible: the ceremonial life and protocol of the Roman Catholic Church by James-Charles Noonan https://archive.org/details/churchvisiblecer0000noon For a deep dive about Pope Francis’s visit to Lampedusa, check out Making Immigrants Visible in Lampedusa: Pope Francis, Migration, and the State by Tina Catania https://www.academia.edu/18158629/Making_Immigrants_Visible_in_Lampedusa_Pope_Francis_Migration_and_the_State And to look at a whole range of Catholic and Catholic-inspired clothing, see the catalog for the Metropolitan Museum of Art’s 2018 exhibit Heavenly Bodies: Fashion and the Catholic Imagination https://www.metmuseum.org/exhibitions/listings/2018/heavenly-bodies Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1344 - Why the Belarus migrant crisis is different

7 décembre 2021

And what it tells us about the EU. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO A crisis has been escalating along the border that divides Belarus and the European Union. For several weeks, thousands of migrants looking to reach the EU were trapped between Poland and Belarus, living in freezing camps with no humanitarian aid. Today, the migrants have been moved to warehouses for shelter, but this crisis isn’t over. Since 2015, Europe has experienced several migration waves, but this one was different: This one was manufactured. Belarus lured migrants to the border to pressure the EU to lift sanctions. And while this particular crisis has started to die down, the problem isn’t going away. It’s the result of a complex EU migration policy that has opened the door to the exploitation of migrants, and until that policy is fixed, Belarus or other bordering nations could create a crisis all over again. To understand how Belarus manufactured this crisis and the geopolitical context that allowed it to happen, watch the video above. Further reading: Read the Human Rights Watch report on the situation on the ground here: https://www.hrw.org/report/2021/11/24/die-here-or-go-poland/belarus-and-polands-shared-responsibility-border-abuses To explore the issues with the migration deterrence model employed by the EU, check out this report: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/233150241700500103 To explore the details of the sanctions the EU adopted against Belarus, click here: https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/sanctions/restrictive-measures-against-belarus/belarus-timeline/ You can find Migration Policy Institute’s review of the EU-Turkey deal here: https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/eu-turkey-deal-five-years-on You can learn more about Roman Protesevich here: https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/23/world/europe/roman-protasevich.html Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1345 - Big questions about the Covid booster shot, answered

9 décembre 2021

How omicron has reframed the booster debate. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Much of the messaging from authorities around Covid-19 booster shots has been confusing — and that’s partly because scientists themselves haven’t always agreed on who needs them. When many countries began to recommend boosters not just for the older and high-risk, but for all adults, they were essentially taking sides in a still-unresolved debate around that question: Why give an extra dose to healthy adults who are still very protected against severe Covid-19 cases from their original dose? But since the omicron variant has emerged, many have changed their minds. To understand why, we talked to one formerly skeptical expert who scheduled her own booster shot based on what she learned about omicron. We spoke to her about what happens in your immune system when you get that third (or second) shot, and why it could be especially useful in stopping the spread of omicron. Make sure you never miss behind-the-scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter. Sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Since our conversation with Dr. Gounder, newer data seems to corroborate the prediction that boosters will be effective against omicron: https://www.nytimes.com/live/2021/12/08/world/omicron-variant-covid Vox's Dylan Scott reported on many of the early questions around omicron: https://www.vox.com/coronavirus-covid19/2021/12/1/22809878/covid-19-omicron-variant-vaccine-booster-shots Our World in Data is probably the best place to see how your county is doing with boosters: https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/covid-vaccine-booster-doses-per-capita And what percent is already fully vaccinated: https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-people-fully-vaccinated-covid And these are the studies we refer to in the video: This one from Israel shows the benefit a booster can give longer-term: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(21)02249-2/fulltext And these US studies show the waning effectiveness of the vaccines against any infection: https://www.thelancet.com/action/showPdf?pii=S0140-6736%2821%2902183-8 https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.08.21264595v1.full.pdf This was the presentation NIH gave the FDA after studying mixing and matching Pfizer, Modern and J&J: https://www.fda.gov/media/153128/download And here’s a study on mixing AstraZeneca with mRNA vaccines: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-021-01464-w You can watch more of our Covid-19 coverage here: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ8cMiYb3G5dBbOh_8kPN5s5aJHt1UCwn Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1346 - Why movie theaters aren't dead yet

10 décembre 2021

The "theatrical window" has shrunk. But it’s still there. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Covid-19 looked like it could have been the end of movie theaters. Theaters couldn’t show movies. Some of the biggest American theater chains were on the brink of bankruptcy. And US movie studios started trying something new: releasing big movies digitally and in theaters at the same time. The "theatrical window," when a movie plays only in theaters, typically has a minimum length set by deals between movie studios and movie theaters. You might remember a time when the theatrical window was long, and you had to wait close to a year before a movie would come out on video or DVD. But over the years, as options for home viewing have proliferated, that window has shrunk. By 2019, many movies were becoming available at home less than 3 months after their original release. Behind that shrinking window were decades-long negotiations between theaters and studios over how long that window should be — and it seemed like movie studios had gradually gotten the upper hand. But the pandemic gave the studios leverage like never before. Now they could bypass movie theaters altogether. But in the end, they chose not to. Big movies still come out in theaters first. The theatrical window still exists. Why? Make sure you never miss behind-the-scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter. Sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1347 - How this house took over the US

16 décembre 2021

Why is the Craftsman bungalow everywhere? It’s due to a socialist artist, an entrepreneurial furniture maker, and a real estate movement. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO To anyone who’s been a casual architecture fan (or spent time trawling Airbnb and Zillow), the “Craftsman bungalow” is a familiar term. Today, historic districts around the US celebrate the Craftsman’s beauty. But how did this style of house become so ubiquitous and so beloved? The above video explores the history of the Craftsman bungalow, from the 1800s Arts & Crafts movement, to its popularization in America, to its commodification in the 1910s and 1920s. Further reading: https://archive.org/search.php?query=creator%3A%22Stickley%2C+Gustav%2C+1858-1942%22 Want to check out “The Craftsman” and Stickley’s Craftsman home plans? Archive.org has a lot of his work, including early issues and home plan catalogs. https://oklahomahousesbymail.wordpress.com/2015/08/09/another-los-angeles-investment-company-house-with-ties-to-a-kit-home/ Oklahoma Houses by Mail chronicles the detective story of tracking down a kit home in the real world. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3514375?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents Janet Ore provides the humorous history of Seattle Bungalow entrepreneur Jud Yoho, who made Craftsman into a brand. Kim Hernandez wrote about how the Los Angeles Investment company developed LA with lots of bungalow flair. https://online.ucpress.edu/scq/article-abstract/92/4/351/87524/The-Bungalow-Boom-The-Working-Class-Housing?redirectedFrom=fulltext Make sure you never miss behind-the-scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter. Sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1348 - Why we need a better flu shot

17 décembre 2021

A universal flu vaccine is closer than you think. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO The flu vaccine is something many of us take for granted. Every year, starting in the early fall, “free flu shot available” signs start to line pharmacies and clinics – and yet in the US, only around half the population actually gets the vaccine. When talking about the flu, many equate it to a terrible cold, inconvenient at worst. But annual strains of influenza are estimated to cause hundreds of thousands of deaths worldwide. The reality is, we’ve been living with influenza for so long that we often forget just how dangerous it can be. The reason we need an annual vaccine for the flu is that it’s particularly prone to changing. That ability to mutate is also what makes it particularly good at causing pandemic-level threats. The last four global pandemics before Covid-19 were caused by an influenza virus. Experts warn that another one is inevitable and that our seasonal flu vaccine isn’t going to stop it. For 80 years, the way we research and make our annual flu vaccine has remained the same. It’s a costly and timely process that involves predictions and chicken eggs. The result is a seasonal flu vaccine that’s certainly good enough, but we can do better. And now researchers are closer than ever to something new - something like a flu vaccine that remains effective year after year, regardless of the strain. Something that could stop an outbreak before it starts; something like a universal flu vaccine. Further reading that I found helpful: For more on previous Flu Pandemics, which is interesting background on how dangerous the flu virus actually is: https://www.cdc.gov/flu/pandemic-resources/reconstruction-1918-virus.html https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3291411/ For more on how the Flu virus mutates, which helped me better understand how complex this virus is: https://asm.org/Articles/2019/August/A-Universal-Influenza-Vaccine-How-Close-Are-We https://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/viruses/change.htm Here are some updates on universal flu vaccines in development and some of the challenges they face: https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-launches-clinical-trial-universal-influenza-vaccine-candidate https://www.science.org/content/article/innovative-universal-flu-vaccine-shows-promises-it-first-clinical-test https://www.biospace.com/article/researchers-make-headway-on-universal-flu-vaccine-candidate/ https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-020-1118-7 https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/06/200623145350.htm Make sure you never miss behind-the-scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter. Sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1350 - Why the James Webb Space Telescope looks like that

25 décembre 2021

A NASA astrophysicist explains humanity’s big new toy Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO After 25 years and nearly $10 billion, the James Webb Space Telescope has finally left planet Earth. Billed as a successor to the beloved Hubble Space Telescope, the Webb’s mirror is six times larger and its instruments are tuned to observe longer wavelengths, in order to detect the stretched-out light from primitive galaxies 13.5 billion light years away. That primary mission — to see the first stars and galaxies that formed after the Big Bang — determined the unusual and challenging design of the telescope. Instead of a shiny tube, the Webb Telescope looks like a giant honeycomb riding on a silver surfboard. The short answer to why it looks like that is: It needs to be very big and very cold. In the video above, NASA astrophysicist Amber Straughn and Vox's Joss Fong build a small model of the telescope to explore its extraordinary design. Paper model: https://webb.nasa.gov/content/features/educational/paperModel/paperModel.html Unexplainable podcast episodes: https://open.spotify.com/episode/6DDrK4JWAS4BxTFLpvFBE8 https://open.spotify.com/episode/6hotsWN0t3A5XMOotXlSY0 Make sure you never miss behind-the-scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter. Sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1353 - Hog farming has a massive poop problem

4 janvier 2022

Inside North Carolina’s search for solutions for its thousands of pig manure lagoons. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO For this third episode of our video series with Vox’s Future Perfect team, we went to North Carolina, a state that for decades has been a battleground over the public health impact of hog farming. Watch Episode 1, How 4 companies control the beef industry: https://youtu.be/3_hCLjUrK1E Watch Episode 2, The chicken industry's worker safety problem: https://youtu.be/Ia3abCiYX3w Animal Charity Evaluators provided funding without editorial input for the production of this series. I interviewed two people in North Carolina who do not appear in the video: Sherri White-Williamson, who heads the Environmental Justice Community Action Network, or EJCAN, a nonprofit working toward water testing in the area, particularly of private wells. https://ejcan.org/ I also interviewed Jeff Currie, a member of the Lumbee tribe in North Carolina, and a Waterkeeper Alliance worker whose job it is to test the Lumber River watershed for contamination. The Lumbee tribe is primarily located in Robeson County, one of the areas with a high concentration of hog farms that we cover in the video. https://waterkeeper.org/news/who-is-waterkeeper-jefferson-currie-ii-lumber-riverkeeper/ Another feature of North Carolina that makes it more vulnerable to water contamination is its permeable, sandy soil in areas with a high concentration of hog farms. Experts told me this area used to be swampland, and was drained to make way for agriculture. My colleague Liz Scheltens mentions a similar historical context in a video she made about Lake Erie and cow waste pollution: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WwhcrpJTzGQ The location of hog farms in North Carolina is related to the history of tobacco farming in the state. When the public health effects of smoking became clear, the government stopped supporting it. Many North Carolina farmers started to diversify their practices, including raising hogs. That’s exactly how Tom Butler got into raising pigs — he was once a tobacco farmer: http://archive.pov.org/brightleaves/historical-background/ Advocates and community members are also deeply concerned about the proliferation of large-scale poultry facilities in North Carolina, which accelerated when the moratorium on new or expanded hog farms was enacted in 1997: https://www.wunc.org/environment/2020-07-30/explosive-growth-in-nc-poultry-farms-poses-grave-risks-new-report-says The Align RNG map we show in this video, illustrating where a proposed methane pipeline might go, has been a source of heated debate in North Carolina. The Southern Environmental Law Center and other organizations have asked the state for more transparency about where the farms and the pipeline are located in order to get informed public input on the project. More details on this are in this story: https://ncpolicywatch.com/2020/11/16/smithfield-dominion-propose-major-swine-gas-project-but-details-are-secret-troubling-residents/ We contacted Align RNG and Smithfield for this story, and they both said they sought public input for the biogas project and touted the project’s potential for cutting greenhouse gas emissions. They also said that the state of North Carolina has “stringent” permit regulations that they adhere to. Vox’s Future Perfect team covered this issue here: https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2020/9/16/21430837/future-perfect-podcast-season-3-north-carolina-cafo-pig-farm And in a podcast episode, as part of their series on meat: https://open.spotify.com/episode/6N7jb4NsgUTzRhYOtuYQH0?si=f1ceb3d817854013 A similar debate about the promises of biogas is happening in the dairy industry as well: https://civileats.com/2020/04/24/are-dairy-digesters-the-renewable-energy-answer-or-a-false-solution-to-climate-change/ ProPublica has a more in-depth investigation into the Smithfield agreement: https://www.propublica.org/article/a-hog-waste-agreement-lacked-teeth-and-some-north-carolinians-say-left-to-suffer I learned a lot from Melba Newsome’s writing and reporting on this issue for North Carolina Health News: https://www.northcarolinahealthnews.org/2021/10/29/legal-battles-over-pollution-from-hog-waste-environmental-racism-havent-changed-much/ Rick Dove of the Waterkeeper Alliance manages a website that tracks this issue: http://www.riverlaw.us/ Make sure you never miss behind-the-scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter. Sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1354 - Linoleum flooring is cool, actually

6 janvier 2022

Everything HGTV told you about linoleum is wrong. Subscribe to our channel and turn on notifications (?) so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO If there were a floor covering Olympics, marble would probably get gold. Hardwood would get silver. Bronze would maybe go to tile — and linoleum wouldn’t even make the trials. Arguably the most maligned flooring there is, these days linoleum is considered (at best) something you rip out to get to the real floor. But it wasn’t always that way. Linoleum burst on the scene in the late 19th century, the brainchild of an eccentric inventor named Frederick Walton. Before long it was an international sensation and considered the height of luxury. It was even featured on the Titanic and in British Parliament. For nearly a century, linoleum remained the flooring of choice in homes, shops, and schools all over the world. But when linoleum fell, it fell hard. For decades it was relegated to schools, hospitals, and your grandma’s kitchen — until recently. These days, linoleum is enjoying an unexpected revival in some of the world’s coolest spaces. Watch the video above to find out why. Further reading: To read more about linoleum, check out Pamela H. Simpson’s work: "Comfortable, Durable, and Decorative: Linoleum’s Rise and Fall from Grace" (https://www.jstor.org/stable/1504636?mag=why-people-once-loved-linoleum&seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents) And "Linoleum and Lincrusta: The Democratic Coverings for Floors and Walls" (https://www.jstor.org/stable/3514398?Search=yes&resultItemClick=true&searchText=%22linoleum%27%22&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3D%2522linoleum%2527%26so%3Drel&ab_segments=0%2Fbasic_phrase_search%2Fcontrol&refreqid=fastly-default%3A2e3e816ffd30e6a6dcd3dc388d133299) If you want to see some linoleum patterns through the ages, The Building Technology Heritage Library has some great catalogs: https://archive.org/details/buildingtechnologyheritagelibrary?query=linoleum If you want to lay down some linoleum in your home, check out forbo’s options (you can even order a sample!): https://www.forbo.com/flooring/en-us/products/marmoleum/cfctp7 Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1355 - Why the US photographed its own WWII concentration camps

10 janvier 2022

Dorothea Lange’s photos of the incarceration of Japanese Americans went largely unseen for decades. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO US President Franklin D. Roosevelt passed Executive Order 9066 in February 1942 — two months after Japan’s bombing of the US Navy base at Pearl Harbor. It empowered the US army to designate strategic “military areas” from which any and all people deemed a threat could be forcibly removed. This began a process of placing 120,000 Japanese Americans in concentration camps during World War II. To control the narrative around the removal, the government created a new department, the War Relocation Authority, and hired photographers to document the process. One of those photographers was Dorothea Lange, who had become famous during the 1930s for her Great Depression photographs for the Farm Security Administration. Her images featured Japanese-American people in the weeks, days, and hours leading up to their incarceration in the camps, and captured expressions of dignity, resolve, and fear. Most of Lange’s candid photos of the removal process weren’t approved for publication by the War Relocation Authority and were “impounded” for the duration of the war. They weren’t seen again widely until 1972, when her former assistant pulled them from the National Archives for a museum exhibit about the incarceration of Japanese Americans, called Executive Order 9066. The photos became part of a redress movement for Japanese Americans in the 1970s and 1980s, which ultimately resulted in the Civil Liberties Act of 1988, a bill that approved reparations for survivors of the camps. Darkroom is a history and photography series that anchors each episode around a single image. Analyzing what the photo shows (or doesn't show) provides context that helps unravel a wider story. Watch previous episodes here: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ8cMiYb3G5ce8J4P5j5qOEtYR94Z3DQs Further reading: Dorothea Lange’s WRA photos at the University of California: https://calisphere.org/collections/24123/?q=&sort=a&rq=dorothea%20lange Dorothea Lange’s WRA photos at the US National Archives: https://catalog.archives.gov/search?q=%22lange%22&f.ancestorNaIds=536000&rows=100 Satsuki Ina’s award-winning documentary, “From a Silk Cocoon”: https://www.fromasilkcocoon.com/ I interviewed Elena Tajima Creef for this story as well, check out her book “Imaging Japanese America”: https://nyupress.org/9780814716229/imaging-japanese-america/ The Densho Encyclopedia, a rich resource for researching this topic: https://encyclopedia.densho.org/ Densho’s terminology guide for talking about the incarceration of Japanese Americans during WWII: https://densho.org/terminology/ More information about language and semantics from NPR, specifically about the choice to refer to the camps as “concentration camps” instead of “internment camps:” https://www.npr.org/sections/publiceditor/2012/02/10/146691773/euphemisms-concentration-camps-and-the-japanese-internment Linda Gordon and Gary Okihiro’s book about Lange’s WRA photos, “Impounded”: https://wwnorton.com/books/9780393330908 Ansel Adams’s WRA-approved 1944 book of photos from the Manzanar camp, “Born Free and Equal”: https://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/manz/book.html Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1357 - What we found when we went looking for another Earth

24 janvier 2022

In the last few years, scientists have discovered thousands of exoplanets - and a lot of them are surprisingly weird. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Watch part 2, How to find a planet you can't see, here: https://youtu.be/STsI6IbPbGQ In 1584, Italian friar Giordano Bruno argued that other stars had planets of their own and that those planets had inhabitants. He had no real proof of his claims — they just felt true. But they were heretical enough to get the attention of the Roman Catholic Church. The Inquisition arrested Bruno, put his tongue in a vice, and burned him at the stake. Four hundred years later, the idea of “exoplanets” (the term for planets outside our solar system) had become much more popular. Books, TV, and movies teemed with alien worlds orbiting alien suns. But one thing remained the same. We still had no proof that they existed. Then, in 1995, astronomers discovered 51 Pegasi b — a planet orbiting a sun-like star in the Pegasus constellation. Many scientists were skeptical at first; this planet was almost too strange to be believed. Though it was about the size of Jupiter, it was closer to its star than Mercury is to our sun. Most surprisingly, it completed its orbit in just 4 days. The years that followed brought a trickle of other discoveries, then a flood. New telescopes were sent to space and new computers crunched the data they collected. Today, we’ve confirmed the existence of nearly 5,000 exoplanets, with many more candidates waiting in the wings. Those planets paint a surprising picture of our galaxy. While astronomers once wondered if any stars have planets - now planetary systems seem the norm. 51 Pegasi b wasn’t a fluke — gas giants zipping around close to their stars (nicknamed “Hot Jupiters” or “Roasters”) are actually very common. We’ve also found lots of “super earths” — rocky worlds 2 to ten times bigger than Earth. Our solar system, on the other hand, seems less common than some had imagined. We haven’t found anything quite like it. But … it’s still early. And the data we’ve gathered so far has many scientists feeling confident that somewhere out there, just waiting for our telescopes to swing in the right direction, is a planet like Earth. Presented by the Center for Matter at Atomic Pressures (CMAP) at the University of Rochester, a National Science Foundation (NSF) Physics Frontier Center, Award PHY-2020249 https://www.rochester.edu/cmap Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the National Science Foundation. Further reading: The ongoing effort to find even more exoplanets https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2021/08/so-many-exoplanets/619717/ The discovery of the TRAPPIST-1 system https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/trappist1/ A batch of potentially habitable planets https://www.vox.com/2015/1/6/7503723/kepler-438b-exoplanet The Smallest Lights in the Universe - Sara Seager’s memoir https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/sara-seager/the-smallest-lights-in-the-universe/ Giordano Bruno’s trial and execution: https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/was-giordano-bruno-burned-at-the-stake-for-believing-in-exoplanets/ How we study conditions inside exoplanets here on Earth: https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/massive-machines-are-bringing-giant-exoplanets-down-to-earth/ PLANETARY SYSTEMS OF THE KNOWN UNIVERSE (map): https://bit.ly/3IJs3O7 Based on a map by Jim Cornmell - https://www.jimscosmos.com/editableallskychart Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1359 - How to find a planet you can’t see

27 janvier 2022

Tiny wobbles and faint twinkles that have led astronomers to nearly 5,000 new worlds. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO For a tour of some of the odd exoplanets scientists have found, watch part one, here: https://youtu.be/lrAFaONyLtU Pluto was discovered in January of 1930, a tiny speck on a photographic plate (https://www.planetary.org/space-images/the-pluto-discovery-plates). It was the most distant world humans had ever seen. Decades later, even the powerful Hubble Space Telescope struggled to get a good look at the dwarf planet – the Hubble image of Pluto is just a sickly yellow smudge (https://esahubble.org/images/opo1006h/). So when astronomers set out to search for planets around other stars (aka “exoplanets), they knew it wouldn’t be easy. Our closest neighbor, a little red dwarf named Proxima Centauri, is 7,000 times further away from us than Pluto. Any planets in orbit around it would likely get lost in the glare of bright starlight. “Trying to see an earthlike planet across interstellar distances,” writes astrophysicist Adam Frank, “would be like looking from New York City to AT&T Park in San Francisco, where the Giants play, and making out a firefly next to one of the stadium spotlights.” “To detect or study an exoplanet,” says Sara Seager, a planet-hunting astrophysicist at MIT, “we have to work with the star.” Astronomers started monitoring stars for tiny changes that could hint at the presence of one or more planets. Early efforts focused on the search for a wobble. The pull of a planet’s gravity causes a star to circle their mutual center of gravity - and from our vantage point the star seems to swing back and forth. In 1995, a Swiss team picked up the signature of just such a wobble in the starlight from a yellow dwarf in the Pegasus constellation. They had found 51-Pegasi b: the first exoplanet around a sun-like star. Over the next few decades, astrophysicists honed a whole range of planet-hunting tools. They learned to spot the way planets can change the shape of their stars, how a planet’s gravity can bend light, and the periodic drop in brightness when a planet passes between its star and Earth. Telescopes have become more precise and powerful, and computers have become better at sifting out signal from noise. Today, we’re closing in on 5,000 known exoplanets (https://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/). Fifty years ago, astronomers had no idea what percentage of stars had planets. A common educated guess was 20%, but for all we knew it could have been zero. But based on what we’ve seen since, it seems possible that every star has at least one planetary companion. Now that we know exoplanets exist, it’s time to learn more about them. What are they made of? How did they form? And, most tantalizing, could they harbor life? We’re like sailors who have spotted a tiny rise of land on the horizon. Now we want to study this new island’s geology and biology and make contact with any inhabitants … but we have to do it all from aboard our ship, floating trillions of miles out at sea. ~~~ Presented by the Center for Matter at Atomic Pressures (CMAP) at the University of Rochester, a National Science Foundation (NSF) Physics Frontier Center, Award PHY-2020249 https://www.rochester.edu/cmap/ Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the National Science Foundation. ~~~ Further reading: The discovery of 51 Pegasi b: https://www.nature.com/articles/378355a0 https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/alien-worlds/ways-to-find-a-planet/ The potential of the James Webb Space Telescope https://www.vox.com/science-and-health/22664709/james-webb-space-telescope-launch-date-december-science-hubble The Smallest Lights in the Universe - Sara Seager’s memoir https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/sara-seager/the-smallest-lights-in-the-universe/ Light of the Stars: Alien Worlds and the Fate of the Earth https://www.adamfrankscience.com/light-of-the-stars The fraught and fractious history of failed exoplanet discoveries: https://astronomy.com/bonus/phantoms Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1360 - Why is the Guantánamo Bay prison still open?

2 février 2022

Two decades of the world’s most notorious prison. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO In 2002, the US opened a prison at its naval base in Guantánamo bay, Cuba. The 9/11 attacks had occurred just months before, and the US was capturing hundreds of men in Afghanistan and Pakistan. It wanted a place to hold and question them. So the Bush administration opened Guantánamo and claimed that it lay outside of US and international law. The detainees didn’t have to be charged with a crime to be imprisoned and the US could hold them as long as they’d like. By 2003, there were nearly 700 men imprisoned in Guantánamo, but there was backlash from around the world. When Barack Obama took office in 2009, he pledged to close Guantánamo. But politics quickly got in the way. He was able to decrease the population but faced legal challenges. Ultimately, no president has been able to close Guantánamo because once something is created outside the law, its impossible to bring it back inside the law. Recommended Reading: Guantánamo Docket: https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/us/guantanamo-bay-detainees.html Why Obama Can’t Close Guantánamo, Carol Rosenberg https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/2011-12-14/why-obama-cant-close-guantanamo&sa=D&source=docs&ust=1643753301857970&usg=AOvVaw3g28CA5lrd1oHBV4nhOF7c Guantanamo Diary by Mohamedou Ould Slahi: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/35271522-guant-namo-diary Don’t Forget Us Here: Lost and Found at Guantanamo Bay by Mansoor Adayfi: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/56221011-don-t-forget-us-here?from_search=true&from_srp=true&qid=MrNb7iLTx7&rank=1 The Struggle to Cover Guantanamo Bay by On the Media: https://www.wnycstudios.org/podcasts/otm/segments/struggle-cover-guantanamo-bay-on-the-media Military commissions website: https://www.mc.mil/ Periodic Review Board Website: https://www.prs.mil/Review-Information/Subsequent-Full-Review/ John Bellinger: https://www.lawfareblog.com/guantanamo-bay-twenty-years-later Ramzi Kassem: https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2022/01/14/biden-gitmo-close-finally/ Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1361 - How insulated glass changed architecture

3 février 2022

No pane, no gain. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Today, it’s easy to take big glass windows and doors for granted, whether they show up in commercial buildings or in our homes. But this use of glass is, at its core, a technological breakthrough that changed how we live and how our buildings work. As Thomas Leslie explains, insulated glass shaped the look of the 20th century. Big but poorly insulated glass windows went out of fashion as electricity allowed for the production of artificial light. Builders needed a new way to install windows that let in natural light, but also controlled heat. Insulated glass was that solution. As the above video shows, the invention of a branded glass, Thermopane, and its immediate competitors, led to the landscape we recognize today. Further Reading: In this paper about the development of insulated glass, Thomas Leslie explores the history of the enclosure. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26632385?refreqid=excelsior%3A0986ff2a921f82f80d7f149d8cac0f25&seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents Flickr groups can be a great tool for finding old ads. The “Vintage Advertising” group includes some great examples of old Thermopane ads: https://www.flickr.com/search/?group_id=73616815%40N00&view_all=1&text=thermopane You can also find ads for Twindow: https://www.flickr.com/search/?group_id=73616815%40N00&view_all=1&text=twindow The video in this film, American Look, is a 1958 look at the cutting edge of design. It’s still a gorgeous film and includes some great predictions (as well as some interesting incorrect ones). https://www.filmpreservation.org/preserved-films/screening-room/american-look-1958 Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1362 - The (mostly) true story of “ghost photography"

5 février 2022

William Mumler claimed he could photograph ghosts ... and no one could prove he couldn’t. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO In the mid-1800s, the development of exciting new forms of communication, like photography and the telegraph, was considered miraculous. This technology also coincided with a new religious movement becoming popular in the US and Europe: spiritualism. Spiritualists believed that, through the use of a medium, contact with the dead was possible. During the bloody American Civil War (1861-1865), belief in Spiritualism grew. It was during this time that William Mumler, an amateur photographer in Boston, claimed he could photograph ghosts. He and his wife Hannah, herself a professional photographer and Spiritualist medium, created a stir in Boston by selling these "spirit portraits," and attracted the attention of Spiritualists and skeptics alike. Professional photographers in Boston investigated Mumler's method again and again but couldn't figure out how he did his trick. After accusations of fraud piled up in Boston, the Mumler’s relocated to New York City, the photographic capital of the US. Here, Mumler was quickly arrested on fraud charges, and his trial was sensationalized in New York newspapers. The prosecution even brought in circus showman P.T. Barnum to testify against Mumler. But, like the photographers in Boston, no one could confidently identify his method — and Mumler was acquitted. Once the trial was over, the Mumlers' spirit photography business boomed. They photographed prominent Americans, including Mary Todd Lincoln and William Lloyd Garrison, and even took mail-in orders from people who couldn't visit their studio in Boston. We visited photographic process historian Mark Osterman to demonstrate how Mumler could have used two negatives, printed simultaneously with a bit of sleight of hand, to fool witnesses into believing his "ghosts" were the real thing. Our director of photography in Annapolis, Maryland, was Colin Faust. Darkroom is a history and photography series that anchors each episode around a single image. Analyzing what the photo shows (or doesn't show) provides context that helps unravel a wider story. Watch previous episodes here: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ8cMiYb3G5ce8J4P5j5qOEtYR94Z3DQs Note: The headline on this piece has been updated. Previous headline: We tried to recreate this famous photo of a ghost The Strange Case of William Mumler, Spirit Photographer, by Louis Kaplan: https://www.upress.umn.edu/book-division/books/the-strange-case-of-william-mumler-spirit The Apparitionists: A Tale of Phantoms, Fraud, Photography, and the Man Who Captured Lincoln's Ghost, by Peter Manseau: https://www.hmhbooks.com/shop/books/The-Apparitionists/9780544745988 Helen F. Stuart and Hannah Frances Green: The Original Spirit Photographer, by Felicity T.C. Hamer: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03087298.2018.1498491 The Getty Museum’s collection of Mumler’s spirit photographs: https://www.getty.edu/art/collection/artists/8627/william-h-mumler-american-1832-1884/ Archive of “Banner of Light” and other Spiritualist newspapers: http://iapsop.com/archive/materials/banner_of_light/index.html Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1363 - Why ski jumpers hold their skis in a V

7 février 2022

It’s more about aerodynamics than aesthetics. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO If you looked at photos of ski jumpers today and ski jumpers 50 years ago, you’d notice one big difference. In the past, jumpers held their skis tightly underneath their body in a parallel position. Keeping the body in a straight line like this was considered elegant and appealing. But more importantly, it was the position jumpers used to gather as much distance as possible. This position made athletes thin and small, which allowed them to move forward through the air quickly. However, the parallel position didn’t do much to help them fight gravity. In the 1980s, ski jumper Jan Boklov tested out a different ski position — one that resembled a V. He noticed that the V shape allowed him to achieve longer distances. That’s because, unlike the parallel position, the V position allows air to hit athletes' bodies directly. Instead of cutting through the air quickly, they’re using their body to catch air like a wing. This extra air lifts athletes up, allowing them to stay airborne longer — and go further. This small change revolutionized the sport, and since then, gold medal winners have used the V style to make it to the podium. This is the first video of 5 videos from our channel's winter sports theme week. From aerodynamics to concussions to climate change, we covered cold-weather athleticism from a bunch of angles. Watch here: https://bit.ly/3oESqgx Further reading: To learn more about USA Nordic: https://usanordic.org/ You can also follow USA Nordic on both Instagram and Twitter at @USANordic. Great diagrams on the airflow of the ski jump - https://usanordic.org/four-phases-of-a-ski-jump/ 1995 paper referred to in the video: Desirable Gliding Styles and Techniques in Ski Jumping: https://sci-hubtw.hkvisa.net/10.1123/jab.11.4.460 Smithsonian Science Education Center - Falling with style: The science of ski jumping https://ssec.si.edu/stemvisions-blog/falling-style-science-ski-jumping#:~:text=During%20flight%2C%20ski%20jumpers%20harness,lift%2C%20drag%2C%20and%20weight Chicago Tribune - Ski jumping 101: Aerodynamics key to success https://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/olympics/ct-ski-jumping-aerodynamics-winter-olympics-20180209-story.html Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1364 - The secret to winning a short track speed skating race

8 février 2022

Speed skating legend Apolo Ohno explains his “perfect race.” Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO To the layperson, watching a short track speed skating race is awe-inspiring — but it’s difficult to decipher the strategy guiding all the jostling around the rink. Behind the superhuman turns and sprints are calculated moves to control the pack. Apolo Ohno is probably being humble when he says that he was not the fastest skater when he entered the 500m short track finals at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy. But he makes that claim to emphasize the strategy — and the little bit of luck — that played into that gold medal win. That’s why he has always referred to that event as the “perfect race” in short track speed skating. I learned a lot from retired US Olympic speed skater John Coyle’s website, and I interviewed John for this story. https://johnkcoyle.com/blog/2010/02/13/vancouver-journal-7-an-introduction-to-short-track-speedskating I also learned a lot from former US Olympic speed skating coach Sue Ellis’s website: http://www.ellismethod.net/ The New York Times covered the way short track speed skaters bodies are shaped, because of the constant counterclockwise turns: https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/20/sports/olympics/short-track-speed-skaters.html?searchResultPosition=6 Retired Australian speed skater Steven Bradbury spun off his unlikely gold medal win into both a book and a beer company by the name of “Last Man Standing”: https://lmsbrewing.com.a https://books.google.com/books/about/Steven_Bradbury.html?id=V2s8AAAACAAJ I interviewed physics professor Rhett Allain about the physics of short track speed skating. He has written for Wired about the sport: https://www.wired.com/2014/02/fast-can-skater-turn-speed-skating-short-track/ This is the second video of 5 videos from our channel's winter sports theme week. From aerodynamics to concussions to climate change, we covered cold-weather athleticism from a bunch of angles. Watch here: https://bit.ly/3oESqgx Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1365 - Why the Olympic monobob event is only for women

9 février 2022

What the monobob does and doesn't do for gender equality Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Bobsledding (or bobsleighing) is one of the oldest Olympic sports, dating back to the very first Winter Games in 1924. Back then, women were barred from competing in nearly every event except figure skating. Of the 250 athletes that arrived for the first Winter Olympics, only 11 were women. Times have changed, of course. The Winter Olympics in Beijing is considered the most sex-balanced to date, with female athletes making up 45 percent of the roster. But sexist regulations and outdated “science” still creep in. Who could forget the 2021 Summer Olympics, the questionable testosterone tests that barred female sprinters from competing in an event? As recently as 2008, the Winter Olympics was riddled with controversy over gender inclusion issues; female aerial skiers sued the Vancouver Organizing Committee over alleged discrimination. In 2005, the president of the International Ski Federation stated that ski jumping "seems not to be appropriate for ladies from a medical point of view." Uteruses, am I right? As for bobsledding, it wasn’t until 2002 that female athletes were invited to participate in the games, but only in a single event — the two-women bob. Since 1932, men have had two events (the two-men and four-men bob). In 2022, a new all-women bobsledding event was introduced: the monobob, a single-person sled, but is it actually leveling the playing field? Maybe, but not entirely in the way you might think. To read more about the rules and regulations and history of bobsledding check out these links from the IBSF: https://www.ibsf.org/images/federation/Rules_and_Regulations/2021_International_Rules_BOBSLEIGH.pdf https://www.ibsf.org/en/our-sports/bobsleigh-history I also loved this graphic that shows how different all the tracks are: https://www.ibsf.org/en/tracks The Lake Placid Museum is a great place to read about more specific history: https://www.lakeplacidnews.com/news/local-news/2013/12/09/lake-placid-artifacts-celebrate-sliding-sports-heroes/ **A previous version of this description mentioned the Norwegian handball team being fined at the 2021 Olympics for refusing to wear Bikini's - this was actually at the Euro 2021 tournament** Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1366 - The Italy-Switzerland border is melting

10 février 2022

How a ski lodge became trapped in a border dispute. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Italy’s land border cuts through the highest altitudes of the Alps — crossing snowfields, mountain peaks, and massive glaciers. For centuries, the watershed line (which marks the divide where water flows either north or south off of the mountains) served as a natural boundary between Italy and its European neighbors. But beginning in the 1980s, geographic surveyors noticed something: The glaciers whose peaks had long marked the watershed line were retreating … and moving Italy’s border along with them. The only inhabited place nearby — an Italian ski lodge called the Rifugio Guide del Cervino — was caught right in the middle. Since then, Italy, Switzerland, and Austria have piloted a new kind of “mobile border” agreement, where boundary lines move with the changing landscape. Their solution might prove crucial as climate change reshapes water-based borders around the world. Correction: the watershed line at 00:41 was mislabeled and drawn incorrectly. We’ve fixed the error to reflect the correct watershed boundaries. Further reading: Before the book, Marco debuted an interactive installation at the Venice Biennale called “Italian Limes” — Limes is Latin for boundary — with a GPS-powered drawing machine that traced the shifting border in real time: http://www.italianlimes.net/ Read more about Marco, Elisa, and Andrea’s book here: https://www.arch.columbia.edu/books/catalog/369-a-moving-border-alpine-cartographies-of-climate-change The historical maps we projected are from swisstopo, Switzerland's national mapping agency. They have a great interactive map tool you can check out here: https://map.geo.admin.ch/?lang=en&topic=swisstopo&bgLayer=ch.swisstopo.pixelkarte-farbe&layers_timestamp=19691231,&zoom=8&E=2620551.74&N=1088893.78&layers=ch.swisstopo.zeitreihen,ch.swisstopo.swissboundaries3d-land-flaeche.fill&time=1969&catalogNodes=1430 And read more from swisstopo about the border changes: https://www.swisstopo.admin.ch/en/knowledge-facts/sovereign-border/national-boundary/moving-boundaries.html This New Yorker piece by Zoey Poll is a beautiful deep dive into the story of the Rifugio: https://www.newyorker.com/news/letter-from-europe/the-uncertain-fate-of-an-alpine-mountain-lodge And so is this Wall Street Journal story by Eric Sylvers: https://www.wsj.com/articles/italys-alpine-border-melts-and-leaves-a-pasta-restaurant-in-switzerlandmaybe-11582134089 Lastly, hear from the owner of the Rifugio himself — and how the border line uncertainty is affecting his restaurant renovation plans: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u4KK1FbYb6w This is the fourth of our themed videos for winter sports week at Vox. The first three videos were about ski jump, speed skating, and women's Olympic monobob. Check out the playlist here: https://bit.ly/3oESqgx Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1367 - The hidden reason Olympic sledding is so dangerous

11 février 2022

“Sled head” is about more than just crashes. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO In recent years, the sliding community — made up of skeleton, bobsleigh, and luge athletes — has experienced a spate of brain injury-related tragedy. At first glance, the reason why seems obvious: Sleds regularly reach speeds that top 90 miles per hour, and crashes are unfortunately very common. But there is growing research that shows it might be the act of sledding itself that is the main driver of brain injury. With every run, athletes are exposed to immense force and vibration, causing micro-concussions that can ultimately add up to major damage. Those concussions are mild enough that they can go undiagnosed. But among sledding athletes the symptoms that indicate a micro-concussion — headaches, dizziness, etc. — are so common they have a special nickname, “sled head.” There’s a lot science still doesn’t know about sled head and the brain in general. But from what we can tell, it’s pretty clear that sliding sports put the brain health of athletes at risk. Further reading: When researching this piece, I spoke with the German skeleton team’s coach, Mark Wood. He’s working with Christina and Peter to push for research and regulation that might protect sliding athletes in the future. He wrote a great essay sharing his perspective on the sport and its dangers here: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/head-first-safe-the-sport-skeleton-mark-wood-mbe/ Peter, Christina, Mark and neuropsychologist Aliyah Snyder are currently developing a survey surrounding sliding athlete's concussion and injury histories. It's not yet available, but if you’re a current or former sliding athlete looking to find out more, email asnyder@mednet.UCLA.edu For a review of the literature on sled head see: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2018.00772/full Matthew Futterman at the New York Times is one of the only reporters writing extensively on sled head. Check out his work to learn more: https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/26/sports/olympics/olympics-bobsled-suicide-brain-injuries.html https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/01/sports/olympics/concussion-skeleton-sledding-brain-damage.html https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/04/sports/olympics/bobsled-travis-bell-joe-sisson.html https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/20/sports/olympics/skeleton-concussion-bobsled-head-injuries.html Christina Smith has a book coming out about her experiences recovering from a brain injury, you can preorder it here: https://authorchristinasmith.com/ This is the fifth and last of our themed videos for winter sports week at Vox! The first three videos were about ski jump, speed skating, and women's Olympic monobob. Check out the playlist here: https://bit.ly/3oESqgx The fourth video highlights a ski lodge trapped in a border dispute on the Alps. Watch here: https://youtu.be/UnV97eYP6YU Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1368 - In defense of the "gentrification building"

14 février 2022

How new buildings can actually fight displacement Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO When many people look at new housing construction, they don’t just see boxy, modern, and bland architecture. They see new buildings that symbolize displacement and gentrification, or the idea that the construction comes at the cost of pushing existing residents out and replacing them with richer, whiter residents. But as Vox policy reporter Jerusalem Demsas explains, new construction in the US can actually help fight displacement. There’s a growing body of research on what actually happens when we add units of housing to neighborhoods: market-rate units decrease displacement and rents in neighborhoods, while adding strictly affordable units decreases gentrification. And while people may not love the aesthetics of the new architecture, these buildings all look so similar for a reason: it’s the cheapest way to build, at a time when the US needs more housing quickly. Watch the video above to find out more from Jerusalem Demsas on what these new buildings really mean for neighborhoods across the country, and how more construction — along with policies like rental assistance — can help the US housing crisis. For further reading, check out more of Jerusalem’s housing reporting: https://www.vox.com/22650806/gentrification-affordable-housing-low-income-housing https://www.vox.com/22815563/rental-housing-market-racism-discrimination https://www.vox.com/22629826/gentrification-definition-housing-racism-segregation-cities Along with this video on how zoning laws make building affordable housing so difficult in the US: https://www.vox.com/videos/2021/8/17/22628750/how-the-us-made-affordable-homes-illegal Sources: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3867764 https://research.upjohn.org/up_workingpapers/307/ https://blocksandlots.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Do-New-Housing-Units-in-Your-Backyard-Raise-Your-Rents-Xiaodi-Li.pdf https://www.jchs.harvard.edu/sites/default/files/reports/files/Harvard_JCHS_State_Nations_Housing_2021.pdf https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/RRVRUSQ156N https://www.zillow.com/research/methodology-zori-repeat-rent-27092/ https://archive.curbed.com/2018/12/4/18125536/real-estate-modern-apartment-architecture https://books.google.com/books?id=S0NUaz1xGvIC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false https://www.desegregatect.org/atlas https://www.ctdatahaven.org/data-dashboard https://www.courant.com/politics/hc-pol-desegregate-ct-zoning-atlas-20210127-goiq7kgmvzdp7gbytznhzs7xxu-story.html https://www.livablecalifornia.org/special-report-california-yimby-scott-wiener-and-big-techs-troubling-housing-push/ Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1369 - Why the US doesn’t have universal child care (anymore)

18 février 2022

Other rich countries have family policies the US doesn’t. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Every other high-income country in the world has a paid maternity leave policy. Most have a paternity leave policy, too. And usually some form of universal or subsidized child care for all families. The United States has… none of these policies. It did have federally-funded child care once. And Congress even passed a universal child care policy in the 70s. But today, the US is stuck on a policy path of welfare and tax credits. So… why hasn’t the US been able to establish these common family policies? The Promise of Preschool is a great dive into the history of child care policy in the US if you want to read more: https://oxford.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195395075.001.0001/acprof-9780195395075 And Anna Danziger Halperin’s research on the US and UK policies is fascinating: https://academiccommons.columbia.edu/doi/10.7916/D81K0T6T The OECD has put together profiles on almost every rich country and their child policies, look up yours: https://www.oecd.org/education/school/earlychildhoodeducationandcare.htm And UNICEF put together a great report on where rich countries stand with child care policies. The US is number 40 — out of 41.) https://gdc.unicef.org/resource/where-do-rich-countries-stand-childcare Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1370 - How American conservatives turned against the vaccine

23 février 2022

The partisan pandemic, explained in 15 charts. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO President Donald Trump presided over the fastest vaccine development process in history, leading to abundant, free vaccines in the US by the spring of 2021. Although the mRNA Covid-19 vaccines haven’t been able to stop transmission of the virus, they have been highly effective against hospitalization and death, saving hundreds of thousands of lives and rendering the majority of new Covid-19 deaths preventable. Trump has received three doses of the vaccine. But many of his most dedicated supporters have refused, and many have died as a result. Why? Obvious culprits include misinformation on social media and Fox News and the election of Joe Biden, which placed a Democrat at the top of the US government throughout the vaccine distribution period. But if you look closely at the data, you’ll see that vaccine-hesitant conservatives largely made up their mind well before the vaccines were available and before Donald Trump lost the 2020 election. To understand why, I took a deep dive into the data, interviewed researchers, and spoke to people who lost loved ones to preventable severe Covid-19 infections. What I found is a stark cautionary tale for the country and for Republican political elites. Partisan polarization takes on a life of its own; once set into motion it’s nearly impossible to stop, even when the fallout is immense and irreparable. Accepting donations in memory of Philly Baird and Phil Valentine: https://phillybairdisthechange.org/ https://nashvillerescuemission.org/mission-in-my-words-phil-valentine/ Sources: https://data.cdc.gov/NCHS/Provisional-COVID-19-Deaths-by-Sex-and-Age/9bhg-hcku https://data.cdc.gov/Vaccinations/COVID-19-Vaccinations-in-the-United-States-Jurisdi/unsk-b7fc https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#rates-by-vaccine-status https://data.cdc.gov/Public-Health-Surveillance/Rates-of-COVID-19-Cases-or-Deaths-by-Age-Group-and/3rge-nu2a https://www.kff.org/coronavirus-covid-19/poll-finding/kff-covid-19-vaccine-monitor-january-2022/ https://dataverse.harvard.edu/dataset.xhtml?persistentId=doi:10.7910/DVN/42MVDX https://www.ipsos.com/en-us/news-polls/reuters-ipso https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2020/01/07/more-americans-now-see-very-high-preventive-health-benefits-from-measles-vaccine/ https://www.pewresearch.org/journalism/2020/01/24/democrats-report-much-higher-levels-of-trust-in-a-number-of-news-sources-than-republicans/ https://www.kff.org/report-section/kff-covid-19-vaccine-monitor-january-2021-sources-of-information/ https://www.kff.org/coronavirus-covid-19/poll-finding/kff-covid-19-vaccine-monitor-media-and-misinformation/ https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/27-vaccinated-coronavirus-republicans-conservatives-poll/story?id=70962377 https://www.kff.org/coronavirus-covid-19/poll-finding/importance-of-partisanship-predicting-vaccination-status/ https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2022/01/27/attention-to-covid-19-news-increased-slightly-amid-omicron-surge-partisans-differ-in-views-about-the-outbreak/ft_2022-01-27_covidnews_03/ https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0250123 https://www.pascl.stanford.edu/ https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2021/12/05/1059828993/data-vaccine-misinformation-trump-counties-covid-death-rate https://www.nytimes.com/2021/11/08/briefing/covid-death-toll-red-america.html Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1371 - Putin's war on Ukraine, explained

2 mars 2022

Ukraine is under attack. Follow Vox for the latest: https://bit.ly/3Kcg9Nb Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO On February 24th, Russia launched a military invasion of Ukraine. Russian President Vladimir Putin called it a “special military operation,” but the scale of the attack shows this is a full-scale war that has already caused more than 100 casualties and forced more than half a million Ukrainians to flee their homes. Ukraine and Russia’s conflict goes back to 2014, when Russia invaded and annexed Crimea and Russian-backed separatist forces took over parts of southeastern Ukraine’s Donbas region. But to understand the full context behind the invasion, it’s important to go even farther back, to the time when Europe’s current-day divisions began, and see how that shaped Europe’s power balance today. To understand the current conflict’s history in less than 10 minutes, watch the video above. Further reading: For the latest on the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, read more from Vox: https://bit.ly/3hBNll2 Or listen to our podcasts that cover the history of the situation, pull in expert voices, and more: https://open.spotify.com/playlist/0QVMmiEXj4S5NTz6Ze6N6Y?si=fbbeecfc70e14b8f&nd=1 For more information on the human impact this war is having on the ground, check out Human Rights Watch: https://www.hrw.org/europe/central-asia/ukraine For the UN’s latest information on the displacement of Ukrainians click here: https://news.un.org/en/story/2022/02/1112872 For the latest on the situation on the ground you can check out the daily updates from the Institute for the Study of War: https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/ukraine-conflict-update-9 And the International Crisis Group: https://www.crisisgroup.org/europe-central-asia/eastern-europe/ukraine For a detailed look at Ukraine’s decision to pull out from the 2013 EU agreement, check this out: https://www.osw.waw.pl/en/publikacje/analyses/2013-11-27/ukraine-withdraws-signing-association-agreement-vilnius-motives-and To better understand the annexation of Crimea and what that meant for Ukraine, click here: https://carnegieendowment.org/2014/03/13/use-of-russia-s-military-in-crimean-crisis-pub-54949 To understand Putin’s grip on power, we recommend this book: https://www.amazon.com/Putin-v-People-Perilous-Politics/dp/0300238398 Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1372 - Volodymyr Zelenskyy, explained in 8 moments

8 mars 2022

Zelenskyy's rise in Ukraine, from TV star to president. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Once known for his political comedy sketches and skits where he pretended to play the piano with his penis, Volodymyr Zelenskyy was elected as the president of Ukraine in 2019 in a landslide victory. Although he promised that his presidency would be different from other Ukrainian leaders who “promise a lot” yet “do nothing,” President Zelenskyy would soon find himself unpopular with the public. Within two years, he had already navigated scandals like his offshore companies appearing in the Pandora Papers and struggled to fulfill his campaign pledge to end the war against Russia in the Donbas region of Ukraine. But the Russian invasion on February 24, 2022, found him extremely well-positioned to offer his skills in performance and storytelling to motivate Ukrainians, rally Europe, and undermine Putin’s propaganda. How will his reaction to Russia’s advances affect his legacy? We chose 8 clips that we feel explain President Zelenskyy’s rise from a comedian to the leader of Ukraine and had journalists and experts respond. Further reading: Simon Shuster, reporter at Time Magazine, interviewed in the video above, wrote a profile on President Zelenskyy: https://time.com/6154139/volodymyr-zelensky-ukraine-profile-russia/ For more information on how social media shaped Zelenskyy’s victory in Ukraine, check out this piece by Maryana Drach: https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/2020-08/RISJ_Final%20Report_Maryana%20Drach_2020_Final%202%20%289%29.pdf Mykhailo Minakov, expert at the Wilson Center, and featured in the video above, wrote an analysis on Zelenskyy’s decline in popularity and the failures of his presidency https://www.wilsoncenter.org/blog-post/just-all-others-end-zelensky-alternative How Zelenskyy downplayed the war in January: https://www.politico.com/news/2022/01/28/ukrainian-president-downplays-imminent-invasion-00003219 Listen to this episode of Vox's podcast Today, Explained on Zelenskyy: https://open.spotify.com/episode/05EqniD8MPKNGaBSf9LXSw?si=d4e50a3662d74e96 Understand Putin’s war on Ukraine, explained here: https://youtu.be/MVu8QbxafJE Stay up to date on our reporting of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, here: https://bit.ly/3sSEJwT Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1373 - How a no-fly zone would change the war in Ukraine

12 mars 2022

The battle for Ukraine’s skies has enormous stakes. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO The Russian air force is huge. Ukraine’s is not. And yet, more than two weeks into Russia’s war in Ukraine, one of the biggest surprises was that Russia had not yet achieved control of the skies over Ukraine, or what’s called “air superiority.” When a military has air superiority, its planes can attack the enemy much more easily and its ground troops can advance much faster. If, or when, Russia achieves air superiority, it will have gained a major advantage in the war. To prevent or slow down that outcome, Ukraine’s allies in the west are working to deny Russia air superiority, mostly by sending weapons that can be used to shoot down planes. But Ukraine itself has asked for a more drastic step: the declaration of a no-fly zone over Ukraine, which would prohibit Russian planes from the airspace. But a no-fly zone is complicated, because to be effective, it has to be enforced. And the consequences of how that enforcement would play out could bring the war to places that were once unthinkable. Further Reading: Is the Russian Air Force Actually Incapable of Complex Air Operations? Justin Bronk, https://rusi.org/explore-our-research/publications/rusi-defence-systems/russian-air-force-actually-incapable-complex-air-operations What happened to Russia’s Air Force? Reuters, https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/what-happened-russias-air-force-us-officials-experts-stumped-2022-03-01/ The curious case of Russia’s missing air force. Economist, https://www.economist.com/interactive/2022/03/08/curious-case-russias-missing-air-force No-fly zone. Crisis Group, https://www.crisisgroup.org/europe-central-asia/eastern-europe/ukraine/no-fly-zone-ukraine-war-russia-another-name EXCLUSIVE Americans broadly support Ukraine no-fly zone, Russia oil ban -poll, Reuters https://www.reuters.com/world/us/exclusive-americans-broadly-support-ukraine-no-fly-zone-russia-oil-ban-poll-2022-03-04/?taid=6222a48718c5730001d48d5d&utm_campaign=trueAnthem:+Trending+Content&utm_medium=trueAnthem&utm_source=twitter War on the Rocks Podcast. https://warontherocks.com/2022/03/11-days-in-russias-invasion-stumbles-forward/ Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1374 - Are we done with face masks?

17 mars 2022

Mandates around the globe are ending, but don’t throw out your masks yet. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Face masks were one of our earliest interventions to slow the spread of Covid-19. For two years we’ve largely relied on local governments and businesses to tell us when and where to wear them, but now those mandates are being lifted. So is it actually safe to take off the masks for good? It depends on who you are and where you are. Cases are dropping in many places around the world after a harsh omicron surge, but some countries are still fighting off deadly waves of the virus. Many public health experts are warning that the pandemic isn’t over yet, even if it feels like it is to some of us. It’s a good idea to hang onto your mask for now, but that doesn’t mean you have to wear it every day for the rest of your life, just that you should take a few key things into consideration. Check out the video above to learn more about risk mitigation as we weather the third year of a pandemic. Some resources for Covid-19 numbers: https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/world/covid-cases.html https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/your-health/covid-by-county.html Studies on the effectiveness of face masks and mandates: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0252315 https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02786826.2020.1862409 https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abi9069 https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2015954117 And more from the CDC: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/science/science-briefs/masking-science-sars-cov2.html https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/71/wr/mm7106e1.htm Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1375 - Ukrainians' escape by rail, explained

18 mars 2022

What it's like to flee Ukraine Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Since Russia’s invasion of Ukraine began on February 24, more than 3 million people have been forced to flee their homes and leave the country. The vast majority are migrating west, toward the EU, and most are ending up in neighboring Poland. To escape the violence of the ground more than 2 million refugees have escaped by train, turning Ukraine’s railroad network into a vital lifeline. We sent a crew out to Przemyśl, a small Polish town on the border with Ukraine, to speak with the people who have fled Ukraine and left everything behind. In this video, we share their stories and take a look at how the railroad is operating in a war-torn country. To help us understand what a difficult operation this is, we spoke to the CEO of Ukrainian Railways, Oleksandr Kamyshin, who is running a mobile command unit to ensure Ukrainians can board trains and get to safety. To hear their stories and understand the arduous journey many make by rail, watch our video. Note: The headline on this piece was updated. Previous headline: What it's like to flee Ukraine Sources and further reading: A big challenge we faced making this video was keeping our numbers current. Every day, the UNHCR publishes new data about refugee migration. For the latest numbers, you can visit their data portal here: https://data2.unhcr.org/en/situations/ukraine#_ga=2.66752429.286565108.1646795311-1052321898.1646795311 You can follow the Ukrainian Railways on Telegram for updated information: https://t.me/UkrzalInfo To understand the Temporary Protection Directive in more detail, here’s the EU’s press release that links to the full document: https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_22_1469 To understand the racism experienced at the border by refugees of color, we recommend you read Vox’s article by Rajaa Elidrissi and Nicole Narea: https://www.vox.com/22962300/ukraine-russia-refugee-racism Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1376 - Why there's no one inside this Spider-Man suit

23 mars 2022

CGI superheroes are more common than you think. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO On June 9, 1995, Batman Forever introduced audiences to what was likely the first CGI stunt double. In a few brief shots, a digital double lept from tall buildings and swung on a grappling hook, and was used to convince viewers that Bruce Wayne was more “super” than the average man. Since then, superheroes and digidoubles have gone hand in hand. Protagonists in superhero films often wear masks or skin-tight bodysuits, which makes them perfect candidates for digital replacement; fabric is way easier to replicate digitally than skin. Technology has only improved over the years, which means digidoubles are used for so much more than just “super” sequences. Today, digidoubles are used to give filmmakers and artists flexibility. Instead of being locked into what they’re able to shoot during principal photography, they can add and remove shots, completely change characters' costumes, and rewrite the script if they need to — long after filming is over. The video above breaks down some surprising uses of digidoubles in superhero movies — and shows just how often they appear in modern movies. Correction: At 6:18, we mistakenly labeled Avengers: Infinity War as Avengers: Endgame. Further reading: The Verge: "That massive airport fight in Captain America: Civil War was almost entirely digital" https://www.theverge.com/2016/5/12/11664554/captain-america-civil-war-cgi-visual-effects-spider-man-interview VFX Futures Podcast" Looking back on the digital human breakthroughs in Spider-Man 2 https://beforesandafters.com/2021/12/21/vfx-futures-vfx-supervisor-scott-stokdyk-looks-back-on-the-digital-human-breakthroughs-in-spider-man-2/ Rodeo FX: Breaking down the breakdown on Shang-Chi shows how digidoubles get integrated on a recent Marvel film https://vimeo.com/663434886 Befores and Afters: When you have to craft not 1 Spider-Man but 3 https://beforesandafters.com/2022/01/24/when-you-have-to-craft-not-one-spider-man-but-three/ Imageworks VFX: Spider-Man Homecoming digidouble breakdowns https://www.imageworks.com/our-craft/vfx/movies/spider-man-homecoming Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1377 - How Stalin starved Ukraine

25 mars 2022

It was a genocide that Russia continues to cover up to this day Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO In Ukraine, it’s become known as “the Holodomor,” meaning “death by starvation.” It was a genocide carried out by a dictator who wanted to keep Ukraine under his control and who would do anything to keep it covered up for decades. In the 1930s, Soviet leaders under Joseph Stalin engineered a famine that killed millions as they sought to consolidate agricultural power. In Ukraine, they used additional force as they sought to clamp down on a burgeoning Ukrainian national identity. There, at least 4 million died. As hunger spread among residents, Stalin spearheaded a disinformation campaign to hide the truth from other Soviet citizens and the world. So many Ukrainians died that officials had to send people to resettle the area, setting off demographic shifts that last to this day. Have an idea for a story we should investigate for Missing Chapter? Tell us! http://bit.ly/2RhjxMy Sign up for the Missing Chapter newsletter to stay up to date with the series: https://vox.com/missing-chapter Explore the full Missing Chapter playlist, including episodes, a creator Q&A, and more! https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ8cMiYb3G5fR2kt0L4Nihvel4pEDw9od Check out the Holodomor Research and Education Consortium for more information and resources: https://holodomor.ca/ We used the Harvard Great Famine Project’s maps and data for our video: https://gis.huri.harvard.edu/great-famine-project The English translation of Ukrainian historian Stanislav Kulchytsky’s “The Famine of 1932-1933 in Ukraine: An Anatomy of the Holodomor” was crucial for context for this piece. https://holodomor.ca/the-famine-of-1932-1933-in-ukraine-an-anatomy-of-the-holodomor-by-stanislav-kulchytsky/ Anne Applebaum’s book, “Red Famine,” was a great resource for understanding this history: https://bookshop.org/books/red-famine-stalin-s-war-on-ukraine/9780804170888?gclid=CjwKCAjwiuuRBhBvEiwAFXKaNAF3Fn5BUJ_pybMM0QSagzVo2pEsLn3Uo4uE2UhL7nHHjTwXCleWlxoCNHAQAvD_BwE We used photos from Alexander Wienerberger, which are maintained by his great-granddaughter Samara Pearce: https://samarajadea3bb.myportfolio.com/ We also used photos from James Abbe. More info on the photographer can be found here: https://www.jamesabbe.com/ "Ukraine: Histories of Dispossession and Resilience" by Olga Biochak: https://www.megconley.com/hidden-bread-and-hidden-histories/ Chapters Introduction: 00:00 Before the Famine: 1:24 The Famine: 5:20 The Cover-Up: 10:52 Present Day: 13:27 Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1378 - Why people thought steel houses were a good idea

29 mars 2022

It was supposed to be the future of housing. What went wrong? Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Why aren’t homes made of steel? In the late 1940s, one company posed that question. Lustron was a prefabricated home that was supposed to be the future of housing. So why did it fail? For just a few years — 1947 to 1950 — the Columbus, Ohio-based Lustron represented the future of housing. Using a steel frame and porcelain enamel-covered steel panels, Lustron made homes in a factory and shipped them around the country. Vox’s Phil Edwards visited a Lustron home just outside Dayton, Ohio, to experience the unusual features, like magnetic walls, for himself. This home’s quirks weren’t relegated to the materials. Through a combination of government funding sources, an attempt to reinvent the production cycle for home, and a unique distribution plan, the Lustron home helps explain how housing does — and doesn’t — work in America. Further reading: https://www.amazon.com/Lustron-Home-History-Prefabricated-Experiment/dp/0786426551 Tom Fetters’s book, The Lustron Home, is packed full of charts, graphs, original letters, and a clear and concise history of the company’s successes and failures. https://www.amazon.com/SUBURBAN-STEEL-MAGNIFICENT-FAILURE-LANDSCAPE/dp/0814252737 Suburban Steel, Douglas Knerr’s look at Lustron, covers similar ground, but with more of an eye toward government drama and the complexities of public funding for a private business. https://www.ohiohistory.org/visit/exhibits/ohio-history-center-exhibits/1950s-building-the-american-dream/lustron-about/lustron-library/erection-manual Located in Columbus, the Ohio History Connection has a reconstructed Lustron as an exhibit. They also have online resources including the linked instruction manual. https://whitehallhistoricalsociety.weebly.com/lustron.html The Whitehall Historical society writes here about their reconstruction of a Lustron home. If you want to stay in a Lustron, you can. These are just a few of the Lustrons available on vacation sites like Airbnb and VRBO (including Barbara Rose’s home in West Alexandria). https://www.airbnb.com/rooms/4832937 https://www.airbnb.com/rooms/21647262 https://www.airbnb.com/rooms/41822136 https://www.vrbo.com/1375987 https://www.vrbo.com/432058 https://www.airbnb.com/rooms/44593287 Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1379 - How China uses fruit to punish Taiwan

1 avril 2022

It's not just about fruit. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO In September 2021, China banned the import of sugar apples, or atemoya, from Taiwan, claiming they were bringing in pests. Critics say pests are an excuse, and China is weaponizing trade with Taiwan. And this isn’t the first time. In February of 2021, China banned the import of Taiwanese pineapples, causing a backlog and threatening farmers' livelihoods across the country. The current situation is tied to a complex history that goes back to the Chinese civil war, and to recent tensions that go back to 2016, when Taiwan elected a new president. Since then, Chinese military incursions into Taiwan’s air space have been on the rise, and the relation between the two has kept deteriorating. Fruit is the latest expression of this. To understand how this atemoya ban impacts farmers in Taiwan, and how it all ties together, watch our video. Sources and further reading: You can check out the data on Taiwan’s fruit exports here: https://www.producereport.com/article/2019-taiwan-fruit-import-export-statistics-released-exports-mainland-china-43 To read more about the pineapple campaign and how it played out, check this out: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-08-05/china-s-ban-on-taiwan-pineapples-backfires-as-new-buyers-step-in To read the Cross-Strait Agreement on Trade in Services, click here: https://www.mac.gov.tw/public/Data/3859414471.pdf To understand the Sunflower Movement in more depth, read this: https://carnegieendowment.org/2018/08/02/activist-legacy-of-taiwan-s-sunflower-movement-pub-76966 For a deeper look at China’s military incursions, check this out: https://www.cnn.com/2021/10/15/asia/taiwan-invasion-us-china-tensions-intl-dst-hnk/index.html Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1380 - Why everyone has this chair

4 avril 2022

This two-legged chair has been famous for almost 100 years. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO If your internet overlaps even a little bit with mine, you’ve seen a Cesca (also known as a B32). The cantilevered cane and chrome chair is all over the place: in trendy homes, on movies and tv sets, even tattooed on people's bodies. But Instagram’s favorite chair is not exactly new. It was designed nearly 100 years ago by an architect named Marcel Breuer, while he was a student at the Bauhaus, the famed German art school. This somewhat unassuming two-legged chair is the realization of a manifestos-worth of utopian ideals about design and functionality. So maybe it’s no surprise it has somehow remained in fashion for decades: It’s a design icon. And just a really, really nice looking chair. To learn more about Marcel Breuer, “Marcel Breuer: Furniture and Interiors” by Christopher Wilk is a great resource: https://www.moma.org/documents/moma_catalogue_1782_300296422.pdf If you want to read about the Bauhaus, check out “Bauhaus Construct: Fashioning Identity, Discourse and Modernism,” edited By Jeffrey Saletnik and Robin Schuldenfrei: https://www.routledge.com/Bauhaus-Construct-Fashioning-Identity-Discourse-and-Modernism/Saletnik-Schuldenfrei/p/book/9780415778367 And to see some scans of original Bauhaus publications, check out Bauhaus Bookshelf: https://www.bauhaus-bookshelf.org/bauhaus-original-sources-for-pdf-download.html Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1381 - How Ukrainians are saving art during the war

8 avril 2022

And the long history of why protecting physical culture matters. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Despite the fact that it’s a war crime to target cultural heritage, cultural sites are often treated as a second front: looted, damaged, or destroyed as a way for an aggressor to assert power, demoralize an enemy, and control — or even erase — a cultural narrative. From the very beginning of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, identity has been at the center of Putin’s agenda. And as cultural sites all over the country sustain damage, it is becoming increasingly clear that erasing the cultural and historical markers of Ukraine are a key facet of Russia’s plan. Ukraine is home to a vast array of visual and material culture — museums, monuments, archives, and architecture — all of which is at grave risk of destruction, both collateral and intentional. We spoke with three experts actively working to safeguard Ukraine’s artistic treasures: Dr. Hayden Bassett, director of the Virginia Museum of Natural History’s Cultural Heritage Monitoring Lab (CHML) https://www.vmnh.net/research-collections/chml; Vasyl Mystko, director of communications for Lviv’s Gallery of Art http://lvivgallery.org.ua/museums?fbclid=IwAR2HXxBPUoL7UWtAZ34avtatrSFpKDjyC1r8ghZOAugCUz2-UlSnAGtbKps ; and Catarina Buchatskiy, co-founder of the Shadows Project https://beacons.page/shadows.project https://www.instagram.com/shadows.project/ Here’s the link to the Ukrainian Cultural Ministry’s repository for cultural crimes that we mentioned in the video: https://culturecrimes.mkip.gov.ua/ If you’re interested in volunteering remotely, Saving Ukrainian Cultural Heritage Online (SUCHO) is working to identify and archive at-risk sites, digital content, and data in Ukrainian cultural heritage institutions. https://www.sucho.org/ Or check out the Network of European Museum Organizations (NEMO). They’re collecting a list of some organizations in contact with Ukrainians on the ground: https://www.ne-mo.org/advocacy/our-advocacy-work/museums-support-ukraine.html Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1383 - The banned weapon Russia (and the US) won’t give up

15 avril 2022

Why war crimes investigators are looking for cluster bombs in Ukraine. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO In Ukraine, human rights investigators like Amnesty International and Bellingcat have been tracking Russian attacks to aid in a potential war crimes investigation. One thing they’re paying special attention to is cluster bombs. Cluster bombs were first used in World War II; they scatter numerous smaller bombs over a wide area — often killing civilians. It’s this indiscriminate nature that often makes their use a war crime. Our modern conception of war crimes was created by a series of treaties spanning decades. In 1977, one of those treaties banned what’s known as “indiscriminate attacks.” That means militaries are legally prohibited from attacking an area imprecisely, in a way that can harm civilians. Russia is not alone in using these weapons: In conflicts since the 1977 treaty, many militaries continue using them in civilian areas, with impunity, including the US. This video explains how they’re being used by Russia, and why places like the US and Russia just won’t give them up. For Amnesty International’s original thread about their February 28th Kharkiv investigation: https://twitter.com/amnesty/status/1499357444903952393?s=20&t=rJJ10vnHehrsEevVE9rY7Q For more coverage of the February 28 attack we cover in the video: https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/28/world/europe/russia-ukraine-war-kharkiv.html For more reporting on the US military’s legacy of air strikes, which has included cluster bombing: https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/19/magazine/victims-airstrikes-middle-east-civilians.html Bellingcat has been tracking the use of cluster bomb strikes in Ukraine here: https://www.bellingcat.com/news/2022/02/27/ukraine-conflict-tracking-use-of-cluster-munitions-in-civilian-areas/ The New Yorker article that covers the last known direct US cluster bomb strike, in Yemen in 2009: https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/what-we-dont-know-about-drones More of our sources: http://www.stopclustermunitions.org/en-gb/cluster-bombs/use-of-cluster-bombs/a-timeline-of-cluster-bomb-use.aspx https://sgp.fas.org/crs/weapons/R45749.pdf http://www.the-monitor.org/media/3299952/Cluster-Munition-Monitor-2021_web_Sept2021.pdf https://www.icrc.org/en/doc/assets/files/other/cluster-munition-victims-factsheet-2010.pdf Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1384 - How “Z” became Putin’s new propaganda meme

21 avril 2022

The letter now signifies loyalty to the Russian president. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Russian gymnast Ivan Kuliak caused controversy in March 2022 when he accepted a bronze medal at a World Cup event, all while sporting a taped-on letter “Z” on his uniform. The Z symbol had already been appearing all over Russia, as a sign of support for the Russian invasion of Ukraine and loyalty to Russian President Vladimir Putin. The letter popped up on merchandise, in highly organized flash mobs that often involved children, at pro-war rallies, and in internet memes. The symbol was originally spotted on Russian tanks and trucks building up at Ukraine’s border in late February, along with other letters like V and O. Questions about what the symbols meant began circulating online, and once the invasion began on February 24, most analysts agreed the markings were likely for tactical purposes. But as intrigue around them grew, the Russian Defense Ministry seized on the opportunity to claim that the letters carry extra meaning. They began generating memes that incorporated the Z and V into propaganda slogans. Those letters don’t appear in Russia’s Cyrillic alphabet, so some of the memes Latinize them: most common are ones that begin with the word “for” — spelled “Зa” in Russian, but Latinized to “Za” for the memes. Another way Putin’s regime has turned Z into a propaganda meme has been by connecting it with the Soviet victory over Nazi Germany in World War II. The “Great Patriotic War” maintains a significant presence in Russian culture — the anniversary of Germany’s defeat is celebrated each year on May 9, or "Victory Day," and World War II imagery is heavily associated with Russian patriotism and national pride. Z memes that incorporate old photos of Soviet soldiers — and the recognizable orange and black stripes of the Ribbon of St. George — are an attempt to equate the current war in Ukraine with World War II. The Z has spread beyond Russia, too. It’s now seen in pro-Russian demonstrations worldwide and is banned in a growing list of countries. The Z’s evolution from tactical markings on invasion vehicles to a global pro-war symbol demonstrates the effectiveness of the Putin regime’s propaganda strategies. Correction: A previous version of this video showed a photo at 4:06 of graffiti in Vologograd which depicted a satirical use of "Z" slogans. We have changed the image to a graffitied "Z" in St. Petersburg instead. “Z” Is the Symbol of the New Russian Politics of Aggression, by Masha Gessen: https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-columnists/z-is-the-symbol-of-the-new-russian-politics-of-aggression ‘Z’ How Russia transformed a letter of the Latin alphabet into the official (and ominous) symbol of its invasion of Ukraine, by Alexey Kovalev and Meduza: https://meduza.io/en/feature/2022/03/16/z Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1385 - Why Frank Lloyd Wright’s windows look like this

22 avril 2022

Natural light was an obsession — and he worked hard to let it in. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Frank Lloyd Wright’s Usonian homes included many distinctive features, from the brick and cedar materials to the open floor plan. But one of the most distinctive features might be the windows — which reflected his broader philosophy of natural light. As the above video shows, Wright considered natural light an important part of the house that deserved highlighting, both in the windows used and in the way the rest of the house showcased that light. The Pope-Leighey house in Alexandria, Virginia, is a particularly good showcase of the way these windows made natural light an integral part of the home. Further Reading: Steven M. Reiss’s book about the Pope-Leighey House is an invaluable resource for learning about the house, but it also gives a peek into the development process of a Frank Lloyd Wright home. https://www.upress.virginia.edu/title/4293 Frank Lloyd Wright’s The Natural House details the philosophy behind his Usonian homes, as well as more about his view of organic architecture. https://archive.org/details/naturalhouse0000wrig John Luttropp’s model of the Pope-Leighey house is astonishingly accurate, and you can play around with it and download it for free. https://3dwarehouse.sketchup.com/model/uce79d8fa-b770-4a8e-be4e-3deff92b3c8b/Pope-Leighey-House-1939 Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1386 - Who made these circles in the Sahara?

10 mai 2022

Someone left these marks in the sand. We had to find out who. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Deep in the Sahara, far from any towns, roads, or other signs of life, is a row of markings in the sand. There are dozens of them stretching for miles in a straight line in central Algeria, each consisting of a central point surrounded by a circle of 12 nodes, like numbers on a clock. And when we started making this video, no one seemed to know what they were. We first saw the circles back in September 2021, after finding a Reddit post on r/WhatIsThis with coordinates asking what the circles could be. With just two upvotes and two commenters, it wasn’t exactly a lively discussion. But seeing the circles themselves on Google Earth was fascinating: They were eerily perfect in their shape and regularity, but so deeply isolated in the desert. We were hooked on finding an answer. So we decided to make a video out of trying to solve the mystery, no matter where it took us. We documented every step of the process — from Zoom calls and web browser screen recordings to vlogs and field shoots — to show the reporting process from the inside out. And when we maxed out what we could learn on the internet, we handed over this story to a team in Algeria to take it all the way. Resources: Check out the circles for yourself: https://www.google.com/maps/@27.270129,4.3221894,251m/data=!3m1!1e3 Read Will K’s original post: https://www.reddit.com/r/Whatisthis/comments/nv4ysr/ive_just_discovered_unexplained_and_undocumented/ Here’s the 1885 document that Melissa found: https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/pdf/10.2307/495986 Read Dale Lightfoot on the sustainability of qanats: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12685-017-0200-7 My interview with Marta Musso didn’t make the final cut, but you can check out her work on the history of the hydrocarbon industry and Algerian decolonization: https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1mtz521.8?seq=1 I also spoke to Roberto Cantoni, who wrote a great book that covers the same history: https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/mono/10.4324/9781315531533-4/oil-diplomacy-wartime-algeria-roberto-cantoni Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1388 - The hidden history of “Hand Talk”

16 mai 2022

The hidden history of an ancient language. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Centuries before we had American Sign Language, Native sign languages, broadly known as “Hand Talk,” were thriving across North America. Hand Talk would be influential in the formation of American Sign Language. But it has largely been written out of history. One of these Hand Talk variations, Plains Indian Sign Language, was used so widely across the Great Plains that it became a lingua franca — a universal language used by both deaf and hearing people to communicate among tribes that didn’t share a common spoken language. At one point, tens of thousands of indigenous people used Plains Indian Sign Language, or PISL, for everything from trade to hunting, conflict, storytelling, and rituals. But by the late 1800s, the federal government had implemented a policy that would change the course of indigenous history forever: a violent boarding school program designed to forcibly assimilate indigenous children into white American culture — a dark history that we’re still learning more about to this day. Because of a forced “English-only” policy, the boarding school era is one of the main reasons we lost so many Native signers — along with the eventual dominance of ASL in schools for the deaf. Today, there are just a handful of fluent PISL signers left in the US. In the piece above we hear from two of these signers who have dedicated their lives to studying and revitalizing the language. They show us PISL in action, and help us explore how this ancient language holds centuries of indigenous history. Note: The headline on this piece has been updated. Previous headline: Before American Sign Language, we had "Hand Talk" Read more from Melanie McKay-Cody on the history of Plains Indian Sign Language: https://shareok.org/handle/11244/319767 Check out Lanny Real Bird’s videos: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCSFVFPZKp14gfMWhA1EzxlQ Much of the footage of the 1930 Indian Sign Language Council isn’t online, but check out some of it here: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Indian_Sign_Language_Council_(1930).webm Here are some original books we reference on sign talk: https://archive.org/details/indiansigntalkbe00hadl/page/66/mode/2up https://archive.org/details/indiansignlangua00tomk/page/10/mode/2up The Smithsonian holds lots of photos and archives on Plains Indian Sign Language like this: https://www.si.edu/object/archives/components/sova-naa-photolot-24-ref10318 Sarah Klotz on how Native American boarding schools like Carlisle contributed to the loss of PISL: http://constell8cr.com/issue-2/the-historical-work-of-cultural-rhetorics-constellating-indigenous-deaf-and-english-only-literacies/. She references archives that shows how students continued to use sign language like this one from the Carlisle Indian School Digital Resource Center: https://carlisleindian.dickinson.edu/publications/school-news-vol-2-no-8 Have an idea for a story that we should investigate for Missing Chapter? Send it to us via this form! http://bit.ly/2RhjxMy Sign up for the Missing Chapter newsletter to stay up to date with the series: https://vox.com/missing-chapter Explore the full Missing Chapter playlist, including episodes, a creator Q&A, and more! https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ8cMiYb3G5fR2kt0L4Nihvel4pEDw9od Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1389 - Why Germany is hooked on Russian gas

18 mai 2022

How Germany got stuck paying for Russia's war. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Since Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, the EU has sanctioned much of Russia’s economy, but Russia’s natural gas trade remains untouched. The EU gets nearly a quarter of its energy from natural gas, and almost half of that comes from Russia, the world’s largest gas exporter. As the EU’s largest economy, Germany is Russia’s biggest customer, paying Russia’s state-owned gas company 200 million euros. So while Germany has even sent Ukraine weapons, in a historic shift of military policy, through its gas supply Germany is helping to pay for the war it’s trying to stop. It’s inherently hard to pivot away from piped gas. Unlike oil and coal, which can be rerouted, gas pipelines cost billions, take years to build, and physically connect producer and buyer directly, making them long-term commitments. That was the origin of Germany’s dependence on Russian gas, and over time it’s only deepened. Today, as the world tries to punish Russia through sanctions, that dependence is getting in the way. Sources for additional reading: Explore the world’s natural gas pipelines (and so much more!) with the Global Energy Monitor’s map: https://globalenergymonitor.org/ Check out this explorer from IEA that showcases the world’s reliance on Russia’s fossil fuels. You can select natural gas in the dropdown menu to get that specific data: https://www.iea.org/reports/reliance-on-russian-fossil-fuels-data-explorer This tracker from the Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air shows how much money Europe has spent on Russian fossil fuels since the war in Ukraine began: https://beyond-coal.eu/russian-fossil-fuel-tracker/ This review of Power of Connection: Why the Russia-Europe gas trade is strangely untouched by politics by Thane Gustafson is a good summary of the strong link natural gas pipelines create between producers and buyers: https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-03694-y If you want to dive into German-Russian natural gas relations, check out this research paper by Aurelie Bros: https://www.swp-berlin.org/publications/products/research_papers/2017RP13_wep_EtAl.pdf The 2009 gas dispute that became a warning for Europe is explained in detail here: https://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/NG27-TheRussoUkrainianGasDisputeofJanuary2009AComprehensiveAssessment-JonathanSternSimonPiraniKatjaYafimava-2009.pdf Here you can check out the EU’s sanctions on Russia since the war in Ukraine began: https://ec.europa.eu/info/business-economy-euro/banking-and-finance/international-relations/restrictive-measures-sanctions/sanctions-adopted-following-russias-military-aggression-against-ukraine_en And, finally, we recommend these two books for anyone who wants to go even deeper into the topic: Red Gas: Russia and the origins of European energy dependence by Per Högselius: https://www.amazon.com/Red-Gas-Dependence-Macmillan-Transnational/dp/1137293713 Russian Energy Chains: The remaking of technopolitics from Siberia to Ukraine to the European Union by Margarita Balmaceda: https://www.foreignaffairs.com/reviews/capsule-review/2021-10-19/russian-energy-chains-remaking-technopolitics-siberia-ukraine Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1390 - We tracked what happens after TikTok songs go viral

31 mai 2022

A data investigation into how TikTok is shaping the music industry, in collaboration with The Pudding. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO It’s no secret that TikTok is a virality machine. Songs get turned into sounds that can be used in any video, and if they gain enough traction they can catapult a musician into the pop culture stratosphere. But we wanted to know exactly what happens between a song going viral and an artist becoming a bonafide success. So in the fall of 2021, we partnered with data analysis website The Pudding figure it out. Along the way, we discovered that using data to concretely answer this question is quite a challenge. Our process included creating dozens of custom data sets, careful fact-checking, and conversations with both hit songwriters and music industry executives to match data with real experiences. After seven months of spreadsheets, data deep-dives, and interviews, we were able to follow the numbers to track what happens to artists after they go viral — and how the music industry has shapeshifted around TikTok. It turns out the app is completely revolutionizing the way record labels work, and giving artists more leverage than ever. Check out the data on The Pudding's website here: https://pudding.cool/2022/07/tiktok-story/ More from The Pudding: https://pudding.cool/ | TikTok: @the_pudding Additional credit: Researcher Halley Brown You can find all of our interviewees at the links below: JVKE | TikTok: @JVKE | IG: @itsjvke L.Dre | TikTok: @ldrethegiant | IG: @ldrethegiant | YouTube: www.youtube.com/ProdByLDre Tom Rosenthal | TikTok: @tomrosenthalmusic Mary Rahmani | www.moonprojects.com Ari Herstand | aristake.com Elias Leight | Twitter: @ehleight Matt Daniels | Twitter: @matthew_daniels Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1391 - The text-to-image revolution, explained

1 juin 2022

How programmers turned the internet into a paintbrush. DALL-E 2, Midjourney, Imagen, explained. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Beginning in January 2021, advances in AI research have produced a plethora of deep-learning models capable of generating original images from simple text prompts, effectively extending the human imagination. Researchers at OpenAI, Google, Facebook, and others have developed text-to-image tools that they have not yet released to the public, and similar models have proliferated online in the open-source arena and at smaller companies like Midjourney. These tools represent a massive cultural shift because they remove the requirement for technical labor from the process of image-making. Instead, they select for creative ideation, skillful use of language, and curatorial taste. The ultimate consequences are difficult to predict, but — like the invention of the camera, and the digital camera thereafter — these algorithms herald a new, democratized form of expression that will commence another explosion in the volume of imagery produced by humans. But, like other automated systems trained on historical data and internet images, they also come with risks that have not been resolved. The video above is a primer on how we got here, how this technology works, and some of the implications. And for an extended discussion about what this means for human artists, designers, and illustrators, check out this bonus video: https://youtu.be/sFBfrZ-N3G4 Midjourney: www.midjourney.com List of free AI Art tools: https://pharmapsychotic.com/tools.html Sources: https://arxiv.org/abs/1511.02793 https://arnicas.substack.com/p/titaa-28-visual-poetry-humans-and?s=r https://va2rosa.medium.com/copyright-storm-authorship-in-the-age-of-ai-baba554aa617 https://tedunderwood.com/2021/10/21/latent-spaces-of-culture/ https://medium.com/artists-and-machine-intelligence/a-journey-through-multiple-dimensions-and-transformations-in-space-the-final-frontier-d8435d81ca51 https://jxmo.notion.site/The-Weird-and-Wonderful-World-of-AI-Art-b9615a2e7278435b98380ff81ae1cf09 https://ml.berkeley.edu/blog/posts/clip-art/ https://multimodal.art/ https://openai.com/blog/dall-e/ https://openai.com/blog/clip/ https://openai.com/dall-e-2/ https://laion.ai/laion-5b-a-new-era-of-open-large-scale-multi-modal-datasets/ https://arxiv.org/abs/2110.01963 Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1392 - Why shipping container homes are overrated

15 juin 2022

They’re fun. They’re also way more difficult to build than they seem. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Shipping container homes have been a trend for a while, from reality TV shows to housing policy discussions. But the truth is that these homes are a lot more difficult to build than you might think. It’s easy to think that housing solutions are purely technological, but many obstacles to housing aren’t in construction but in the policies surrounding homebuilding. Moreover, many of the supposed advantages of shipping containers turn out to be more complicated in reality. Vox’s Phil Edwards spent a night in a shipping container home to see how the experience of staying in a shipping container compares with the reality of building one. Further Reading: Mark Hogan’s 2015 opinion piece about shipping containers is a great introduction to the topic: https://www.archdaily.com/773491/opinion-whats-wrong-with-shipping-container-housing-everything Belinda Carr’s debunking of shipping containers gets into more building science detail: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i7yEDz6bCfU She’s also an even-handed critic and made a video about five shipping container successes: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xkG3gmPUPQg You can check out Michael’s Airbnbs here: https://www.airbnb.com/users/show/329149776 Make sure you never miss behind-the-scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1393 - Why roller coaster loops aren't circular

29 juin 2022

The G forces were out of this world. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO If you’ve ever been on a modern looping roller coaster, you’ve probably experienced a thrilling, safe, and mostly comfortable ride. But this wasn’t always the case. Just over 100 years ago, loop-the-loops were painful, not sturdy, and much more dangerous than they are today. Between the 1840s and early 1900s, loops on roller coasters were perfectly circular — meaning riders would go from traveling in a fairly straight line to immediately moving into a curve. This rapid onset of curvature caused extreme G force spikes that rattled passengers to their core. The first looping roller coaster in North America — Coney Island’s Flip-Flap Railway — could exert up to 14 G's on a person. For reference, astronauts in a spaceship launch experience 3 G’s. Fighter pilots with very special equipment and training can handle 10 G’s for short periods of time. 14 G’s was (and still is) tremendous. More people paid to watch others ride these early coasters rather than ride themselves. Without sustained success, most looping coasters closed down within their first decade of operation. Looping coasters wouldn’t find success again until the 1970s with a new loop shape, new materials, many more cars — and, thankfully, fewer G’s. In this video, we break down all the advancements that helped make looping coasters the popular ride they are today. Links: https://www.aceonline.org/ https://www.youtube.com/user/yoprofmatt https://vc.bridgew.edu/honors_proj/459/ https://gizmodo.com/why-roller-coaster-loops-are-never-circular-1549063718 https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/1997/08/13/a-brief-history-of-the-roller-coaster/4490a0f9-6a82-451d-86b7-f36a7bc0fbbf/ Make sure you never miss behind-the-scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1394 - Drag kings, explained by drag kings

30 juin 2022

Mo B. Dick, Maxxx Pleasure, Sigi Moonlight, Johnny Gentleman, and King Molasses explain the evolution of drag. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Drag kings have historically gotten a lot less attention than drag queens, but that’s starting to change. We interviewed five drag kings about their relationships to drag, how the artform has transformed, and what they love about it. In the words of King Molasses, drag is full of “that swag you get in the shower that nobody sees.” Drag king performances are all about playing with masculine identities: politicizing them, satirizing them, and having fun with them. And these performers have been around for centuries. In China, documentation of “male impersonators” dates back to the Tang Dynasty, from 618 to 907 AD. In the mid-to-late 1800s, drag king pioneers like Annie Hindle, Vesta Tilley, and Ella Wesner began performing. And in the early 1900s, Go-won-go Mohawk was likely the first indigenous male impersonator. By the early 1900s, black performers like Gladys Bentley and Stormé DeLarverie were becoming drag pioneers. And by the 1990s, there was a big, thriving drag king scene in cities like New York City, San Francisco, and London — all over the world. Today, drag kings are pushing for space in a cis male-dominated field. And it’s working. Resources: Instagram links for all the featured kings: King Molasses, DC: https://www.instagram.com/kingmolasses/ Mo B. Dick, LA: https://www.instagram.com/mrmobdick/ Johnny Sin Gentleman, LA: https://www.instagram.com/johnnythegentla/ Maxxx Pleasure, NYC: https://www.instagram.com/mr.mpleasure/ Sigi Moonlight, London: https://www.instagram.com/sigimoonlight/?hl=en Make sure you never miss behind-the-scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1395 - How the “lost cities” of the Amazon were finally found

7 juillet 2022

And why they were so hard to see Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO The Amazon has always been one of the most mysterious places on earth. When European colonizers arrived in the 16th century, they were captivated by rumors of a golden city, hidden somewhere in the rainforest. Their search for “El Dorado” lasted more than a century, but only resulted in disaster, death, and further conquest of the indigenous people there. Experts thereafter looked at the Amazon and saw only a desolate jungle; too harsh for extensive agriculture and therefore sparsely populated. They believed that it had always been this way. Until recently. Beginning in the late 20th century, archaeologists began looking more closely at the forest floor. Working with the indigenous people who still remained there, they excavated long ditches and mounds. After mapping them, they could see that these were the markings of large settlements; walls, moats, plazas, and roads that connected even more settlements. And they were all over the Amazon. Further reading: The Lost City of Z, David Grann Exploration Fawcett: Journey to the Lost City of Z, Percy Fawcett The works of Michael Heckenberger; https://anthro.ufl.edu/2013/09/29/heckenberger/ Lidar reveals pre-Hispanic low-density urbanism in the Bolivian Amazon https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-04780-4 The geoglyph sites of Acre, Brazil: 10 000-year-old land-use practices and climate change in Amazonia https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/antiquity/article/geoglyph-sites-of-acre-brazil-10-000yearold-landuse-practices-and-climate-change-in-amazonia/6E74670EB776FB3DE3EE426A87847C33 Predicting pre-Columbian anthropogenic soils in Amazonia https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2013.2475 The Lore of Lost Cities - Imagining The Lost City Of Z https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidanderson/2019/04/30/the-lore-of-lost-cities-imagining-the-lost-city-of-z/?sh=2114a4fc4862 Once Hidden by Forest, Carvings in Land Attest to Amazon’s Lost World https://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/15/world/americas/land-carvings-attest-to-amazons-lost-world.html Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1396 - How abortion bans make inequality worse

8 juillet 2022

And the study that offers a glimpse into a post-Roe v. Wade future. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO In 2008, researchers with the University of California San Francisco embarked on a study that compared the outcomes of two similar groups of women, each at a crucial juncture in their lives: a visit to an abortion clinic. The groups differed, though, in whether or not they were able to terminate an unwanted pregnancy. It was called the Turnaway Study, named for those who were turned away by the clinic because their pregnancies were past legal gestational limits, and it provides some of the best data we have on the impacts of abortion bans. Among the study’s findings is the severe financial impact of being forced to parent a new child when someone is already living in difficult financial circumstances. People who seek abortions, especially later-term abortions, are far more likely than the general population to be living in poverty, or otherwise financially unstable. That fact makes it unsurprising that, when researchers asked women about their reasons for seeking an abortion, not being financially prepared was the most common reason. This video offers a glimpse into the financial penalty of parenting under difficult circumstances. We interviewed several women who had similar experiences to the women in the study. We didn’t seek out interviewees who exactly reflected the circumstances of the study participants (i.e., the length of gestation when they sought an abortion, or their socioeconomic background) but their stories reveal some parallels: most people want an abortion because they don’t feel financially stable or don’t have a partner they want to co-parent with. The Turnaway Study also looked at mental health outcomes, relationship outcomes, and whether or not study participants chose adoption instead of parenting. Whether or not they chose adoption is relevant to common pro-life rhetoric, which encourages people to give unwanted children up for adoption rather than choose abortion. But the Turnaway Study found that 91% of women who were denied an abortion chose to parent, which indicates that adoption is not a feasible alternative for most people. We interviewed Gretchen Sisson, a researcher who looked at adoption rates and motivations among the Turnaway Study participants. For more coverage of the Turnaway Study: https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/16/magazine/study-women-denied-abortions.html?_r=0 For lead Turnaway Study researcher Diana Greene Foster’s book about her study: https://bookshop.org/books/the-turnaway-study-ten-years-a-thousand-women-and-the-consequences-of-having-or-being-denied-an-abortion-9781982141578/9781982141561 For links to further research using Turnaway Study data: https://www.ansirh.org/sites/default/files/publications/files/turnawaystudyannotatedbibliography.pdf For Gretchen Sisson’s work on adoption: https://www.whijournal.com/article/S1049-3867(16)30348-6/fulltext We also interviewed Katie Woodruff, who analyzed news coverage of abortion: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30309695/ Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1397 - Why motion capture is harder than it looks

19 juillet 2022

The suits are just the beginning of the motion capture process. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Motion capture has taken over a lot of computer animation for movies, video games, and TV. Coverage typically focuses on actors wearing funny suits and performing feats of imagination. But is it really that easy? The above video shows that it’s a lot more complex than that. Motion capture requires heavy editing, tweaking, and processing after the actual capture to create animations that look real. That part of the process is key to understanding the images on your screen. Watch the above video to learn more. Further Reading: https://plask.ai/ Plask.ai lets you try out these tools for yourself. It’s a fun way to see just how far AI-based motion capture can go. https://www.mixamo.com/#/ Mixamo is one of many resources for motion capture artists, and it’s fun to just browse the animations and see how they work. https://beforesandafters.com/2019/09/10/computer-pajamas-the-history-of-ilms-imocap/ As in most things related to visual effects, the site Befores and Afters has countless relevant nuggets of behind-the-scenes footage and deep dives into motion capture history. Note: The headline on this piece has been updated. Previous headline: Why motion capture is more than actors in funny suits Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1398 - Your brain on travel [Advertiser Content From Marriott Bonvoy®]

20 juillet 2022

Let’s go back in time to one of the most groundbreaking neuroscience discoveries in all of history. Some scientists once believed that the human brain was unchangeable and only declined with age. In the 1960s, neuroscientist Dr. Marian Diamond proved that this belief was false. Dr. Diamond, who famously studied the brain of Dr. Albert Einstein, proved that if the brain was in an enriched environment, it could grow and renew its connections. One way humans can access an enriched environment? Travel. Different brains’ synapses are sparked when humans are exposed to new foods, smells, tastes, and sensations within their environment. Traveling is one way humans can potentially develop new synaptic connections and transform archaic ways of comprehending. Dr. Diamond found that the cerebral cortices of the rats in enriched environments were about six percent bigger than the rats in the bare cages. Also, the rats in the multi-sensory environment had more synaptic connections than those in the bare settings. This demonstrated that in order for the brain to be able to learn, strengthen and develop, it needs synapses connections. Dr. Beau Lotto, who was mentored by Dr. Marian Diamond, elaborates on the significance of those connections: “What’s really important is to have a brain that has the ability to make connections and to lose them. In other words, it’s not about just adapting, it’s about becoming adaptable.” In his book “Soft-Wired: How the New Science of Brain Plasticity Can Change Your Life,” Dr. Michael Merzenich explains the importance of getting outside of one’s comfort zone and embracing the unfamiliar. According to Merzenich, “people who travel to new places, keep learning languages, and continue to experience new things into old age, are far less likely to develop cognitive decay.” Building on that theme, “travel and having new experiences, in general, is very beneficial for creativity because the more bits of information that you have, the more learning that you have,” says Dr. Shelley Carson, author of “Your Creative Brain: Seven Steps to Maximize Imagination, Productivity, and Innovation in Your Life.” To be more creative, a person needs to learn new things constantly. “Travel is one of the ways to constantly be learning because travel is full of new experiences, new stimuli, that’s just going to pack your brain full of new information,” says Dr. Carson. Wherever your journey takes you, explore Marriott Bonvoy properties around the world at https://www.marriott.com/loyalty/where-can-we-take-you.mi. With over 30 extraordinary hotel brands and endless experiences, you can take your body, brain, and mind on a singularly awe-inspiring trip.

Épisode 1399 - 4 ways Americans are still getting abortion pills

26 juillet 2022

Banning abortion doesn’t eliminate the need for it. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO In June, the Supreme Court overturned the 1973 landmark decision Roe v. Wade — eliminating the federal right to abortion, and giving the power to decide whether abortion is a crime to each individual state. As of July, many states have already banned abortion outright, and more are soon to follow. But heavily restricting or banning abortion doesn’t eliminate the need for it. And abortion care looks a bit different than it did in 1973. Over 50 percent of legal abortions in the United States are now carried out early in pregnancy with the use of a two-medication regime known as “abortion pills” or “medication abortion.” Most people are able to take the medication in the privacy of their own home. In December 2021, the federal Food and Drug Administration permanently allowed the pills to be shipped by mail -- and even the states with the tightest restrictions don't necessarily have the power to stop the pills from being discreetly mailed to patients’ homes. And while doctors who live in states where abortion is banned can’t prescribe the pills for that purpose, people in those states are finding ways get them with the help of websites like PlanCPills.org. The video above outlines some of the paths they’re taking to get the care they need in a post-Roe America. This article from The Cut explains more about abortion pills: https://www.thecut.com/article/find-abortion-pill-what-to-expect.html For more informational resources on medication abortion and abortion in general: Plan C is an information campaign run by two public health specialists, Elisa Wells (whom we feature in the video) and Francine Coeytaux. It lays out state-by-state resources on how to access medication abortion. https://www.plancpills.org/ The Cut also has a resource guide to locate clinics or services nearest to your zip code: https://www.thecut.com/abortion-clinic-near-you More information on medication abortion itself and what to expect: https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/abortion/the-abortion-pill The Miscarriage and Abortion hotline can connect people with doctors via phone or text: https://www.mahotline.org/ For more information on mail forwarding: https://www.plancpills.org/mail-forwarding If/When/How can provide legal advice: https://www.ifwhenhow.org/ Their reproductive legal helpline and number are here: https://www.reprolegalhelpline.org/ 844-868-2812 Links to some providers mentioned in the video: Aid Access: https://aidaccess.org/en/ Hey Jane: https://www.heyjane.com/ Just the Pill: https://www.justthepill.com/ Chapters Medication abortion, explained: 00:00 Four ways people are getting abortion pills: 2:33 1. Leave the state: 2:58 2. Mail forwarding: 3:23 3. Online pharmacies: 4:24 4. Aid Access: 4:44 Weighing the options: 5:18 Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1400 - Why US schools are at the center of trans rights

27 juillet 2022

A civil rights battle with transgender kids caught in the middle. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO In recent years, state legislatures in the US have introduced hundreds of bills targeting the rights of LGBTQ Americans. Many of those laws are focused in particular on the rights of transgender school children in public schools: what types of bathrooms they can use, whether their pronouns will be used, and whether they can participate in school sports. These laws are increasingly common in Republican-controlled states. Also, they may be violations of federal law. This puts public schools in these states in a strange position: do they follow state laws that, under the Biden administration, could open them up to a federal civil rights investigation? Or do they ignore state law, and risk the state cutting their funding? Amid all that uncertainty, those who suffer most are the trans children caught up in the fight. This video focuses on how that battle is playing out in Tennessee, the state that has introduced more anti-LGBTQ laws in 2022 than almost any other state. We looked at two of the laws that target transgender public school kids: one about bathrooms and one about participation in school sports. Those two issues have very different legal contexts, which you can read more about in the links below. For more on the legal background of trans and nonbinary rights and bathrooms, you can read about the case of Gavin Grimm: https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/28/us/politics/supreme-court-transgender-bathroom-rights.html For more on transgender athletes and school sports, you can read about how Title IX will play a role: https://apnews.com/article/title-ix-transgender-athletes-rights-9adfe49a8e07f66f07b5e2302bb94730 A note about the data on bullying and school attendance that compares trans, nonbinary, and cisgender students: the sample size of this study is low, covering 14 states that included a question about gender identity, and it’s difficult to ascertain how many transgender students were surveyed in it: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/su/su6901a1.htm#:~:text=In%20addition%2C%20although,and%20ethnicity%20data However, surveys by the Trevor Project point to similar findings on bullying and mental health: https://www.thetrevorproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/The-Trevor-Project-Bullying-Research-Brief-October-2021.pdf Here is more data on mental health and transgender students in US schools: https://www.brookings.edu/blog/brown-center-chalkboard/2021/09/13/transgender-student-rights-shouldnt-be-subject-to-partisan-feuds/ EdWeek has a thorough breakdown of what’s behind the push to legislate school policies, and how anti-LGBTQ laws are used as a political strategy by Republicans: https://www.edweek.org/leadership/whats-driving-the-push-to-restrict-schools-on-lgbtq-issues/2022/04 For more on the implications for the Nashville school board’s decision to defy Tennessee law: https://wpln.org/post/tennessee-will-soon-be-able-to-pull-funding-from-schools-that-defy-anti-transgender-laws-where-does-that-leave-transgender-youth/ Chapters State law vs. federal law: 00:00 Tennessee’s anti-trans laws: 2:02 Who controls public schools?: 4:22 Legal limbo: 6:21 Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1401 - Why US gun laws get looser after mass shootings

28 juillet 2022

Congress has rarely acted. But gun laws have been changing. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO For decades, the US Congress failed to make meaningful movement on gun reform in the aftermath of mass shootings. But that weak federal response has obscured another story: that state gun laws change after mass shootings all the time. And a study found that, in Republican-controlled state legislatures, a mass shooting roughly doubles the number of laws loosening gun restrictions in the next year. In this video we look at Texas, where decades of mass shootings in the US have been met with laws that expand gun access. We spoke with Flo Rice, a survivor of the 2018 Santa Fe High School shooting, where a gunman killed 10 people. Flo was shot six times. She and her husband, Scot, became advocates for gun safety, and tried to get tighter gun laws passed in Texas. Watch the piece above to see what happened, and what their story reveals about who has power when it comes to gun policy in the US. SOURCES: Here’s the 2020 study on gun laws we reference in the video: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047272719301446 The Giffords Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence has lots of resources to understand gun laws in the US. We mention that the US has only had a few major federal laws enacted on guns. You can learn more about some of them here: https://giffords.org/lawcenter/gun-laws/policy-areas/other-laws-policies/key-federal-regulation-acts/ The Texas Tribune has lots of information on the state’s gun laws. Here is one of James Barragán’s recent articles: https://www.texastribune.org/2022/05/30/texas-democrats-gun-control-uvalde/ The Texas Tribune also has this timeline that helped us develop ours: https://apps.texastribune.org/features/2019/texas-10-years-of-mass-shootings-timeline/ The Texas Political Project tracks public opinion on gun laws every few months: https://texaspolitics.utexas.edu/polling/search?fulltext_search=AND&fulltext=should+gun+laws+be+more+or+less+strict#overall The RAND Corporation has been tracking gun laws across the country in their database: https://www.rand.org/pubs/tools/TLA243-2-v2.html OpenSecrets has lots of data and resources on lobbying and political contributions: https://www.opensecrets.org/news/2022/05/texas-is-a-top-target-for-gun-rights-lobbying-and-political-contributions Chapters: The gun cycle: 00:00 The study: 1:41 Texas: 3:12 Gun laws across the US: 7:11 Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1402 - This high-speed rail project is a warning for the US

29 juillet 2022

California's "train to nowhere" shows the challenges ahead. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO In 2008, voters in California passed Proposition 1A, giving the state the go-ahead to build a high-speed rail line. In theory, it was a great idea. The train would whisk passengers between San Francisco and Los Angeles in less than 3 hours. Eventually it would also link San Diego and Sacramento. It was estimated that it would take until 2020 to complete. But now it’s 2022, and so far California’s high-speed rail line is just a few concrete bridges and viaducts strewn across the rural Central Valley. Much of the plan had to be changed, redesigned, or even abandoned all together. Now the project is decades late and way over budget. And that isn’t just California’s problem. Because among the many factors that plagued the project, several are baked into the power structure of the US itself. Watch the video above to understand just how difficult the US makes it to build infrastructure like California’s high-speed rail line. Chapters: California’s plan: 00:00 Local control: 1:48 Federal funding: 3:45 Lawsuits: 5:09 The experience gap: 6:37 Further reading and sources: You can find more of Ethan Elkind’s high-speed rail research and analysis here: https://www.ethanelkind.com/category/high-speed-rail/ And we highly recommend reading Ralph Vartabedian and Tim Sheehan’s reporting to learn more about how this project has affected communities on the ground: https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2021-10-29/california-bullet-train-impacts-disadvantaged-communities-san-joaquin-valley https://www.fresnobee.com/news/local/high-speed-rail/article260855207.html The California-High Speed Rail Authority’s 2022 business plan was a key source for mapping the routes in this video: https://hsr.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/2022-Business-Plan-FINAL-A11Y.pdf Older business plans, like this one from 2005, helped us understand which alternate routes were being considered before the 2008 vote: https://hsr.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/docs/programs/eir-eis/State_Wide_EIR_EIS_Volume_1_Part_1_of_3.pdf This is the 2015 CEQA lawsuit report we refer to in the video: https://issuu.com/hollandknight/docs/ceqa_litigation_abuseissuu?e=16627326/14197714 Overall infrastructure spending in the US is an important part of this story, and the Peter G. Peterson Foundation had a lot of helpful resources. The video uses data from this report in charts on state and federal spending: https://www.pgpf.org/blog/2020/06/state-and-local-infrastructure-spending-a-closer-look Exactly how much the federal government ended up spending on this project and when can be hard to pin down, but funding agreement documents like the ones below are publicly available and very useful: https://hsr.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/docs/about/funding_finance/funding_agreements/HSRFRA_CooperativeGrantAgreement_Amendment6_051816_Redacted.pdf https://hsr.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/docs/about/funding_finance/funding_agreements/Executed_FY10_Amendment_1.pdf We also found this funding timeline from the Eno Center for Transportation extremely helpful in understanding the funding and cost projections related to CAHSR: https://www.enotrans.org/article/timeline-california-high-speed-rail-cost-estimates/ A key part of this story is understanding how far behind its peers the US is in building high-speed rail. This fact sheet on global HSR from the Environmental and Energy Study Institute offers valuable insights on that: https://www.eesi.org/papers/view/fact-sheet-high-speed-rail-development-worldwide And this 2013 report from the California Rail Foundation helped us understand some of the political compromises made in the planning of this project: http://calrailfoundation.org/HSR_files/crn713webcen2.pdf Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1404 - Humans finally figured out how to make it rain

3 août 2022

Cloud seeding, explained. We flew up to see it with our own eyes. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO For decades, drought-stricken areas around the world have practiced “cloud seeding,” a process where chemical flares full of silver iodide are shot into clouds to encourage them to rain. But until recently, the science didn’t quite back this practice up. In large part, that’s because operational cloud seeding programs don’t have the luxury of conducting controlled tests — they have an obligation to produce as much rain as possible for the people living under the clouds they seed. But there’s been a new breakthrough. In 2017, a major cloud seeding experiment in the mountains of Idaho showed that cloud seeding works; shooting chemical flares into the sky does produce more precipitation. As the world faces an increasing number of heat waves and droughts, banking water is becoming more and more important. And while we don’t know exactly how life-changing cloud seeding will turn out to be, we do know it has the potential to be a tool in our arsenal in the long battle against worsening droughts. To understand how cloud seeding works and what it’s already doing in Texas, watch this video and take a trip up to the clouds to see it yourself. The Future Perfect team at Vox explores big problems and the big ideas that can tackle them. Read more here: https://www.vox.com/future-perfect This video was made possible by a grant from the BEMC Foundation. Sources and further reading: To get a deeper understanding of droughts in all their complexity, how they interact with the water cycle, and how climate change makes them worse, check out NRDC’s guide: https://www.nrdc.org/stories/drought-everything-you-need-know To understand how tree-ring data and modern data are combined to get a better understanding of droughts over the last thousand years, check out this report: https://newsroom.ucla.edu/releases/megadrought-southwestern-north-america To keep track of the many, severe droughts across the US, you can use the US Drought Monitor: https://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/CurrentMap/StateDroughtMonitor.aspx?west To read about Texas’s state climate summary for 2022, click on this link: https://statesummaries.ncics.org/chapter/tx/#:~:text=Temperatures%20in%20Texas%20have%20risen,increases%20in%20extreme%20heat%20events. To explore how Texas temperatures have changed over time, check out NOAA’s data here: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/monitoring/climate-at-a-glance/statewide/time-series/41/tavg/ann/6/1895-2022?base_prd=true&begbaseyear=1901&endbaseyear=2000 You can check out the results of the game-changing experiment that verified cloud seeding works here: https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1917204117#sec-3 To read more about the United Nation’s predictions for droughts and water shortages, check out their report here: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2022/05/drought-2050-un-report-climate-change/ Make sure you never miss behind-the-scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1405 - The fall (and rise?) of unions in the US

9 août 2022

We answered a viewer’s question about the decline of unionization. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO ? If the news feels chaotic to you these days, you're not alone. We want to answer your biggest questions about what's happening in the world today via our new video format: https://forms.gle/Mgp2oqa3gr8tNw1M7 ? “How come we’ve seen such a decline in unionization in the US?” That’s the question we received from one of our viewers, Cameron when we put out a call for topics to explain. It comes at an interesting time. Earlier this year, the Amazon Labor Union won its first election at a large warehouse in New York, and more than 200 Starbucks locations have voted to unionize since baristas in Buffalo broke the seal in December 2021. The National Labor Relations Board reports that petitions for union elections are up 56 percent this year compared to 2021. This level of energy and momentum in the labor movement is remarkable in light of the long, steep decline in union membership rates since the 1950s. Social science has limited tools for establishing what caused that decline, and different experts tend to emphasize different factors. But in the video above, we dig into a few key drivers of low union density in the US relative to other wealthy countries. Sources: Barry Eidlin, Labor and the Class Idea in the United States and Canada https://barryeidlin.org/theclassidea/ Nelson Lichtenstein, State of the Union https://press.princeton.edu/books/paperback/9780691160276/state-of-the-union Zachary Schaller, “Decomposing the Decline of Unions: Revisiting Sectoral and Regional Shifts” https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/00197939221101555?journalCode=ilra& OECD, “Collective bargaining systems and workers’ voice arrangements in OECD countries” https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/sites/a6ebacb7-en/index.html?itemId=/content/component/a6ebacb7-en Barry T. Hirsch and David A. Macpherson https://unionstats.com/ Bloomberg Law https://news.bloomberglaw.com/daily-labor-report/punching-in-pandemic-union-election-surge-hits-trump-era-rules-28 https://news.bloomberglaw.com/bloomberg-law-analysis/analysis-how-long-does-it-take-unions-to-reach-first-contracts Economic Policy Institute https://www.epi.org/unequalpower/publications/private-sector-unions-corporate-legal-erosion/ Gallup https://news.gallup.com/poll/12751/labor-unions.aspx Thomas Kochan et al “Worker Voice in America: Is There a Gap between What Workers Expect and What They Experience?” https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0019793918806250 Alejandro Reuss, “What’s Behind Union Decline in the United States?” https://dollarsandsense.org/archives/2011/0311reuss2.html Henry Farber, Bruce Western, Accounting for the Decline of Unions in the Private Sector, 1973-1998, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12122-001-1017-8 G. William Domhoff, “The Rise and Fall of Labor Unions In The U.S.” https://whorulesamerica.ucsc.edu/power/history_of_labor_unions.html Michael Goldfield and Amy Bromsen, “The Changing Landscape of US Unions in Historical and Theoretical Perspective” https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev-polisci-032211-214003 Make sure you never miss behind-the-scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1406 - How US corporations poisoned this Indigenous community

16 août 2022

Invisible chemicals changed the Mohawk way of life. They’re probably in you, too. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO In the 1950s, the US and Canada embarked on a massive project to widen the St. Lawrence River, transforming the region to facilitate commerce, attract industry, and boost both nations’ economies. But there was a third nation in the region whose people were not consulted, and whose lifestyle was completely transformed by the project: the Mohawk of Akwesasne. The St. Lawrence River has been central to Mohawk culture in the region for thousands of years. The river’s fish form the central part of their diet. But for the Mohawk, the fish aren’t a “resource” to be used. They’re an equal partner in a relationship in which both humans and wildlife have sacred responsibilities to one another. These relationships are central to the Mohawk worldview, and they mirror similar ways of understanding the natural world in other Indigenous communities. But the bid to lure industry to the region worked. Two major manufacturers built factories close to Akwesasne, and by the 1980s, the Mohawk learned that General Motors and Reynolds Metal had been poisoning the river for decades with cancer-causing chemicals called PCBs. Fish in the river were found to have extremely dangerous levels of PCBs. It presented the community with a devastating choice: continue to fish and risk health problems like cancer and thyroid disorders, or stop fishing and lose the connection with the river, and with their ancestors. Sources and further reading: The Akwesasne Task Force on the Environment: https://sites.google.com/site/atfeonline/about-akwesasne (need to confirm) Reporting from the 1980s on the environmental situation in Akwesasne: https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1988-01-24-mn-37912-story.html Winona LaDuke (1999): “Akwesasne: Mohawk Mothers’ Milk and PCBs,” All Our Relations: Native Struggles for Land and Life (South End Press) Gerald Markowitz and David Rosner: “Monsanto, PCBs, and the creation of a ‘worldwide ecological problem,’” Journal of Public Health Policy (2018) 39:463-540 Elizabeth Hoover (2013): “Cultural and health implications of fish advisories in a Native American community,” Ecological Processes 2:4 The full statement we received from Alcoa, owner of Reynolds Metals, is as follows: “Today, Reynolds Metals Company and the U.S. EPA continue to monitor the various remediation solutions related to the St. Lawrence River and the historical operations from Reynolds Metals Company near Massena. The remediation work was designed in 2000, after public input and consultation, to protect human health and the environment. The work included dredging and capping portions of the river. “In 2021, the U.S. EPA completed its fourth, five-year review of the remediation project. EPA confirmed that the remediation work is effective and that it continues to protect human health and the environment. “Alcoa Inc., the former parent company to Alcoa Corporation, acquired Reynolds Metals in 2000. In November of 2016, Alcoa Inc. separated into two companies, Arconic Inc. and Alcoa Corporation, and Reynolds was assigned to Alcoa Corporation.” Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1407 - How “dementia villages” work

18 août 2022

Can miniature towns make dementia care more humane? Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO On any given day at the Hogeweyk, you can see locals wandering the streets, going out for coffee, folding laundry, and tending gardens, all surrounded by lush outdoor space. Located in Weesp, a Dutch city just outside Amsterdam, the Hogeweyk is a planned village intentionally designed for one purpose: maximizing quality of life for its 180 residents — all of whom have severe dementia. Inside, nurses and doctors don’t wear uniforms, meals are cooked inside the home with groceries from the village grocery store, and other Weesp residents are free to dine at the on-site restaurant. These design choices aim to deinstitutionalize senior living, blurring the line between what typically happens in front of residents and what happens out of sight. The style of care that this facility pioneered has been nicknamed the “dementia village,” and it’s been emulated across the world. It’s architecturally organized around choice; by giving residents a high level of freedom, its designers hope to minimize issues associated with dementia like aggression, confusion, and wandering. Read more about The Hogeweyk here: http://www.bethecareconcept.com Special thanks to Max Winters and Perkins Eastman Make sure you never miss behind-the-scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1408 - This giant laser can simulate a planet’s core

26 août 2022

How do you study the innards of alien worlds? You just need the world’s largest laser. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO As astronomers search for life outside our solar system, they have to try and answer one big question: What’s the recipe for a habitable planet? We tend to think about the ingredients we encounter every day: liquid water, the protective blanket of the atmosphere, a sun that is neither too warm nor too hot. But there are other factors that are probably equally important: Earth’s cooled and hardened crust, its gooey molten guts, its magnetic field, its volcanoes and deep sea vents. These are the features that fostered life as we know it – they were shaped by unseen processes hidden deep within the globe. In short, if we want to learn how life could arise on other planets, we need to know what’s going on under the hood. But that’s easier said than done. As you drill down into a planet, temperatures and pressures quickly rise. Scientists and their tools wouldn’t survive a few dozen miles down, let alone a few thousand. So how can they study the insides of planets? Enter NIF and OMEGA – by some measure, the two largest lasers in the world. They inhabit large warehouse-style buildings, and focus scores of intense laser beams onto the head of a pin. When facilities like these were first imagined, the goal was to create nuclear fusion – but planetary scientists quickly realized they could be used to investigate matter under core-like conditions. The last decade has seen a flood of experiments - and the results have been bizarre. Nickel, a metal that conducts electricity, turns into an insulator. Water forms a hot, conductive ice. Hydrogen becomes a metallic fluid. Sodium, normally a shiny opaque metal, goes completely clear. These startling insights are helping scientists understand how planets form, and how they might evolve to support life. Presented by the Center for Matter at Atomic Pressures (CMAP) at the University of Rochester, a National Science Foundation (NSF) Physics Frontier Center, Award PHY-2020249 https://www.rochester.edu/cmap Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the National Science Foundation. Further reading: The Materials Scientist Who Studies the Innards of Exoplanets https://www.quantamagazine.org/federica-coppari-uses-a-giant-laser-to-look-inside-exoplanets-20210615/ Tanja Kovačević’s 2022 study of rock and ice mixing inside exoplanets: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-16816-w Rick Kraus’s 2022 study of iron inside Super Earths: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abm1472 What’s Happening In The Depths Of Distant Worlds? https://epl.carnegiescience.edu/news/what%E2%80%99s-happening-depths-distant-worlds Everything you always wanted to know about metallic hydrogen but were afraid to ask https://aip.scitation.org/doi/full/10.1063/5.0002104 NIF scientists observe metallic hydrogen https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aat0970 OMEGA research on sodium under extreme pressures https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-29813-4 OMEGA research on Jupiter’s hydrogen oceans https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03516-0 Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1409 - Why I'm obsessed with these cheap paintings of Paris

29 août 2022

Did this French painter ever exist? Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Henry Rogers' French impressionist paintings of Paris street scenes seem to only exist in online auctions and yard sales. The mystery of his identity deepens when you take a closer look at his art, and notice that his signature changes from painting to painting – sometimes it’s spelled “Henry” and sometimes the French “Henri.” For years, the only place anyone could learn more about Rogers was on a blog called living-in-the-past.com — a site where one man documented his curiosities and passion projects, dating back to the ’90s. The author of this site, Philip Lord, became obsessed with gathering information about Rogers but found nothing in his early online searches. So he started researching himself by analyzing dozens of Rogers’ paintings, many of them seeming to show the same street in Paris from varying perspectives. He wanted to figure out if “Henry Rogers” was a lone street painter in Paris, or in fact a workshop of painters trained to create similar-looking paintings and sign them under a pseudonym. Lord gave up the search in 2011. In 2022, we picked up the puzzle and tried a few new avenues of inquiry. An actual Paris street painter told us that Rogers’ “impression” of Paris was imaginary. We visited a lab in Cleveland, Ohio, that uses artificial intelligence and detailed scans of paintings to distinguish the fingerprints of individual artists. They suggested that Henry Rogers is in fact multiple artists creating similar paintings. Further reading: Philip Lord’s original investigation into Henry Rogers paintings: https://living-in-the-past.com/Henry.rogers.html Case Western Reserve University’s MORE Center: http://morecenter.case.edu/ Different strokes: Using artificial intelligence to tell art apart: https://thedaily.case.edu/different-strokes-using-artificial-intelligence-to-tell-art-apart/ Jerome Feuguer’s art: https://www.jeromefeugueur.com/ Make sure you never miss behind-the-scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1410 - How your TV settings ruin movies

31 août 2022

Your TV is ruining your TV. Make it stop. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Your TV finds lots of ways to adjust your picture. You might not want any of them. Motion smoothing, sharpening, brightness, contrast, and saturation are all adjustments that your television makes to your picture. These can differ wildly from what filmmakers intend and, sometimes, that’s a nightmare. As the above video shows, these adjustments are subtle but significant, especially when viewed alongside the original image. Fortunately, there is a solution — TV manufacturers have begun adopting new modes like “Filmmaker Mode,” which largely remove television tweaks to an image. Further reading: https://alliance.experienceuhd.com/ You can learn more about what the UHD Alliance is and what it does here. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MPk_FuQrL00 Filmmakers prefer you turn off TV tweaks, as in this PSA by Dune director Denis Villeneuve. https://www.change.org/p/hdtv-manufacturers-please-stop-making-smooth-motion-the-default-setting-on-all-hdtvs Once the 4K TV revolution began, cinematographer and director Reed Morano led the charge against TV tweaks using this petition on Change.org. Make sure you never miss behind-the-scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1411 - Why beavers matter as the planet heats up

1 septembre 2022

Beaver dams are cool(ing the air). Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO If you know anything about beavers, it’s probably that they build dams. These giant structures made of sticks, stones, and mud can reach heights up to 10 feet (3 meters) and lengths averaging 20 feet (6 meters) — though the biggest one ever found was significantly larger and could be seen from space. Dams completely alter the surrounding landscape, flooding the surrounding area and creating wetlands. It’s one reason beavers have often been considered pests that can cause serious damage when they build dams too close to homes or roads. But scientists have also understood beavers’ importance as “ecosystem engineers” for decades. And as the climate crisis continues to worsen, newer studies are finding that beavers play a vital role in dampening its effects — especially in areas prone to fire, drought, and even heat waves. To build a more resilient future, it might be best to look to the beavers. Check out the video above to learn more, and read the related article by Benji Jones on Vox.com: https://www.vox.com/down-to-earth/23273240/heat-wave-beavers-climate-change Note: this video's thumbnail has been updated since its original publication. You can find Emily’s study on how beaver dams create fire breaks here: https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/eap.2225 For more about the work that Emily does (and the miraculous work of beavers), check out her website: https://emilyfairfaxscience.com/research/ For more on how beaver dams reduce stream temperature and increase groundwater storage: https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ecs2.4168 Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1412 - The real reason Egypt is moving its capital

7 septembre 2022

Cairo isn’t the problem. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO In 2017, Egypt’s government announced it would build a new capital city 45 kilometers outside of Cairo, the current capital. It was a shocking announcement since Cairo, a city of more than 10,000,000 people, has been the capital of Egypt for decades. The government claims that Cairo has become too overcrowded and that moving the capital will give both Cairo’s residents and government workers more space. But this excuse is not new. For decades, Egypt’s rulers have been building brand new cities in the desert. None of them have solved Cairo’s density issue. And based on how construction is going, this new capital won’t be a solution either. So why does Egypt want a new capital? Well, it has a lot to do with the political revolution in 2011. Watch this episode of Vox Atlas to understand the real reason behind Egypt’s giant new capital city. Sources: Mohamed Elshahed’s extensive expertise on architectural history and urbanism helped us understand why creating new cities and communities doesn’t actually improve livelihoods in Cairo: Nasr City was once Egypt’s new capital, but things went wrong: https://cairobserver.com/post/114391196879/nasr-city-was-once-egypts-new-capital-but-things#.YxdfIezMLUY Revolutionary Modernism? Architecture and the Politics of Transition in Egypt 1936-1967: https://www.proquest.com/openview/e199f143de3d7dc0a53ea314215fb58a/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y For historical maps of Cairo, we mainly relied on these three books: Understanding Cairo: The Logic of a City Out of Control by David Sims https://books.google.com/books/about/Understanding_Cairo.html?id=_9gKRQAACAAJ Egypt’s Desert Dreams: Development or Disaster by David Sims https://books.google.com/books/about/Egypt_s_Desert_Dreams.html?id=QauFoAEACAAJ Cairo by André Raymond https://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674009967 We used this report by LSE cities to compare densities between major cities at 1:52: https://lsecities.net/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Final-Developing-Urban-Futures-Urban-Age-conference-newspaper.pdf For the map at 5:05, we used an updated informal cities map created by Ahmed Zaazaa, a researcher and urban designer. For the demolitions and displacement locations, we used press clippings from Egypt Today and maps from the Cairo 2050 plan. Not all locations are shown. https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/Search?title=slums https://cairofrombelow.files.wordpress.com/2011/08/cairo-2050-vision-v-2009-gopp-12-mb.pdf These three links helped us create the diagram at 6:42 that shows the population target gaps in Greater Cairo’s new cities: The Built Environment Observatory: http://marsadomran.info/en/facts_budgets/2016/11/485/ City Population: https://www.citypopulation.de/en/egypt/cities/ Egypt census data: https://egypt.opendataforafrica.org/tadpaqg These two pieces helped guide the direction of our video: The Sinister Side of Sisi’s Urban Development by Maged Mandour https://carnegieendowment.org/sada/84504 Why is Egypt building a new capital by Mustafa Menshaway https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2021/7/5/why-is-egypt-building-a-new-capital And a special thanks to the many others based in Cairo who helped us research for this video. Unfortunately, their names could not be listed due to safety concerns. Make sure you never miss behind-the-scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1413 - How "Spider-Verse" forced animation to evolve

10 septembre 2022

Non-photorealistic rendering has opened up an alternative to the ubiquitous “Pixar look.” Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO When you think of CGI animated films, you likely think of Pixar. The studio practically invented the genre with 1995’s Toy Story — the first CGI animated feature film. After Toy Story, almost all animation studios wanted to follow in Pixar’s successful footsteps, straight down to their style. Many studios sought out “The Pixar Look”: extremely high quality, physically based, and in some cases almost photorealistic. It’s an appealing approach that remains popular at the box office — but animated movies started looking kind of homogeneous. And while studios and independent artists tested out more stylized approaches in short films, no studio would commit to a feature-length animated movie that looked so different. That is, until Sony Pictures/Imageworks took on Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse. Instead of chasing the look everyone was after, the team wanted to create something visually new. They did it with “non-photorealistic rendering.” And since Spider-Verse, non-photorealism has taken off, with almost every studio set to incorporate it in the next five years. Check out our video to learn more about how non-photorealism works. Note: A version of this was previously published with a spelling error. The error has since been corrected. Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1414 - How Ukraine got the upper hand against Russia

16 septembre 2022

Ukraine’s breakthrough counterattack, explained. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO In the spring and summer of 2022, the war between Ukraine and Russia settled into a stalemate. The first phase of the war had been a rapid invasion that drew new battle lines across Ukraine; this next phase saw those battle lines harden and change very little over a long period of fighting. But in September, that chapter came to an end. For the first time in several months, Ukraine scored a major victory and won back significant territory from Russia. Ukraine pulled this victory off by taking advantage of a surprising weakness in the Russian army: the difficulty it’s had maintaining its ranks of skilled soldiers, especially compared to the training and resources that Ukraine’s army has received from its allies. Reports suggest that Russia’s army has suffered catastrophic losses in the war, and that it’s attempted to replace those more highly trained forces with large numbers of mercenaries, prisoners, and men over 40. It’s an army that was stretched thin and vulnerable to the multi-pronged attack Ukraine launched in September. Russia still controls a large amount of territory in southern Ukraine, including two major cities. But Ukraine’s victory outside of Kharkiv signals a new chapter in the war — one where, remarkably, Ukraine seems to have a shot at driving out the Russians completely. Watch the video to learn more about why this attack worked and why it matters so much. Some sources we drew on for the video: For day-by-day updates and maps on the Russian invasion of Ukraine we relied heavily on the Institute for the Study of War’s Ukraine Project: https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-september-15 We also found this interactive map by Neue Zürcher Zeitung very helpful: https://www.nzz.ch/english/interactive-map-how-the-ukraine-war-is-developing-day-by-day-ld.1688087 And this tracker from the New York Times helped us understand how the offensive started: https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2022/world/europe/ukraine-maps.html Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1415 - Why Queen Elizabeth II was the queen of 15 countries

24 septembre 2022

The Commonwealth, explained. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO After centuries of colonizing much of the world, the British Empire began its fast descent in the 1960s amid a global wave of independence movements. But when Queen Elizabeth II died in 2022, she was not only still queen of 14 countries besides the United Kingdom, she was also still the leader of an organization that on a map looks a lot like the British Empire. The British Empire created the first iteration of the Commonwealth to appease white settler colonies looking for more autonomy. It granted them more independence to govern themselves but kept them under the crown. As British leaders realized their power might be at risk throughout their colonies worldwide, the monarchy made a play to keep ties and preserve their global influence by allowing newly independent republics to join the Commonwealth too. The only catch: They had to accept the queen as the leader of the organization. With the death of Queen Elizabeth II, this vestige of the British Empire is now under the leadership of King Charles III. So, what exactly is the Commonwealth? Why is it still here? And will it survive? Correction: A previous version of this video mistakenly showed Myanmar as a member of the Commonwealth on a 1994 map, mislabeled Sierra Leone and Gold Coast for a brief moment on a 1927 map, and omitted Greenland, all of which have now been corrected. We have also clarified that India became a republic shortly after independence with a new line of narration at 3:12; corrected Queen Elizabeth II’s title at 00:16 and 00:47; and updated the date Barbados became a republic from November 29, 2021, to November 30, 2021. Sources: Read about Barbados shedding the queen and becoming a republic: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-59470843 To learn more about the sugar plantations under the British Empire check out this project: https://runaways.gla.ac.uk/minecraft/index.php/slaves-work-on-sugar-plantations/#:~:text=English%20planters%20first%20began%20growing,and%20Mississippi%20in%20North%20America. To understand 20th-century Britain and the rise of independence movements, check out “The Impact of the Second World War on the Decolonization of Africa”: https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1048&context=africana_studies_conf To take a deeper look at how the monarchy started using its image and the media to stay relevant and survive in a changing world, check out Ed Owens’ book: https://www.academia.edu/40806538/The_Family_Firm_Monarchy_Mass_Media_and_the_British_Public_1932_53 To understand the role of the Commonwealth today, check out this op-ed by Philip Murray, director of the Institute of Commonwealth Studies: https://www.theafricareport.com/71058/the-commonwealth-why-does-it-exist-and-does-it-help-its-members/ For a deeper look at royalty in general and the British Royal family in particular, watch our episode of Royalty, Explained on Netflix: https://www.netflix.com/watch/81273753?trackId=255824129 Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1416 - Who's really using up the water in the American West?

26 septembre 2022

Hint: water scarcity in the Western US has more to do with our diets than our lawns. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO The Western United States is currently battling the most severe drought in thousands of years. A mix of bad water management policies and manmade climate change has created a situation where water supplies in Western reservoirs are so low, states are being forced to cut their water use. It’s not hard to find media coverage that focuses on the excesses of residential water use: long showers, swimming pools, lawn watering, at-home car washes. Or in the business sector, like irrigating golf courses or pumping water into hotel fountains in Las Vegas. But when a team of researchers looked at water use in the West, they uncovered a very different story about where most Western water goes. Their findings may hold the solution to dwindling water supplies in the West. Check out the video above to learn more, and take a look at the study that this story is centered on: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/323061602.pdf Lead study author Brian Richter wrote this post on common misconceptions about water scarcity: https://www.sustainablewaters.org/hey-reporters-lets-get-this-story-straight/ For Vox coverage on water management policies on the Colorado River, which we weren’t able to cover in this story: https://www.vox.com/2022/9/23/23357093/colorado-river-drought-cuts For coverage on just how bad the current drought is: https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/14/climate/western-drought-megadrought.html For more coverage of the rotational fallowing program in the Palo Verde district in California: https://www.latimes.com/environment/story/2021-10-10/colorado-river-california-farmers-dry-fields-fallow-drought Check out Our World in Data for data on meat and dairy production and consumption across the world: https://ourworldindata.org/meat-production Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1417 - What it’s like to work in the world’s greatest office

28 septembre 2022

The SC Johnson administrative building was Frank Lloyd Wright’s corporate masterpiece. What does it feel like? Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO SC Johnson’s Administrative Building and Research Tower in Racine, Wisconsin, have become legendary as corporate headquarters buildings. The Administrative Building’s Great Workroom is a stunning example of architect Frank Lloyd Wright’s unique approach to office design. But what did it really feel like? Vox’s Phil Edwards visited the HQ to find out — and try actually working there. He also visited the Hardy House, an earlier Wright design that features many of the same Wright signatures found in the SC Johnson building, from custom designed furniture to ideas about compression and expansion. Watch the video to see what it really feels like to work in such a space. Further Reading: https://www.amazon.com/Frank-Lloyd-Wright-Johnson-Buildings/dp/048642748X Jonathan Lipman’s book about Sc Johnson is one of the best-sourced and most comprehensive books about the building’s history. https://www.amazon.com/Frank-Lloyd-Wrights-Hardy-House/dp/0764937618 Mark Hertzberg’s exhaustive knowledge of the Hardy House — and his experiencing photographing it — is evident in his book about the building. His blog, Wright in Racine (https://wrightinracine.wordpress.com/) also has great facts and stories about Wright’s work. https://www.scjohnson.com/en/interacting-with-sc-johnson/tours-and-architecture/tours-and-films/youre-always-welcome-for-tours SC Johnson provides free tours of the Administrative Building as well as of Wingspread, a nearby home that Wright also designed. Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1418 - Why Americans want these insects dead

5 octobre 2022

Can we actually kill all the spotted lanternflies? Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Over the summer, for the first time in what feels like a while, Americans united under a single cause: to murder an invasive bug. Okay, that’s a bit dramatic, but the situation itself was a bit dramatic. Social media was flooded with people in New York City, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey striking down spotted lanternflies in the most creative ways. Videos of the plant-sucking bugs that are native to parts of Asia showed them overtaking trees. Reports from Pennsylvania said they were capable of wiping out vineyards. Researchers warned they also threaten fruit trees and the hardwoods like black walnut. The public went on high alert. The messaging was clear: Stop this bug before it decimates the fruit and timber industries and costs the US tons of money. People struck them down all summer long, and now that it’s fall … well, they’re still here. And they’ve spread. Is it futile? That depends. If you set out with your flyswatters and sticky traps thinking we could wipe out every lanternfly, then you were a bit misguided. But just because we can’t stop them entirely doesn’t mean we should quit. Kristie Reddick, an entomologist and director of The Bug Chicks, put it best: “People cleaning trash out of creeks aren't going to be like, ‘Oh, I picked up, like, three bags of trash and there's still more trash. I guess there's just trash now.’” Spotted lanternflies are the trash in this metaphor. Check out the video above to find out more about spotted lanternflies and the part humans have played in spreading them around the US. Read more from Benji Jones on Vox.com: https://www.vox.com/science-and-health/2022/9/16/23353428/spotted-lanternfly-invasive-species For more on where these bugs are: https://datastudio.google.com/u/0/reporting/b0bae43d-c65f-4f88-bc9a-323f3189cd35/page/QUCkC For more information on lanternflies and their life cycle: https://extension.psu.edu/spotted-lanternfly https://extension.psu.edu/have-you-seen-a-spotted-lanternfly https://nysipm.cornell.edu/environment/invasive-species-exotic-pests/spotted-lanternfly/ https://nysipm.cornell.edu/environment/invasive-species-exotic-pests/spotted-lanternfly/spotted-lanternfly-resources/ https://www.aphis.usda.gov/aphis/resources/pests-diseases/hungry-pests/the-threat/spotted-lanternfly/spotted-lanternfly For more on the economic impact: https://extension.psu.edu/scientists-examine-potential-economic-impact-of-spotted-lanternfly-in-pennsylvania For more on Kristie and Jessica, check out their website: https://thebugchicks.com/ Make sure you never miss behind-the-scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1421 - How do we fix the zoo?

20 octobre 2022

Do the benefits of zoos justify the fact that some animals are clearly stressed out? Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Many of us have fond memories of visiting the zoo as a child (or at any age), and more than a few of us probably credit those visits with turning us into animal-lovers. So, how should we square those warm fuzzy feelings with research that shows the psychological harms of captivity for some animals? That’s what Vox subscriber Gaurav Patil wanted to know, so producer Liz Scheltens started digging in. One way that zoos maintain their social license to operate despite our growing understanding of the harms to certain species is by marketing themselves as beacons of conservation. Proponents argue that not only do zoos help preserve endangered wild populations, they also help make humans better conservationists. But when you look at the research, a different picture starts to emerge. Check out the video above to learn more. Note: The headline on this piece has been updated. Previous headline: Are zoos... bad? To submit your on-video question like Gaurav’s follow this link to our submissions form: https://forms.gle/ATu6kYgKNaEXSr3UA Thanks so much to Gaurav for his thoughtful question. Check out his YouTube channel, ECOnnect for videos about humans and nature: https://www.youtube.com/c/ECOnnectYouTube An excerpt from writer Emma Marris’ book Wild Souls was published in the New York Times Magazine: https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/11/opinion/zoos-animal-cruelty.html Conservation psychologist Susan Clayton and two of her colleagues wrote a response the excerpt of Emma’s book, you can read it here: https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/03/opinion/letters/zoos-animals.html Susan Clayton writes about the social benefits of zoos: https://humansandnature.org/learning-to-care-about-animal-conservation/ If you want to learn more about animal cognition, I highly recommend Frans De Waal’s book Are We Smart Enough to Know how Smart Animals are? https://wwnorton.com/books/Are-We-Smart-Enough-to-Know-How-Smart-Animals-Are/ The idea of the “circle of empathy” comes from philosopher Peter Singer, who uses the slightly more academic, “circle of moral concern” to describe the same phenomenon in his book The Expanding Circle: Ethics, Evolution, and Moral Progress: https://press.princeton.edu/books/paperback/9780691150697/the-expanding-circle Research from the World Association of Zoos and Aquariums on zoo visitor’s self-reported actions to save animals species: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/266444881_A_Global_Evaluation_of_Biodiversity_Literacy_in_Zoo_and_Aquarium_Visitors Check out the saga of Happy, an elephant at the Bronx Zoo whose legal team is attempting to have her moved to an elephant sanctuary on the grounds that her captivity violates the legal right not to be detained without cause: https://time.com/6107549/happy-elephant-lawsuit-bronx-zoo/ Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1422 - Why this instrument explains Black American folk music

21 octobre 2022

Jake Blount, a banjo scholar, explains. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Jake Blount has built a career out of understanding the banjo’s connection to Black American folk music. In this video, he walks us through the instrument’s history — from West Africa to enslaved people in the US to the early record industry — to explain how Black folk music has evolved. For example: The early record industry confined Black musicians to “race records” and white musicians to “hillbilly records.” Hillbilly music would have been early country and string band music. Race records restricted Black musicians to blues and jazz genres. Which meant Black musicians playing bluegrass-style banjo weren’t recorded — even if they were responsible for teaching white musicians. Using field recordings, their own banjo and fiddle skills, and a deconstructed version of one of their own songs, Jake explains how Black musicians have long been left out of the current canon of folklore recordings and American folk music history. And what he’s doing to keep the tradition alive, with fresh observations and a musical style that looks both forward and backward. This video was filmed on location at Hancock Shaker Village in Pittsfield, Massachusetts. Listen to Jake Blount’s music and find his album The New Faith, here: https://jakeblount.com/ Jake’s website also lists resources for Black string band music. You can find free online resources, discover contemporary black artists, and listen to source recordings here: https://jakeblount.com/black-stringband-resources Gribble, M., Lusk, J., York, A. “Altamont” Black Stringband Music from the Library of Congress Blount, J. “Once There Was No Sun” The New Faith Jones, B. “Once There Was No Sun” Smithsonian Music, “Roots of African American Music” https://music.si.edu/spotlight/african-american-music/roots-of-african-american-music Smithsonian Music, “Banjos” https://music.si.edu/spotlight/banjos-smithsonian PBS, “Blackface Minstrelsy” https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/foster-blackface-minstrelsy/ Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1423 - Brazil’s Lula da Silva, explained

25 octobre 2022

Lula da Silva wants to be president for a second time. But Brazil has changed. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO On October 2, 2022, Brazilians voted in the first round of their presidential election. The top two finishers were current president Jair Bolsonaro and former president Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva. Both candidates will face each other in a run-off on October 30. Lula is considered likely to win. Lula is arguably Brazil’s most well-known and complex politician. He helped form a powerful political party, had two successful terms in office, and even served jail time over corruption and bribery allegations. After four years of Bolsonaro’s presidency, the core of Lula’s campaign has focused on restoring the Brazil of his own presidency. But a lot has changed in Brazil since his time in office. Watch this video for a glance at Lula’s career and to understand why his second time as president would be very different than his first. Some sources that were helpful to us in researching this story: The Brazilian Report’s election coverage https://brazilian.report/ Lula and His Politics of Cunning by John French https://uncpress.org/book/9781469655765/lula-and-his-politics-of-cunning/ Nurturing Hope, Deepening Democracy, and Combating Inequalities in Brazil: Lula, the Workers' Party, and Dilma Rousseff's 2010 Election as President by John French and Alexandre Fortes https://read.dukeupress.edu/labor/article-abstract/9/1/7/28306/Nurturing-Hope-Deepening-Democracy-and-Combating?redirectedFrom=fulltext Lula’s Second Act by Giancarlo Summa https://www.dissentmagazine.org/online_articles/lulas-second-act Can Brazil Turn Back the Clock by Brian Winter https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/brazil/2022-06-21/brazil-turn-back-clock How Bolsonaro Might Win-Even If He Loses by Brian Winter https://www.foreignaffairs.com/brazil/how-bolsonaro-might-win-even-if-he-loses Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1424 - How to build a wood skyscraper

26 octobre 2022

Mass timber has gone from novelty to trend. But how does it change the construction process? Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Is there a way to replace steel and concrete with wood? That’s the idea behind mass timber — a relatively new construction technique that’s making its way from Europe to the United States. In the above video, you can learn how mass timber changes the construction process. Vox’s Phil Edwards visited Ascent Milwaukee, the tallest mass timber building in the world, to see how it all comes together. Many different partners have to reinvent the construction process to make a building like this a reality. Watch the video above to learn more. Further reading: Read Dave Robert’s coverage of mass timber, including the environmental implications. https://www.vox.com/energy-and-environment/2020/1/15/21058051/climate-change-building-materials-mass-timber-cross-laminated-clt Here’s some of the USDA coverage of mass timber tests. https://www.fs.usda.gov/research/treesearch/61076 https://www.fs.usda.gov/research/treesearch/62977 Here’s a map of US mass timber projects: https://www.woodworksinnovationnetwork.org/projects/?boundingBox%5BnorthEast%5D%5Blat%5D=53.975199732679016&boundingBox%5BnorthEast%5D%5Blng%5D=-74.18212890625&boundingBox%5BsouthWest%5D%5Blat%5D=26.066232843442364&boundingBox%5BsouthWest%5D%5Blng%5D=-125.81787109375&page=1 Make sure you never miss behind-the-scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1425 - Batteries are dirty. Geothermal power can help.

1 novembre 2022

A better future can’t just be green, it must also be fair. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Lithium-ion batteries are a transformative technology in the fight against climate change. Most notably, they power electric vehicles, which have the potential to replace emissions produced by road transportation. But there’s a problem. These batteries require nickel. And in Indonesia, where the majority of nickel is produced, the production process emits large amounts of carbon and pollution. It’s impacting the people who live by the production centers, who are registering an increase in respiratory illnesses. The US is essentially outsourcing carbon emissions and pollution in exchange for green energy. It doesn’t have to be this way. Indonesia sits along the Ring of Fire, one of the most geologically active regions in the world, making it an ideal place to produce geothermal energy. Geothermal energy taps into the heat beneath the ground mostly found in volcanic regions. To use the heat beneath the earth’s surface, we need to drill into the ground, draw up the hot water, and use it to turn turbines that produce electricity. After, the water is funneled back underground, making geothermal a mostly clean and renewable energy source. While the exploration and development process of geothermal energy can be expensive, Indonesia already has more than 30 active geothermal facilities. As the world’s need for lithium-ion batteries increases, Indonesia and the companies invested in the region have the opportunity to make their processes greener from start to finish — and protect the people that live next to nickel production centers. To understand the repercussions of nickel production in Indonesia and how geothermal energy could help fix the air pollution and emissions it produces, watch our video. The Future Perfect team at Vox explores big problems and the big ideas that can tackle them. Read more here: https://www.vox.com/future-perfect This video was made possible by a grant from the BEMC Foundation. Watch previous episodes of Future Perfect here: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ8cMiYb3G5dAchmwTsFnuMu3xgEkQ0ra Make sure you never miss behind-the-scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1426 - The 3 possible outcomes of the 2022 US election

3 novembre 2022

Why the Congressional midterm results matter so much. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO On January 6th, 2021 (yes, during the capitol riots) the final Senate race of the 2020 election was called for a Democrat. All of a sudden Democrats had achieved something improbable: trifecta control of the presidency, Senate, and House of Representatives. It transformed the possibilities for Biden’s first two years, giving his party the ability to legislate on their own - which they did. The trillion-dollar stimulus, the infrastructure bill, the climate investments of the Inflation Reduction Act — all of that was only possible because of unified Democratic control. But even under divided government, both houses of Congress will still wield an enormous amount of power over national affairs and policy. That’s why the 2022 election results aren't just a referendum on whether Democrats should keep Congress — they'll decide who gets power, how much they'll get, and how they’ll use it. And there are three ways it could all play out. Our buds at Vox.com also did this story in text form if you like reading! https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/23435135/2022-midterms-congress-republican-democrat For more reporting on the 2022 US midterm elections, read up here: https://bit.ly/3U3aGxB There are 9 races that could decide the Senate control. Georgia, Nevada, and Wisconsin are some of the closest contests in the country. Keep up with us here: https://bit.ly/3WoXOnd Chapters: 475 elections 00:00 1. What if Democrats keep both houses? 0:46 2. What if Republicans win the House of Representatives? 1:59 3. What if Republicans win the Senate? 4:26 Whose vote matters? 7:01 Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1432 - It’s not you - movies are getting darker.

9 novembre 2022

Blame technology for how often you can’t see anything in your favorite shows. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO There’s a trend in movies and TV that you’ve probably noticed: everything has gotten extremely dark, and for some audience members, too dark to even see. It comes down to both aesthetics and technology. The first one’s pretty simple: as popular content leans grittier and darker in tone (i.e. The Batman, Stranger Things, Game of Thrones etc) the visuals tend to reflect that. But productions have also moved from shooting on film to shooting with digital cameras - and the way scenes get lit has changed dramatically. Shooting on film meant that you couldn’t see the final product until everything was developed. Under those limitations, it made more sense to flood dark scenes with light to ensure the footage would be usable. With digital cameras and digital monitors, it’s easy to see what the final product will look like — and that can embolden a cinematographer to film scenes darker and darker. But how dark is too dark? And how do filmmakers ensure that their vision gets accurately represented on the screen you’re watching it on? Check out this Vox video to find out. Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1433 - America's deadliest road, explained

10 novembre 2022

US road design favors speed over pedestrian safety. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Most American roads aren’t just unpleasant for pedestrians, they can be dangerous. Pedestrian fatalities have been rising in the past few years, and urban planners point to the way roads are designed as the culprit. A group of urban planners identified 60 pedestrian fatality hot spots throughout the US, and a 1,000-meter corridor of US-19 in New Port Richey, Florida, topped their list. Seventeen pedestrians lost their lives along this short stretch of road in the study period of 2001 to 2016. The fatality hot spots on the study’s list shared a lot of design characteristics. Many of them are arterial thoroughfares: roads historically built to keep high-speed traffic off of nearby residential streets. But the way US communities developed in a sprawling fashion along these roads meant these roadways also became business centers that pedestrians might need to access. The number of lanes and distances between crosswalks are among other dangerous design elements. For this video, we went to New Port Richey to walk along US-19 and document the design characteristics identified in the study. -- Correction - A previous version of this video featured an interview that spoke to a memorial at Main Street and US-19. Locals from the New Port Richey area brought to our attention that the interview misrepresented the memorial, which honors a young man who was killed during an accident between two cars, not a bicycle as stated in the interview. Our sincere apologies for including the misrepresentation of the victim's story. We have edited the video to correct that error. This is a link to a GoFundMe for the victim's family which includes more details about the incident: https://www.gofundme.com/f/qe5jkz-funeral-expenses-for-logan-blakley -- This video is an adaptation of Vox.com reporter Marin Cogan’s investigation of US-19: https://www.vox.com/23178764/florida-us19-deadliest-pedestrian-fatality-crisis Local journalists have credited Marin’s reporting for pressuring local officials to follow through on planned improvements to US-19: https://www.tampabay.com/news/pasco/2022/09/26/deadliest-road-pasco-county-getting-millions-safety-upgrades/ The pedestrian fatality study this story is based on is below: https://www.jtlu.org/index.php/jtlu/article/view/1825 A source for this story was Eric Dumbaugh, who authored a study on arterial roads: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01944360902950349 Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1436 - Why so many "election deniers" lost in 2022

18 novembre 2022

The everyday people who beat back the assault on democracy (for now). Send us your questions! https://forms.gle/ATu6kYgKNaEXSr3UA The belief that Donald Trump actually won the 2020 US election is widespread among his most devoted followers. That belief rests on claims of massive voter fraud in the 2020 election that have never been substantiated. And in the 2022 elections, many “election deniers” ran for state-level offices that have direct control over elections, promising to limit access to voting if they won. Of all Republican nominees for election-administration positions this year, over half openly claimed that Trump won in 2020. But when the election came, the most high-profile of those “election denier” nominees, many of whom were favored to win, actually lost. And the story of why many of them lost is actually the story of thousands of ordinary citizens using the tools of democracy to protect democracy. Have you always wanted to be in a Vox video? If you have a question about the news that keeps you up at night or confuses you, share it with us! We’re excited to make a whole series of videos answering questions directly from you. Let’s get some answers: https://forms.gle/ATu6kYgKNaEXSr3UA Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1441 - How FIFA corrupted the World Cup

23 novembre 2022

And how Russia and Qatar took advantage of it. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO On December 2, 2010, FIFA announced the 2022 World Cup would take place in a surprising country, Qatar. At that same meeting, they also announced that the 2018 World Cup would take place in Russia. These selections set off a new chapter in FIFA’s history, one where the public would have a greater sense on how bribery and corruption have a huge role in who gets to host this international sporting event. The last 14 World Cup locations were decided by a group of 24 powerful men within FIFA called the executive committee. Their votes meant a lot to bidding nations and allegations on bidders bribing members of the committee lingered for decades. These allegations reached a new level when criminal investigations were launched nearly five years after that FIFA announcement. The fallout of these investigations nearly broke FIFA and tainted the World Cup. Watch the latest episode of Vox Atlas to understand how FIFA corrupted the World Cup host selection process. Sources: We found this book written and edited by dozens of football experts very helpful for understanding the financial history of FIFA and the World Cup: The Business of the FIFA World Cup edited by Simon Chadwick, Paul Widdop, Christos Anagnostopoulos, Daniel Parnell https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.4324/9781003121794/business-fifa-world-cup-simon-chadwick-paul-widdop-christos-anagnostopoulos-daniel-parnell We used this research article to create charts showing the World Cup’s financial success in it’s early days: Financing World Football. A Business History of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) by Heidrun Homburg https://www.jstor.org/stable/40696431 This book by one of our experts in the video is a great primer to understanding how both Russia and Qatar won their World Cup bids in 2010: Whatever It Takes: The Inside Story of the FIFA Way by Bonita Mersiades https://www.fairplaypublishing.com.au/products/whatever-it-takes-the-inside-story-of-the-fifa-way We used these FIFA financial reports to determine World Cup revenue since 2002: https://digitalhub.fifa.com/m/337fab75839abc76/original/xzshsoe2ayttyquuxhq0-pdf.pdf https://digitalhub.fifa.com/m/6d29dfb0f8a0e4ad/original/e4e5lkxrbqvgscxgjnhx-pdf.pdf https://digitalhub.fifa.com/m/605abd94a1bc476f/original/miuql8kpghitm7kdzha2-pdf.pdf https://digitalhub.fifa.com/m/114402613edaae50/original/zq7qokz0hgq1g7jlosqk-pdf.pdf https://digitalhub.fifa.com/m/10e86ad2eaf02dab/original/qkdqvkrhkrnqfswpmjct-pdf.pdf This table helped us keep track of the number of votes each bid winner received: https://digitalhub.fifa.com/m/5f5dbf795d42276c/original/is2qloh0dctwc0fcffmz-pdf.pdf We based our promised stadium maps off locations listed in these bid evaluations: https://digitalhub.fifa.com/m/432d03e6cc358cf6/original/mjwq4omnm58mcbwzd2pt-pdf.pdf https://digitalhub.fifa.com/m/3041e390c9c0afea/original/fd4w8qgexnrxmquwsb7h-pdf.pdf For more context on why football is important to the Middle East, we recommending checking out this book: Football in the Middle East: State, Society, and The Beautiful Game by Abdullah Al-Arian https://www.hurstpublishers.com/book/football-in-the-middle-east/

Épisode 1445 - How the World Cup’s AI instant replay works

29 novembre 2022

A new hyper-accurate technology, and referees' eternal quest for objectivity. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO The offside rule, which requires attacking players to be behind either the ball or the last defender, is a rule that sounds objective, but has led to a lot of questionable calls, partly because it can only be judged from an individual perspective. Until now. Meet the new “semi-automated AI offsides technology” at the 2022 World Cup. This technology relies on a sensor in the ball that relays its position on the field 500 times a second, and 12 motion tracking cameras mounted underneath the roof of the stadium that use machine learning to track 29 points in players’ bodies. In other words, FIFA is mo-capping players, just without the funny gray suits. And the whole system will alert referees when a player is offside. If you’ve been watching the World Cup, you may have also seen the motion tracking information being used to create an immediate 3D replay. This system seems like it could be capable of eliminating “bad” offside calls, or maybe bad calls altogether - but its new precision will inevitably impact gameplay no matter what. And the first World Cup to feature it will show us exactly how. Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1447 - How Qatar built stadiums with forced labor

1 décembre 2022

And hurt thousands of migrant workers Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Ever since Qatar won the rights to host the FIFA World Cup in 2010, its treatment of migrant workers has made international headlines. News stories and human rights organizations revealed migrant workers who built the stadiums, hotels, and all the new infrastructure required for the World Cup were being forced to work, not getting paid, unable to leave, and in some cases, dying. At the heart of the abuse faced by migrant workers is the kafala system. A system prevalent in Gulf states that ties workers to their sponsors, it often gives sponsors almost total control of migrant workers’ employment and immigration status. Due to all the scrutiny Qatar has been under, some reforms have been put in place, but the kafala system is more than a law — it’s a practice. And while these reforms exist on paper, human rights organizations say there’s still a long way to go. To understand how hundreds of thousands of migrant workers were stuck in an exploitative system while building the stadiums for the World Cup, watch our 10-minute video above. Further reading and sources: To dig deeper into the exploitation and discrimination migrant workers face, here’s Equidem’s detailed report: https://www.equidem.org/reports/if-we-complain-we-are-fired And here’s another report by Amnesty International: https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde22/5388/2022/en/ To understand the migrant experience, check out this infographic from Migrant Rights that walks you through the process that traps them: https://www.migrant-rights.org/infographics/migrant-difficult-decisions-in-the-gulf/ Migrant Rights’ full report on Nepali migrant worker deaths can be found here: https://www.migrant-rights.org/2021/12/dropping-dead/ To learn more about initiatives to compensate migrant workers, you can check out Amnesty International’s campaign here: https://www.amnesty.org/en/petition/its-time-to-pay-up/ Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1451 - The pickleball craze, explained

9 décembre 2022

And how cities are dealing with the boom. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Pickleball, a recreational racquet sport that combines tennis, ping pong, and badminton, became a national obsession in the early days of the Covid-19 pandemic. The sport’s popularity is due to the social nature of the game, how easy it is to learn to play, and the game’s portability. With nets that can be set up on any hard surface, the game is generally more accessible than other racquet sports. But pickleball’s spike in popularity created a public space problem when crowds of pickleball players began erecting temporary courts on public tennis courts, basketball courts, and parking lots. This, combined with the loud noises produced by rigid paddles and hollow, plastic balls, has created a new fight for space between pickleball players and pretty much everyone else. As more pickleball facilities open across the country, the strain on other public spaces has been easing. Now, plans are being developed in cities and towns across the US and Canada to embrace the pickleball boom and develop free, dedicated spaces for the sport. Learn about the rules and find pickleball tournaments near you at USA Pickleball: https://usapickleball.org/ Find places to play in NYC: https://www.nycpickleball.com New York Times article, "Why is pickleball so popular?" https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/03/well/move/pickleball-popular-sport.html This isn't the first time Vox has reported on pickleball. Check out this prescient 2015 write-up from our very own Phil Edwards, "Meet Pickleball, the next great American sport." https://www.vox.com/2015/6/4/8715623/pickleball Note: The headline on this piece has been updated. Previous headline: How pickleball took over Make sure you never miss behind-the-scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1454 - A fact-checked debate about legal weed

14 décembre 2022

2 opposing perspectives and 6 true facts about cannabis legalization. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Chapters: 00:00 Introduction to format 1:04 Fact #1: Public opinion 2:11 Will's Introduction 2:41 Fact #2: Road safety 4:03 Paul's Introduction 4:24 Fact #3: Marijuana arrests 5:41 Fact #4: Cannabis business owners 7:14 Fact #5: Illicit market 9:15 Fact #6: Corporate interest 10:10 Closing statements There are few places in the world where you can walk into a licensed shop and buy marijuana for recreational use. Uruguay is one (sold in pharmacies). Canada is another. They’re joined by 21 US states, representing 48 percent of the American population, up from zero states in 2013. That means that in Idaho, people caught growing or selling weed face mandatory jail time and tens of thousands of dollars in fines while their counterparts next door in Washington can enroll in a state-funded mentor-ship program for cannabis business planning and development. And states like Washington are violating both US federal law which prohibits any use of marijuana, and also international law, which prohibits non-medical uses. That’s messy. But it reflects that although large majorities agree that the criminalization of cannabis use was a mistake, there’s less consensus about how exactly to move forward. Will Jones III, the Director of Community Engagement & Outreach at Smart Approaches to Marijuana (SAM), maintains that the commercialization of weed would lead to more harm than good. He prefers decriminalization instead, which removes criminal penalties, treating marijuana possession more like a traffic ticket. (Six US states have decriminalized recreational cannabis without legalizing.) However, SAM prioritizes fighting legalization and reducing drug use over promoting decriminalization. SAM co-drafted the Medical Marijuana and Cannabidiol Research Expansion Act which makes it easier to study marijuana and develop marijuana-derived drugs but without descheduling marijuana as a schedule I illicit substance. President Biden signed it into law in December of 2022. Paul Armentano, the Deputy Director of NORML, has spent decades advocating for legalization of marijuana and says decriminalization doesn’t go far enough. NORML represents the interests of cannabis consumers and has been advocating for the removal of criminal penalties for recreational marijuana since 1970. We thought both of their perspectives were worth hearing but didn’t want to stage a traditional debate where viewers so often come away confused about what to believe. So we created a format that would help establish a shared foundation of facts while still communicating what each of these advocates believe is the most important information to know. In this new take on a debate, we asked both participants to identify facts that their opponent would have to concede are true. They were given an opportunity to review their adversary’s facts in advance and in a video call agreed on a set of six. In the video, you’ll see those facts presented, with each participant given the opportunity to add a “footnote” to their opponent’s facts. Sources: https://news.gallup.com/poll/356939/support-legal-marijuana-holds-record-high.aspx https://emersonpolling.reportablenews.com/pr/us-marijuana-policy-study-january-2022 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33731424/ https://norml.org/laws/arrest-charts/ https://mjbizdaily.com/chart-19-cannabis-businesses-owned-founded-racial-minorities/ https://www.aclu.org/report/tale-two-countries-racially-targeted-arrests-era-marijuana-reform https://blogs.bmj.com/tc/2021/04/10/perils-of-the-tipping-point-of-big-tobacco-2-0-taking-over-the-legal-cannabis-industry/ https://www.cnbc.com/2022/08/30/cannabis-drinks-companies-hope-to-capitalize-on-growing-market.html Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1456 - What New Zealand can teach us about reparations

15 décembre 2022

The Māori fight for justice leads the way on how to reckon with a dark past. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO When the British colonized New Zealand, they left the country’s indigenous Māori population with nearly no land; war and new diseases they introduced to the islands nearly killed off all Māori. Nevertheless, Māori managed to survive — and for decades they protested against the British crown’s pillaging. By the 1970s, the crown could no longer ignore Māori’s mass uprisings rallying for justice; it was forced to respond and established a tribunal to investigate how it violated Māori sovereignty over New Zealand. Since 1995, the British crown has been engaged in a process of land settlements with Māori — giving the tribes back land and cash, and offering apologies for their historical and modern-day thefts. By putting billions of dollars into this reparations program since the mid-1990s, New Zealand is leading the world with this kind of atonement and redress. In this special episode of Missing Chapter, Vox reporter Fabiola Cineas traveled across New Zealand to explore how Māori are using the compensation to build a new future for themselves — and to investigate what the US can learn about reparations from their story. Let us know your thoughts about Vox’s reporting on reparations and the impact it has had on you. Take our survey: https://forms.gle/NQR5p4Yq9SzTjghB8 This series is made possible by a grant from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation to Canopy Collective, an independent initiative under fiscal sponsorship of Multiplier. All Vox reporting is editorially independent and produced by our journalists. Views expressed are not necessarily those of Canopy Collective or Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. Canopy Collective is dedicated to ending and healing from systemic racialized violence. Multiplier is a nonprofit that accelerates impact for initiatives that protect and foster a healthy, sustainable, resilient, and equitable world. Robert Wood Johnson Foundation is committed to improving health and health equity in the United States. Additional sources: Vox's companion piece by reporter Fabiola Cineas: https://www.vox.com/the-highlight/23518642/new-zealand-reparations-maori-settlements We referenced these maps from Te Puni Kōkiri, the Ministry of Māori Development, to help create a rough map of government-recognized iwi: https://www.tkm.govt.nz/map/ Many iwi borders overlap with others, so in our map we used dots to symbolize iwi instead of exact boundaries. The Treaty of Waitangi by Claudia Orange was helpful to understanding the treaty’s history, https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Treaty_of_Waitangi/6pR-QgAACAAJ?hl=en The Treaty of Waitangi Settlements, edited by Nicola Wheen and Janine Hayward, provided different perspectives to understanding the impact of these settlements https://www.bwb.co.nz/books/treaty-of-waitangi-settlements/ He Tohu, National Library of New Zealand, https://youtu.be/rynnk2LBEY0 The Alexander Turnbull Library Collections at the National Library, https://natlib.govt.nz/collections/a-z/alexander-turnbull-library-collections Te Ara, the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, helped us understand the details of land loss, war, and inequality over time. https://teara.govt.nz/en Waitangi Tribunal, https://waitangitribunal.govt.nz/about-waitangi-tribunal/ List of treaty settlements, https://www.govt.nz/browse/history-culture-and-heritage/treaty-settlements/find-a-treaty-settlement/ Waikato-Tainui settlement, https://www.govt.nz/browse/history-culture-and-heritage/treaty-settlements/find-a-treaty-settlement/waikato-tainui-raupatu/ Ngati Maru settlement, https://www.govt.nz/assets/Documents/OTS/Ngati-Maru-Taranaki/Ngati-Maru-deed-of-settlement-Historical-Claims.pdf Museum of New Zealand, https://www.tepapa.govt.nz/discover-collections/read-watch-play/maori/treaty-waitangi/treaty-close/treaty-waitangi-trail NZ History, https://nzhistory.govt.nz/people/william-hobson Make sure you never miss behind-the-scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1460 - The case to rename this famous Christmas plant

21 décembre 2022

Why the story of the poinsettia is a troubling one. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Depending on where you live, there is one plant that you can spot anywhere during the winter holiday season (outside of, well, Christmas trees): poinsettias. It was named for the first US minister to Mexico: Joel Poinsett. In Mexico, Poinsett saw the plant — called cuetlaxochitl by the Aztec and with a long history of use in the region — and shipped some cuttings back to the US. Many around the world started calling the plant “poinsettia” to celebrate Poinsett’s legacy. But that legacy is a troubling one. Poinsett was a slave owner, a firm believer in American expansion, and during his tenure as secretary of war he oversaw the displacement of thousands of Native Americans. In his role as minister to Mexico, he meddled so much in local politics that he was asked to leave the country. Because of that history — and the fact that the US still corners the lucrative poinsettia market while restricting their imports from Mexico — many people today reject the name poinsettia in favor of the plant’s Native name, cuetlaxochitl. Check out the video above for more on how the US got the poinsettia. Additional sources: The full-text of Poinsett’s “Notes from Mexico” https://archive.org/embed/notesonmexicoma01poingoog This piece by Mark Schmeller on Poinsett’s legacy: https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2019/12/23/conspiracy-fueled-origin-christmas-poinsettia This research on the history of poinsettias by Judith M. Taylor and others: https://www.canr.msu.edu/uploads/resources/pdfs/the_history_of_the_poinsettia.pdf Have an idea for a story that we should investigate for Missing Chapter? Send it to us via this form! http://bit.ly/2RhjxMy Sign up for the Missing Chapter newsletter to stay up to date with the series: https://vox.com/missing-chapter Explore the full Missing Chapter playlist, including episodes, a creator Q&A, and more! https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ8cMiYb3G5fR2kt0L4Nihvel4pEDw9od Subscribe to our channel and turn on notifications (?) so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Check out our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Or our podcasts: https://www.vox.com/podcasts Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o If you value Vox’s unique explanatory journalism, support our work with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://www.vox.com/contribute-now

Épisode 1462 - How Iran's repression machine works

22 décembre 2022

And the protesters rising up against it. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO The death of Mahsa Amini at the hands of Iran's "morality police" on September 16, 2022 sparked major protests in Iran. The morality police arrested Amini for improperly wearing her hijab, and after they allegedly beat her, she fell into a coma and died. Protests began by asking for accountability. They’re now demanding regime change. In theory, Iranians have a democratic branch they can use to fight for change under the regime. But it's actually all part of the same power structure controlled by Iran’s autocratic supreme leader. Iranians are forced to voice their objections in the streets because the system that protects the morality police, the supreme leader, and the entire power structure of Iran was designed to fight dissent. During the 1979 revolution, the Iranian military declared neutrality. This led to the shah’s downfall, but it also caused the Supreme Leader to decide he needed a whole new loyal army to protect himself and his ideology. It’s this other arm of Iran’s power system that is also out on the streets, cracking down on protesters, hoping to keep the existing structure in place — the same system many Iranians have been fighting against for 40 years. Further reading and sources: This video simplifies Iran’s power structure to focus on the elements relevant to our story and the ongoing protests. There’s a lot more to learn about — to explore the full power structure of Iran and all its branches, check out: https://iranprimer.usip.org/resource/irans-power-structure This Council on Foreign Relations piece also describes the country’s power structure in detail: https://www.cfr.org/article/islamic-republics-power-centers If you’d like to read more about the role of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) check out this Foreign Policy article: https://foreignpolicy.com/2022/10/18/irans-revolutionary-guards-will-never-stand-down/ Amnesty’s leaked documents referenced in the video can be found here: https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde13/6070/2022/en/ To understand the origins of the ancient Persian tradition of women cutting their hair as a sign of protest, check out this CNN article: https://www.cnn.com/2022/09/28/middleeast/iran-hair-cutting-mime-intl/index.html Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1464 - How Christmas trees stopped being just a German thing

23 décembre 2022

It's a local custom that became a worldwide tradition. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO The Christmas tree tradition as we know it today has a long and varied history. It is believed to have roots in ancient cultures, where trees were decorated as part of celebrations. In the 1500s and 1600s, the Christmas tree became a Germanic custom, with fir trees being a popular choice. In the 1840s, the practice of having a Christmas tree in the home became more widespread, thanks in part to the influence of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert, who were both of German descent. The Christmas tree also gained popularity in the United States during this time due to a large influx of German immigrants. The tradition was further popularized through the mass media, such as The Illustrated London News, and the publication of Christmas cards and books like Charles Dickens' A Christmas Carol. Today, Christmas trees can be found in homes around the world and can even be spotted from satellite images of Christmas tree farms. Check out the book where the Christmas tree illustration appeared in America: https://archive.org/details/godeysladysbook22phil/page/262/mode/2up?q=%22christmas+tree%22 Here’s a short narrative about President Roosevelt’s “banning” of Christmas trees: https://foresthistory.org/president-bans-christmas-tree/ You can actually read all of Queen Victoria’s journals online, though it requires a British IP address or academic credentials: http://qvj.chadwyck.com/marketing.do Make sure you never miss behind-the-scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1467 - 2022, in 7 minutes

27 décembre 2022

Running up that hill with 8 billion people. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO In 2022, the world population crossed 8 billion people — and we felt the scale of this monumental milestone in hundreds of ways. After over two years of lockdowns and quarantines, people eagerly restarted their lives, but there were certainly growing pains. Weddings and travel skyrocketed, but so did lost luggage and global inflation rates. Taylor Swift broke Ticketmaster. Cryptocurrency was headed toward a great year until it really, really wasn’t. 2022 tested the world population as we tested out life in a new phase of the pandemic. Russia invaded Ukraine, and aid relief flooded into the war-torn country. Refugees were welcomed into surrounding countries, and those who stayed behind inspired people around the world. Global protests cried out for justice in Iran. Football teams stood up for migrant workers and the LGBTQ+ community at the World Cup. Cuba legalized same-sex marriage. The world froze for a moment when England’s longest-reigning monarch, Queen Elizabeth II, died. And we all watched a lot of TikTok. As we head into 2023, take a moment to look back at the events that defined this year. For more on 2022 from Vox.com: Alissa Wilkinson’s The 25 best movies of 2022: https://www.vox.com/culture/23484805/best-movies-2022-streaming-theaters Constance Grady’s Vox’s 16 best books of 2022: https://www.vox.com/culture/23500142/best-books-2022-if-i-survive-you-vladimir-furrows-lessons-either-or-ducks-joan-is-okay-shy-hotbed Marin Cogan’s Antisemitism isn’t new. So why did 2022 feel different?: https://www.vox.com/culture/23519717/antisemitism-hatred-jews-violence Make sure you never miss behind-the-scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1477 - Why we all need subtitles now

20 janvier 2023

It's not you — the dialogue in TV and movies has gotten harder to hear. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Have you ever been watching a show or movie, and then a character delivers a line so unintelligible you have to scramble to find the remote and rewind? For me, this moment came during the climax of the Pete Davidson film “The King of Staten Island,” where his most important line was impossible to understand. I had to rewind three times — and eventually put subtitles on — to finally pick up what he was saying. This experience isn’t unique — gather enough people together and you can generally separate them into two categories: People who use subtitles, and people who don’t. And according to a not-so-scientific YouTube poll we ran on our Community tab, the latter category is an endangered species — 57% of you said you always use subtitles, while just 12% of you said you generally don’t. But why do so many of us feel that we need subtitles to understand the dialogue in the things we watch? The answer to that question is complex – and we get straight to the bottom of it in this explainer, with the help of dialogue editor Austin Olivia Kendrick. Make sure you never miss behind-the-scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1481 - The disastrous redesign of Pakistan’s rivers

30 janvier 2023

British colonizers created a massive canal system in Pakistan — and helped cause the country’s deadly water crisis. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO In late summer of 2022, Pakistan experienced a devastating flooding event. An unusually severe monsoon season induced by climate change resulted in a third of the country being covered with water. Over 1,600 lives were lost, and water took months to drain out of lower-lying regions of the country, causing disease and displacement. On the flip side, Pakistan is among the most water-scarce countries in the world — expected to reach absolute water scarcity by 2025 if nothing changes. You can’t remove climate change from this equation, but an overlooked factor is the role that British engineering played in building water infrastructure along the Indus River and its tributaries, Pakistan’s sole source of surface water. A series of perennial canals, dam-like structures called barrages, and embankments were built to extract as much water from the Indus as possible and convert much of Pakistan’s arid landscape into farmland. But this water infrastructure exacerbates the destruction of flooding events and creates a hierarchical system along the canals in terms of water access. In our video, we explain the design of this water infrastructure and how Pakistan’s colonial past has made the country’s relationship with water even more precarious. Daanish Mustafa, who we interviewed for this video, co-authored a report on Pakistan’s water crisis: https://www.usip.org/publications/2017/04/contested-waters-subnational-scale-water-conflict-pakistan We recommend The Juggernaut’s reporting on the legacy of dams in Pakistan: https://www.thejuggernaut.com/pakistan-floods-dams-british-raj-colonialism For more context on how Pakistan bears the brunt of the effects of climate change: https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2022/10/pakistan-flood-cop27-climate-change/671664/ We interview David Gilmartin for this story, who authored a book on the history of water engineering in the Indus basin: https://bookshop.org/p/books/blood-and-water-the-indus-river-basin-in-modern-history-david-gilmartin/6562597?ean=9780520355538 Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1484 - Why the Titanic didn't have enough lifeboats

6 février 2023

An outdated safety law may have cost hundreds of lives. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Ever since the Titanic sank on April 15, 1912, a major suspected culprit for the high death toll has been that there weren’t enough lifeboats on board. It’s a decision that's been dramatized as hubris on the part of the White Star Line — but the ship actually surpassed safety standards for the time. The Merchant Shipping Act of 1894 required the largest-class ships, those weighing over 10,000 tons, to carry at least 16 lifeboats. Even though the Titanic, which launched in 1911, weighed 45,000 tons, that minimum was the same. The Titanic carried 20 lifeboats, with a capacity for roughly half of the people on board the night the ship sank. Until the Titanic disaster, lifeboats weren’t seen as a substitute for an entire ship. The giant liner itself, which featured 16 compartments separated by watertight bulkheads, was supposed to stay afloat even after taking on water. Then, using a brand new piece of technology — the Marconi wireless telegraph — signal for help from a nearby ship, using lifeboats to methodically ferry passengers off the sinking ship. This scenario played out perfectly just a couple years before the Titanic disaster, when a ship accidentally rammed RMS Republic in 1909. The Republic sank, but nearly everyone on board was safely ferried off. The prevailing thought at the time was that disasters at sea had become a thing of the past. When the Titanic went down, that all changed. Just two years later, the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) mandated all passenger ships carry lifeboats for everyone on board. Today, the SOLAS requirement is 125% of a ship’s capacity. Further reading: Check out Sam Halpern’s work analyzing the permissible flooding conditions on the Titanic: http://www.titanicology.com/FloodingByCompartment.html Read the 1909 news articles explaining the sinking of the Republic: https://www.rmsrepublic.news/ Dive into a wealth of Titanic research in “On a Sea of Glass” by J. Kent Layton, Bill Wormstedt, and Tad Fitch: http://atlanticliners.com/atlantic_liners_books_-_by_j_kent_layton/onaseaofglassbook/ Make sure you never miss behind-the-scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1485 - Why China is losing the microchip war

7 février 2023

And why the US and China are fighting over silicon in the first place. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO In October 2022, the Biden administration placed a large-scale ban on the sale of advanced semiconductor chips to China. They also implemented a series of other rules that prevents China from making these chips on their own. These chips are used in everyday technology, like our mobile phones and computers. They’re also crucial to military and intelligence systems, which is one of the main reasons they're at the center of a feud between the United States and China. Microchips were first invented in the US in the 1950s, after which their use rapidly expanded worldwide. Since then, the supply chain for these chips has grown and spread to include countries in Europe and Asia. And while some countries have caught up to the US's edge in making these advanced chips, China still falls far behind despite multiple attempts to gain an advantage. Watch the latest episode of Vox Atlas to understand why China is losing a new cold war with the US over microchips. Sources and further reading: We found this book written by Chris Miller very helpful for understanding the history of chip development in the US and the foreign policy behind its competition and feud with China: Chip War: The Fight for the World's Most Critical Technology https://www.amazon.com/Chip-War-Worlds-Critical-Technology/dp/1982172002 This book gave us great context on China’s efforts to acquire foreign technology: Chinese Industrial Espionage by Anna Puglisi https://www.amazon.com/Books-Anna-B-Puglisi/s?rh=n%3A283155%2Cp_27%3AAnna+B.+Puglisi Articles like this by Chien-Huei Wu helped us learn more about how much the US replies on east asian countries for successful technology: https://thediplomat.com/2022/05/east-asian-firms-are-critical-to-americas-semiconductor-success/ Reporting by Bloomberg helped us understand major IP theft cases related to semiconductor chips: https://cset.georgetown.edu/article/engineer-who-fled-charges-of-stealing-chip-technology-in-us-now-thrives-in-china/ An excellent report for more detail: Gregory Allen, CSIS https://www.csis.org/analysis/choking-chinas-access-future-ai Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1487 - Why everything you buy is worse now

9 février 2023

From clothes to tech, why is everything so poorly made? Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Maybe you’ve noticed: In the past 10 years everything we buy from clothes to technology has gotten just a little bit worse. Sweaters are more likely to tear. Phones are more likely to break. Smart toasters and TVs burn out and die after only a few years. It might seem like consumer products just aren’t built to last anymore. What’s going on? Unfortunately (and fortunately!), part of the problem is us. For decades, we’ve been conditioned to buy, buy, buy, and today it’s normal for many consumers to shop for new clothes at least once a month. In order to keep up, many companies have to prioritize making things in the fastest and least expensive way possible. To do that, they cut corners with materials and labor. In turn, quality suffers, which leaves consumers with a lot of crappy things. The story with technology is a little different. And the biggest difference is that while no one in fashion is saying you’re not allowed to sew a new button on a shirt, many tech companies have actually made it impossible to repair their products. The good news is consumers have a surprising amount of control over this situation. Watch the video to learn more. Check out the original article from Izzie Ramirez on Vox.com: https://www.vox.com/the-goods/23529587/consumer-goods-quality-fast-fashion-technology Repair.org is Gay Gordon Byrne’s association that’s fighting for your right to repair. For more on the right to repair bill in New York State there are some articles here: https://www.engadget.com/new-york-right-to-repair-law-kathy-hochul-184654713.html https://www.theverge.com/2022/12/29/23530733/right-to-repair-law-new-york-tech-hochul-oems-parts While I didn’t spend much time on Fast Fashion for this piece, I did love these articles: https://catapult.co/stories/haley-e-d-houseman-clothing-costs-labor-materials-handmade-homemade-factory-made https://www.wired.com/story/fast-cheap-out-of-control-inside-rise-of-shein/ This article from Vogue did a great job breaking down what things actually costs: https://www.vogue.com/article/what-is-the-right-price-for-fashion I also highly recommend following Cora Harrington (@lingerie_addict) and Derek Guy (@dieworkwear) on twitter for more hot takes on the fashion industry. Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1489 - Russia’s private military force, explained

14 février 2023

Inside the Wagner Group’s playbook. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO On January 10, 2023, the Ukrainian town of Soledar was reportedly captured. But it wasn’t captured by the Russian army under Vladimir Putin’s command. The announcement came from a relatively unknown man, Yevgeny Prigozhin, who said his troops now controlled the town. The troops are part of the Wagner Group, a private army that has become a prominent force alongside Russian troops in the war against Ukraine. But they aren’t new. They've been secretly fighting for Russia around the world since 2014. In this video, we take a look at their playbook and examine the three main steps they use to spread Russian influence around the world in brutal ways. We also look at how they’ve transformed from a ghost army to a recognizable private military group with insignias and an online brand, changing the nature of this secret group and its role in the world. Sources and further reading: Candace Rondeaux’s detailed report about the Wagner Group can be found here: https://www.newamerica.org/international-security/reports/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare/ For a summary of Syria’s ongoing conflict, we recommed this brief overview by CFR: https://www.cfr.org/global-conflict-tracker/conflict/conflict-syria If you’d like to understand France’s role in Mali in more depth, check out this Q&A by CSIS: https://www.csis.org/analysis/end-operation-barkhane-and-future-counterterrorism-mali And to get a more detailed understanding of Wagner’s arrival in Mali, including additional satellite imagery, check out this CSIS investigation: https://www.csis.org/analysis/tracking-arrival-russias-wagner-group-mali For a more in-depth look at the mass grave linked to Wagner Groups in Mali, you can read and watch France 24’s coverage here: https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali This UN report (in French) provides an overview of the human impact the conflict and the Wagner Group have had on civilians in Mali: https://minusma.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/220530_notetrimestrielle_jan-mars2022_final.pdf You can find the full transcript of the 2017 meeting between Russian president Vladimir Putin and then-president of Sudan Omar Al-Bashar here: http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/56163 This investigation by OCCPR reveals the links between Wagner’s gold mining ties and Sudanese military companies in detail: https://www.occrp.org/en/investigations/documents-reveal-wagners-golden-ties-to-sudanese-military-companies To understand how the Wagner Group brands itself and shows up online and around the world, we checked Prigozhin’s telegram account here: https://t.me/concordgroup_official/254 And Reverse Side of the Medal, the Wagner Group’s unofficial telegram account: https://tlgrm.ru/channels/@rsotmdivision Make sure you never miss behind-the-scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1490 - How these buildings made Turkey-Syria’s earthquake so deadly

15 février 2023

And can the buildings be fixed? Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO On the morning of February 6, a pair of powerful earthquakes, 7.8 and 7.6, hit Turkey and Syria. On top of that, the region was hit with strong aftershocks, which made the destruction even worse. The death toll is already in the tens of thousands with many victims still lying beneath the rubble. Multiple factors led to this earthquake being so devastating, like fault lines, neighborhoods still reeling from war and delayed rescue missions. But what made this earthquake particularly catastrophic was unsafe buildings. According to the Turkish government, over 6,000 buildings collapsed because of this earthquake. And that’s likely because of the way they were built. This video will explain how bad building design made the Turkey-Syria earthquake more deadly than it had to be. Correction: The map at 5:49 has been updated with correct labels. A previous version of this video had incorrectly swapped Peru and Ecuador. Additionally, the animation at 2:32 was updated to reflect the columns can often be made out of brittle concrete. Sources and further information: This report from Turkish civil engineers helped us understand the impact the Izmit earthquake had on soft story buildings: http://www.bupim.com/yayinlar/bupim-pdf/ECAS66.pdf This report published in the Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering gave us some context on the history of Turkey’s building codes: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/245378123_The_August_17_1999_Kocaeli_Turkey_earthquake_-_Damage_to_structures This explainer by BBC helped us learn more about misleading advertisements in Turkey: https://www.bbc.com/news/64568826 This article published in The Conversation explained why Turkey’s buildings collapse like pancakes: https://theconversation.com/earthquake-footage-shows-turkeys-buildings-collapsing-like-pancakes-an-expert-explains-why-199389 And we highly recommend this newsletter by Andrew Revkin on losses and lessons from Turkey and Syria’s earthquake https://revkin.substack.com/p/gauging-losses-and-lessons-in-turkeys For more of Vox's reporting on Turkey, listen to Today, Explained's episode here: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/turkeys-man-made-catastrophe/id1346207297?i=1000600044893 Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1495 - How South Koreans got so much taller

23 février 2023

Humans have gotten a lot taller in the past 100 years — and South Korea shows us why Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO A century ago, humans were quite short. For example, the average South Korean woman was about 4-foot-7, or 142 centimeters, while the average American woman was about 5-foot-2, or 159 centimeters. Humans were fairly short by today’s standards, and that was true throughout nearly all of human history. But in the past century, human heights have skyrocketed. Globally, humans grew about 3 inches on average, but in South Korea, women grew an astounding 8 inches and men grew 6 inches. South Korea is a unique example. In the early part of the 20th century, South Korea was a poor and hungry country. But drastic economic growth fueled improved living conditions. For example, in 1961 the country’s food supply was about 2,100 calories per person; by 2013, each person had about 1,200 additional calories available, according to data from the UN’s Food and Agriculture Organization. UN data also shows that in 1950, about 20 percent of South Korean infants died before age 1, but now it’s about 0.2 percent. However, South Korea’s improved living conditions are a harsh contrast to North Korea. For half of the 20th century, the south and north were one country. Heights in those two regions were nearly identical. So what happened to human height in North Korea after an authoritarian regime took over and closed off its borders? More reading: A Farewell to Alms: A Brief Economic History of the World, by economist Gregory Clark, beautifully connects economic conditions to human living conditions: https://www.amazon.com/Farewell-Alms-Economic-History-Princeton/dp/0691141282 This Scientific American article by molecular biologist Chao-Qiang Lai breaks down the research on how much of human height can be attributed to genetics and how much is environmental: https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-much-of-human-height/ The UN’s Food and Agriculture Organization has some of my favorite data sets. Understanding what humans eat — and how that’s changed over time — gives us insights into everything from economics to biodiversity: https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/FBSH There are many data sets on human heights over time, but the one I used in this video is from the NCD Risk Factor Collaboration: https://ncdrisc.org/ Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1496 - Why is everything getting so expensive?

24 février 2023

Diapers, food, rent — around the world, prices are rising. So what can we do about it? Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Right now, inflation is inescapable. At the grocery store, the gas station, and in almost every country in the world, people are playing more — way more — than they did just a couple of years ago for everything. In this video, we explore three explanations for why prices are rising, as well as different policy options for bringing them down. Further reading: Coalition of Parent and Community Organizations Accuse Procter & Gamble of Price Gouging in Letter to CEO Jon Moeller About Skyrocketing Diaper Costs: https://parentstogetheraction.org/2022/09/19/open-letter-from-parents-to-procter-gamble-ceo/#:~:text=The%20overall%20cost%20of%20diapers,to%20keep%20their%20babies%20dry. America’s monopoly problem, in one chart: https://www.vox.com/2018/11/26/18112651/monopoly-open-markets-institute-report-concentration Inflation: No evidence of a wage-price spiral: https://seekingalpha.com/article/4548770-inflation-no-evidence-of-wage-price-spiral Prices, Profits, and Power: An Analysis of 2021 Firm-Level Markups: https://rooseveltinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/RI_PricesProfitsPower_202206.pdf Inflation & Corporate Power Explained: Supply Disruptions & Corporate Power, The Groundwork Collaborative: https://groundworkcollaborative.org/news/inflation-corporate-power-explained-supply-disruptions-corporate-power/ Make sure you never miss behind-the-scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1500 - How America’s richest donate their money

3 mars 2023

Billionaires don’t give the same way we do. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Every year, publications like Forbes release lists detailing the generosity of society’s richest philanthropists. But the raw numbers of their donations don’t tell the whole story of how ultra-wealthy charitable giving tends to work. We took that data and put it on a big chart that highlights exactly how much of each billionaire’s personal wealth is going toward charitable giving. This video outlines how wealth inequality creates a distorted view of the generosity of America’s billionaires. We examine the causes their money goes to support, like education and public health. And we break down the actual methods they use to move massive amounts of donated money around, like foundations and secretive donor-advised funds. Measuring wealth and philanthropic giving is difficult and subjective. We relied on Forbes’s specific methodology for our chart, but lists like the Chronicle of Philanthropy’s “The Philanthropy 50” use their own methods. https://www.philanthropy.com/article/the-philanthropy-50/#id=browse_2022 Correction: In a previous version of this video, the equation at 1:05 was incorrectly flipped. We've updated the animation. Here is the original Forbes list we mention in the video: https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbeswealthteam/2023/01/23/americas-top-givers-2023-the-25-most-philanthropic-billionaires/?sh=320dd0692e9e If you’re wondering why Elon Musk isn’t on the Forbes list despite a $5.7 billion donation of Tesla shares in 2021, it’s probably because it was speculated that the money went to a donor-advised fund: https://www.forbes.com/sites/elizahaverstock/2022/02/15/elon-musk-reports-donating-57-billion-to-charity-but-there-is-no-trace-of-that-gift-yet/?sh=4d2dd8fd2782 They also do their own guide on “giving scores”: https://www.forbes.com/sites/rachelsandler/2022/09/27/the-forbes-philanthropy-score-2022-how-charitable-are-the-richest-americans/?sh=6bfe3b14a098 The inspiration for this chart came from this Reddit post using numbers from a previous Forbes list: https://www.reddit.com/r/dataisbeautiful/comments/ym3ddi/oc_forbes_2022s_most_philanthropic_us_billionaires/ Here is a list of all the Giving Pledge signatories: https://givingpledge.org/pledgerlist For more reading on the rise of donor-advised funds: https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/09/business/donor-advised-funds-philanthropy.html We interviewed Vox senior reporter Whizy Kim, who recently covered Jeff Bezos’s philanthropy: https://www.vox.com/recode/23553730/jeff-bezos-philanthropy-giving-pledge-charity She also covered the ways everyday Americans give that aren’t captured in charitable tax deduction data: https://www.vox.com/recode/2022/9/27/23373134/philanthropy-giving-decline-billionaires Make sure you never miss behind-the-scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1502 - Why so many people need glasses now

7 mars 2023

Nearsightedness is on the rise worldwide. How did that happen? Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Over the past few decades, children around the world have been diagnosed with nearsightedness at increasingly high rates. Nearsightedness, or myopia, can stabilize over time, but it doesn’t get better — meaning that myopes will rely on glasses, contact lenses, or corrective surgery to see for their entire lives. The blurriness associated with myopia is caused by eyeballs that have grown too long; in a stretched-out shape, eyes aren’t able to properly focus images onto the retina. Researchers believe that two culprits are to blame: the lack of outdoor play, and prolonged time doing up-close activities like using digital devices. In some countries — like Singapore, Taiwan, and South Korea, where over 80 percent of students graduating high school are myopic — intervening the progression of myopia has become a nationwide effort. Read more about... The global prevalence of myopia: https://www.aaojournal.org/article/s0161-6420(16)00025-7/fulltext#:~:text=We%20predict%20by%202050%20there,%2C%205.7%25%E2%80%9319.4%25%5D) How time outdoors reduces myopia risk: https://bjo.bmj.com/content/104/5/593.abstract Intervention programs in Taiwan: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339125514_Increased_Time_Outdoors_Is_Followed_by_Reversal_of_The_Long-term_Trend_to_Reduced_Visual_Acuity_in_Taiwan_Primary_School_Students And intervention in Singapore: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8027142/ Make sure you never miss behind-the-scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1504 - Why Top Gun won the Oscar for sound

10 mars 2023

Supervising sound producer Al Nelson breaks down the Mach 10 sequence. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO One of the most exciting things about Top Gun: Maverick is their emphasis on practical effects. Most times, when you see the film’s actors struggling against high-level g-forces, that struggle is real. The actors spent months training to be in planes doing their own stunts, and the whole film feels grounded because of it. Most times these sequences were shot practically … but not every time. In the film's incredible seven-minute opener (also known as the Darkstar sequence), nearly everything we see is completely fake. The plane used to go Mach 10 doesn’t really exist yet. It’s a prototype for a plane that will exist in the future, built by Lockheed Martin. While a prototype of that plane was used for taxiing around the runway, anytime we see the plane in the air it’s entirely VFX — impeccable VFX. But beyond the VFX, the thing that makes it feel so real is the sound design. In this video, Top Gun: Mavericks supervising sound producer Al Nelson breaks down the Darkstar sequence. He explains how his team made a plane that doesn’t exist sound real, and, more importantly, how they leveraged the sound design to be just as emotionally impactful as a piece of orchestrated music. Note: The headline on this piece has been updated. Previous headline: How Top Gun made a fake plane sound real Make sure you never miss behind-the-scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1508 - Ozempic is a game-changer. Here’s how it works.

14 mars 2023

This diabetes drug could be the future of weight management. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Ozempic, a medication developed to manage type 2 diabetes, has been in the news a lot lately because of one of its signature side effects: drastic weight loss. Both Ozempic and Wegovy, Ozempic’s counterpart approved specifically for weight loss by the FDA, are brand names of a drug called semaglutide. Semaglutide is one of several drugs that mimics a crucial digestive hormone called glucagon-like peptide 1, or GLP-1. It amplifies a process our bodies perform naturally. GLP-1 is released in our intestines when we eat, and there are receptors for the hormone in cells all over the body. In the pancreas, GLP-1 promotes the production of insulin and suppresses the production of glucagon. This helps insulin-resistant bodies, like those with type 2 diabetes or obesity, manage blood sugar levels. In the stomach, GLP-1 slows gastric emptying, extending the feeling of being full. In the brain, GLP-1 suppresses appetite, which also promotes satiety and curbs hunger, so we eat less. In late 2022, a rush to use Ozempic off-label for weight loss, likely prompted by its sudden rise in popularity in social media, led to a shortage of the drug for people who need it. But more drugs like semaglutide are currently in the process of being approved by the FDA to be prescribed for weight loss, likely signaling an end to the shortage and a promising new generation of medical treatment of obesity. Further reading: Mila Clarke's YouTube channel: https://www.youtube.com/TheHangryWoman The New Obesity Breakthrough Drugs, by Eric Topol https://erictopol.substack.com/p/the-new-obesity-breakthrough-drugs The Discovery and Development of Liraglutide and Semaglutide, by Lotte Bjerre Knudsen and Jesper Lau https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2019.00155/full?&utm_source=Email_to_authors_&utm_medium=Email&utm_content=T1_11.5e1_author&utm_campaign=Email_publication&field=&journalName=Frontiers_in_Endocrinology&id=440904 The pregnancy risks of Ozempic and Wegovy need more attention, Julia Belluz writes for Vox. Read more here: https://bit.ly/41znHCv Note: The headline on this piece has been updated. Previous headline: The game-changing weight loss drug, explained Make sure you never miss behind-the-scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1512 - Why the dyslexic brain is misunderstood

21 mars 2023

How dyslexia is a differently organized brain. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO The brain isn’t naturally wired to read. It’s a task that requires explicit instruction for our brains to activate different areas, including those that control vision, sound, and meaning. For fluent readers, the result is a complicated reading circuit — connected by neural pathways of white matter — to allow us to process words within milliseconds. But this reading circuit looks different for people with dyslexia. For decades, the research was largely focused on how this different brain organization often resulted in delays and difficulty in areas like reading, spelling, and grammar. And today, there continues to be stigma and misconceptions around a dyslexia diagnosis. But the challenges of dyslexia often overshadow another part of the picture. Research has repeatedly shown dyslexia is also associated with specific cognitive strengths. These include visuo-spatial processing, narrative memory, problem-solving, and reasoning. While there is still a lot to learn about these advantages and how they work, in the piece above we unpack what we know about dyslexia, and what many studies have concluded about these strengths. This perspective could be critical — not just for the roughly 20 percent of people who have dyslexia — but for the colleagues, peers, and educators who can better empower dyslexic thinking and better understand neurodiversity. SOURCES: On the reading brain: Proust and the Squid: https://www.harpercollins.com/products/proust-and-the-squid-maryanne-wolf?variant=32122454671394 Studies: “Explorative bias”: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.889245/full Impossible figures: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15503582/ // https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12744954/ Peripheral vision: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3574384/ // https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1068/p6036 Blurred images: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0035724#pone-0035724-t003 ADDITIONAL READING: The Dyslexic Advantage: https://www.dyslexicadvantage.org/book/ Amazing Dyslexics: https://www.amazingdyslexic.com/ Overcoming Dyslexia: https://dyslexia.yale.edu/research-science/overcoming-dyslexia/ https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-advantages-of-dyslexia/ https://dyslexiahelp.umich.edu/dyslexics/learn-about-dyslexia/what-is-dyslexia/the-many-strengths-of-dyslexics https://dyslexia.yale.edu/dyslexia/dyslexia-faq/#:~:text=Dyslexia%20affects%2020%20percent%20of,brightest%20children%20struggle%20to%20read. Note: The headline on this piece has been updated. Previous headline: The benefits of dyslexic thinking Make sure you never miss behind-the-scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1516 - How Western weapons transformed the war in Ukraine

24 mars 2023

And how the US influences which weapons they get, and which ones they don't. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO When Russia first invaded Ukraine in 2014, the US was hesitant to send more than supplies to the Ukrainian army. But when Russia launched a full-scale invasion in 2022, the US changed its tune. President Joe Biden quickly began approving huge packages of weapons to help Ukraine stymie the Russian attack. And for the first couple of weeks, it worked. The Ukrainian army used weapons from the US and its Western allies to stop Russia from capturing Kiev. As the war progressed, so did US help. It sent heavy artillery in the spring, and then agreed to eventually send tanks in winter 2023. But each time, it deliberated over whether Ukraine can effectively use the weapons, and whether they'll provoke Russia to escalate the conflict. So far, that hasn’t happened, and the US and its allies are now considering sending Ukraine very advanced long-range missiles and F-16 fighter jets. Both would be game-changers for Ukraine. Sources and further reading: Stimson Center- www.stimson.org/2022/u-s-security-assistance-to-ukraine-breaks-all-precedents/&sa=D&source=docs&ust=1679600857055035&usg=AOvVaw0BoV2nDHscvxIPa3G1yqoK CSIS - https://www.csis.org/analysis/united-states-running-out-weapons-send-ukraine Politico - https://www.politico.com/news/2023/01/28/pentagon-send-f-16s-ukraine-00080045 The Economist - https://www.economist.com/europe/2023/03/06/ukraine-is-building-up-its-forces-for-an-offensive Note: The headline on this piece has been updated. Previous headline: How US weapons transformed the war in Ukraine, How Ukraine got so many weapons Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1518 - Why China's population is shrinking

27 mars 2023

And why that’s a big deal. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO For the first time in six decades, China’s population is shrinking, and it’s predicted it could create a demographic crisis. That’s because China isn’t just shrinking, it’s also aging. And the majority of Chinese couples are not considering having more than one child. Because of this, China is predicted to lose nearly 50 percent of its population by 2100. China’s population decline can be traced back to the restrictive family-planning policies launched in the 1970s and an impressive economic boom fueled by China’s huge labor force. China’s modernization brought rapid urbanization, rising income levels, and better education to large parts of China. Combined, these policies and growth have given China one of the lowest birth rates in the world. Today, China is trying to reverse its population decline. Not just because an aging population is hard to sustain economically, but because China’s impressive economic growth, until now, has relied on its people. As China’s population challenges deepen over time, it might have to rethink how to grow its economy and care for its citizens. You can explore China’s birth and death rate data via the United Nations Population portal, here: https://population.un.org/wpp/Graphs/Probabilistic/MORT/Deaths/156 https://population.un.org/wpp/Graphs/Probabilistic/FERT/Births/156 As well as the country’s total population and predictions here: https://population.un.org/wpp/Graphs/Probabilistic/POP/TOT/156 Here are some key facts about China’s declining population from Pew Research: https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2022/12/05/key-facts-about-chinas-declining-population/ You can read some surprising details about China’s family planning policies — for example, the One-Child Policy was actually less impactful than the Later, Longer, Fewer campaign — here: https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/martinwhyte/files/challenging_myths_published_version.pdf Here’s an overview of China’s economic development from the World Bank: https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/china/overview And a report on China’s income gap: https://www.aeaweb.org/research/charts/china-income-gap-rural-urban For an in-depth look at the cruelty and human cost of China’s One-Child policy, I recommend the documentary One Child Nation by Nanfu Wang: https://www.pbs.org/independentlens/documentaries/one-child-nation/ You can explore population pyramids from across the world on the US Census Bureau’s website: https://www.census.gov/data-tools/demo/idb/#/country?COUNTRY_YEAR=2023&COUNTRY_YR_ANIM=2023 Finally, our expert, Professor Wang Feng, believes China’s population growth can be framed in a positive light. To understand how, read this piece he wrote for the New York Times: https://www.sltrib.com/opinion/commentary/2023/02/01/wang-feng-optimistic-alternative/ Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1519 - Why your voice is like a fingerprint

28 mars 2023

The features that make your voice unique. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Most of us use our voices every day to communicate one way or another, but the way we produce sound is so much more than the words we say. Our voices are about as unique as fingerprints — similar instruments, but with endless variations. As humans, we each essentially produce sound in the same physiological way, but it’s not as simple as plucking a guitar string. And when we talk we’re dropping clues about who we are, what we do, and where we’re from. A dialect can hint where a person is from. An expressive range might suggest a person is a singer or actor. A slow and quiet tone could mean a person is feeling sad or tired. Check out the video above to learn more about the ins and outs of how we produce sounds and why no one else sounds like you. For more on the ins and outs of how we produce sound: https://asa.scitation.org/doi/full/10.1121/1.4964509?TRACK=RSS For more on how puberty changes a person’s voice, including what we do and don’t know about why our voice boxes are so sensitive to sex hormones: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8594207/ You can find Justin Stoney’s website here: https://newyorkvocalcoaching.com/ Note: The headline on this piece has been updated. Previous headline: Why no one sounds exactly like you Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1527 - The tricky plan to pull CO2 out of the air

6 avril 2023

Will carbon dioxide removal work? It has to. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO In recent years, over 70 countries have committed to net-zero carbon emissions, aiming to become carbon neutral by mid-century. The 2015 Paris Agreement aimed to keep global warming below 2 degrees Celsius and ideally limit it to 1.5 degrees above pre-industrial levels. Despite global efforts, emissions are still rising, and achieving the 1.5-degree goal has become increasingly difficult. Most pathways to keep warming below 2 degrees, and eventually return back to 1.5 rely on negative emissions, which involve pulling carbon dioxide from the atmosphere using carbon dioxide removal (CDR) methods like enhanced weathering and direct air capture. However, these techniques are still in early development stages, and require land, energy, and money. Critics argue that relying on CDR implicitly encourages governments and companies to postpone necessary emissions reductions because counting on CDR now means relying on future generations of leaders to deliver on those promises. Preventing emissions is broadly less costly than cleaning them up after the fact. But even with dramatic cuts to emissions, experts say some amount of CDR will still be necessary. Sources and further reading: https://cdrprimer.org https://www.stateofcdr.org/ https://www.carbonbrief.org/explainer-will-global-warming-stop-as-soon-as-net-zero-emissions-are-reached/ https://carbonplan.org/research/cdr-verification-explainer https://carbonplan.org/research https://www.eenews.net/articles/competition-heats-up-for-u-s-direct-air-capture-program/ https://skepticalscience.com/SkS_Analogy_10_Budgets_and_Bathtubs_2022.html https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev-environ-112320-105050 https://insideclimatenews.org/news/04122022/carbon-removal-fossil-fuels-wyoming/ https://www.climatewatchdata.org/net-zero-tracker https://www.carbonbrief.org/analysis-which-countries-are-historically-responsible-for-climate-change/ https://www.carbonremovalalliance.org/ https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/cumulative-co2-emissions-region https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/annual-co2-emissions-per-country https://www.carbonbrief.org/analysis-what-the-new-ipcc-report-says-about-when-world-may-pass-1-5c-and-2c/ https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/US_accessibleLTS2021.pdf https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/solar-pv-prices-vs-cumulative-capacity?yScale=linear https://newrepublic.com/article/166067/public-carbon-capture-climate Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox is an explanatory newsroom on a mission to help everyone understand our weird, wonderful, complicated world, so that we can all help shape it. Part of that mission is keeping our work free. You can help us do that by making a gift: http://www.vox.com/contribute-now Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom Check out our articles: https://www.vox.com/ Listen to our podcasts: https://www.vox.com/podcasts Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Épisode 1529 - The Trump investigations you should actually care about

8 avril 2023

The four criminal investigations into the former president, explained Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Donald Trump is now the first former US President to face criminal charges. He pleaded not guilty to 34 counts of falsifying business records in the first degree. This case involves hush money that Trump’s lawyer paid to an alleged former sexual partner. But it’s actually just one of four criminal investigations into the former president. The other three investigations focus on his behavior after the 2020 presidential election. A Georgia team is examining Trump’s efforts to persuade Georgia Secretary of State Brad Raffensperger to “find” more Trump votes after the votes had been counted and Raffensperger had declared Joe Biden the winner. Federal special prosecutor Jack Smith is heading up the other two investigations. One group is looking at the Trump team’s attempts to persuade officials in a handful of states where Biden won not to certify his victory, and instead to claim Trump won the state despite the vote counts. The other federal investigation is focused on classified documents that Trump brought with him from the White House to his Florida estate after losing the 2020 election. According to reports from the Washington Post and the New York Times, when the FBI searched his estate in August 2022, they found documents related to nuclear weapons, as well as files containing information that could put US informants in the field in danger. As president, Trump didn’t just say outrageous things, he acted in unprecedented ways. Now that he’s out of office, investigators in a variety of jurisdictions are trying to figure out if he broke the law, too. Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox is an explanatory newsroom on a mission to help everyone understand our weird, wonderful, complicated world, so that we can all help shape it. Part of that mission is keeping our work free. You can help us do that by making a gift: http://www.vox.com/contribute-now Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom Check out our articles: https://www.vox.com/ Listen to our podcasts: https://www.vox.com/podcasts

Épisode 1537 - Can AI kill the greenscreen?

18 avril 2023

Can a color really beat the AI revolution? For now, it looks like it can. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO The greenscreen is a staple of visual effects — and it may stick around even in the age of AI “magic.” The video above explains why. It turns out that greenscreens, while imperfect, provide certain background separation benefits that are tough for AI to replicate due to the way it’s been trained and the limitations of available data. Preparation can help improve results, but this video shows why, ultimately, AI tools will remain one in a suite of options rather than a greenscreen killer. Further reading https://www.cs.unc.edu/~ronisen/ You can find more of Soumyadip (Roni) Sengupta’s papers here, including links to his various greenscreen work. https://segment-anything.com/ If you want to try the latest breakthrough in image segmentation, Meta’s demo lets you upload your own images. https://runwayml.com/ https://research.runwayml.com/publications/towards-unified-keyframe-propagation-models Runway ML has a variety of tools that sit on top of AI infrastructure, allowing you to play with all sorts of applications. They’ve documented a bit of their process at the link above. https://openaccess.thecvf.com/content_cvpr_2017/papers/Xu_Deep_Image_Matting_CVPR_2017_paper.pdf If you want to really learn more, you can read this paper that explains image matting on an important dataset. Make sure you never miss behind-the-scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox is an explanatory newsroom on a mission to help everyone understand our weird, wonderful, complicated world, so that we can all help shape it. Part of that mission is keeping our work free. You can help us do that by making a gift: http://www.vox.com/contribute-now Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom Check out our articles: https://www.vox.com/ Listen to our podcasts: https://www.vox.com/podcasts

Épisode 1539 - The big problem with cement, and how to fix it

20 avril 2023

Concrete emits a ton of carbon. Here's how we get it to net-zero. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Cement accounts for 8 percent of our global carbon emissions. It’s also an incredibly difficult material to do without: It’s the glue that holds together the rock, sand, and water in concrete. And concrete is the building block of the world: It’s in our buildings, our streets, our sidewalks, and our infrastructure. Aside from water, there’s no material on earth we use more of. In order to get to net-zero CO2 emissions by 2050, we’ll have to address how we build and how we make cement. Because cement production is so closely linked to urbanization and development, China accounts for a vast majority of today’s cement-related emissions. Other countries with more development in their future will need to emit more emissions to produce cement, too. All that means the whole world needs to figure out how to create cement without the emissions. This video goes into the steps developed by researchers for how to get there. Note: The headline on this piece has been updated. Previous headline: Why cement is so bad for the climate Further reading: Here is a link to the Nature article that we based our key visual on. Two of the co-authors, Paul Fennell and Chris Bataille, appear in the video: https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-022-00758-4#ref-CR4 I interviewed Brian Potter, who wrote this great article on how much concrete we consume: https://heatmap.news/economy/the-planet-s-jaw-dropping-astonishing-downright-shocking-amount-of-concrete Hannah Ritchie from Our World in Data wrote a great Substack clarifying the data on China’s cement emissions: https://hannahritchie.substack.com/p/china-us-cement Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox is an explanatory newsroom on a mission to help everyone understand our weird, wonderful, complicated world, so that we can all help shape it. Part of that mission is keeping our work free. You can help us do that by making a gift: http://www.vox.com/contribute-now Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom Check out our articles: https://www.vox.com/ Listen to our podcasts: https://www.vox.com/podcasts

Épisode 1542 - How TikTok dances trained an AI to see

25 avril 2023

And remember the Mannequin Challenge? Yep, they used that too. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO The quest for computer vision requires lots of data — including real world images. But that can be hard to find, which has led researchers to look in some pretty creative places. The above video shows how researchers used Tik Tok dances and the Mannequin Challenge to train AI. The quest is for “ground truth” — real world examples that can be used to train or grade an AI on its guesses. Tik Tok datasets provide this by showing lots of movement, clothing types, backgrounds, and people. That diversity is key to train a model that can handle the randomness of the real world. The same thing happens with the Mannequin Challenge — all those people pretending to stand still gave researchers — and their models — more real world data to train with than they ever could have hoped for. Watch the above video to learn more. Further Reading: Here’s the original project pages for each researcher in the video: Tik Tok aided depth: https://www.yasamin.page/hdnet_tiktok Mannequin Challenge: https://google.github.io/mannequinchallenge/www/index.html Geofill and Reference-Based Inpainting: https://paperswithcode.com/paper/geofill-reference-based-image-inpainting-of Virtual Correspondence: https://virtual-correspondence.github.io/ Densepose: http://densepose.org/ Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox is an explanatory newsroom on a mission to help everyone understand our weird, wonderful, complicated world, so that we can all help shape it. Part of that mission is keeping our work free. You can help us do that by making a gift: http://www.vox.com/contribute-now Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom Check out our articles: https://www.vox.com/ Listen to our podcasts: https://www.vox.com/podcasts

Épisode 1545 - How to fix clean energy’s storage problem

27 avril 2023

We can’t truly switch to renewable energy without a breakthrough. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO In the past few decades, solar and wind energy have made remarkable progress; they're now satisfying significant portions of our energy demand. But there's a problem holding us back from relying on them even more: They can’t be stored very well. Solar energy is only generated while the sun is up, and wind energy while the wind is blowing. But our power grids are designed to respond to demand whenever it occurs. Even suddenly, as is the case with storms and heat waves. When solar and wind are not available and demand spikes, the power companies need to burn fossil fuels — particularly natural gas, because it can be stored easily. If we ever want a power grid that relies solely on solar and wind energy, we’ll need to come up with ways to store them. Luckily, experts and engineers worldwide are coming up with some genius plans. Watch the video above to learn more about how we might be able to store solar and wind energy and, finally, transition away from fossil fuels. Read Neel's article energy storage here: https://bit.ly/3oPWAFd For more videos on climate coverage, watch our playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ8cMiYb3G5dR1opfCsg8JmZSToyAWR5h Make sure you never miss behind-the-scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox is an explanatory newsroom on a mission to help everyone understand our weird, wonderful, complicated world, so that we can all help shape it. Part of that mission is keeping our work free. You can help us do that by making a gift: http://www.vox.com/contribute-now Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom Check out our articles: https://www.vox.com/ Listen to our podcasts: https://www.vox.com/podcasts

Épisode 1547 - An AI artist explains his workflow

2 mai 2023

How it works — and why it takes a surprisingly long time to make something good. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO How does an AI artist maintain consistency with a recurring character? While AI art may appear to involve just a few clicks, it can be quite time-consuming. The video above demonstrates the abridged workflow of the anonymous creator behind "Stelfie" — a time-traveling selfie-taker. The artist's process involves custom 3D-generated heads, initial sketches, and extensive toggling between Photoshop and the AI program Stable Diffusion to achieve the ideal appearance. Throughout this process, the artist employs typical AI art tools such as inpainting (modifying specific image areas), outpainting (extending beyond the frame), and denoising (controlling image alterations). AI art can be as labor-intensive as traditional art, but its distinct outcomes make the final product unique. Check out more of Stelfie here: https://www.stelfiett.com/ https://www.instagram.com/stelfiett/ https://twitter.com/StelfieTT https://www.tiktok.com/@stelfiett?lang=en Want to learn more? Watch our playlist on the ins and outs of AI here: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ8cMiYb3G5ek1Ux66aJ_qWf6CfBaAkGG Or read more! There's plenty of text coverage on our website. Read the rise of artificial intelligence, explained: https://bit.ly/41S1Tmg Make sure you never miss behind-the-scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox is an explanatory newsroom on a mission to help everyone understand our weird, wonderful, complicated world, so that we can all help shape it. Part of that mission is keeping our work free. You can help us do that by making a gift: http://www.vox.com/contribute-now Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom Check out our articles: https://www.vox.com/ Listen to our podcasts: https://www.vox.com/podcasts

Épisode 1549 - Should we reflect sunlight to cool the planet?

4 mai 2023

Solar geoengineering might help lower temps, but it’s a controversial approach. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO The climate change crisis has become so dire that we’re being forced not only to think of ways to curb emissions and mitigate greenhouse gases, but of ways to adapt to our current situation to buy ourselves more time. One of those technologies is called solar geoengineering. It happens in nature when huge volcanic eruptions cover the stratosphere with ash: That ash forms a layer that reflects sunlight and cools the planet underneath. Solar geoengineering takes advantage of that principle, using different scientific methods to make the planet more reflective overall. The problem is, deploying it would require messing with our very complicated climate on a massive scale, and many scientists don’t think the risks are worth it. To get an in-depth look at the pros and cons of solar geoengineering, we interviewed a slew of experts on both sides of the issue. Watch our explainer to decide where you stand. Sources and further reading: To explore our global CO2 emissions, take a look at Our World in Data’s charts: https://ourworldindata.org/co2-emissions The open letter for an international non-solar geoengineering agreement signed by 400 scientists, including Professor Raymond Pierrehumbert, can be found here: https://www.solargeoeng.org/non-use-agreement/open-letter/ The open letter supporting further research into solar geoengineering signed by 110 scientists, including Professors David Keith and Sarah Doherty, can be found here: https://climate-intervention-research-letter.org/ Read the Sami Council’s letter calling to shut down Harvard’s SCoPEx project, which Professor David Keith is affiliated, with here: https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5dfb35a66f00d54ab0729b75/t/60c0a4bac8e3952583139537/1623237819160/Indigenous+Peoples+call+on+Harvard+to+shut+down+the+SCoPEx+project.pdf Check out the study we quote in the video about an increase in deaths related to extreme weather: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35550080/ To dig into the global effects of Mount Pinatubo’s eruption, check out NASA’s research: https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/1510/global-effects-of-mount-pinatubo#:~:text=In%20the%20case%20of%20Mount,effect%20on%20the%20Earth%27s%20surface. To learn more about Mexico’s ban on solar geoengineering and the stunt that led to this decision, check out this article by The Verge: https://www.theverge.com/2023/1/18/23560446/mexico-ban-solar-geoengineering-make-sunsets-startup-experiments And to learn more about the US solar geoengineering research plan, check out this MIT Technology Review article: https://www.technologyreview.com/2022/07/01/1055324/the-us-government-is-developing-a-solar-geoengineering-research-plan/ Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox is an explanatory newsroom on a mission to help everyone understand our weird, wonderful, complicated world, so that we can all help shape it. Part of that mission is keeping our work free. You can help us do that by making a gift: http://www.vox.com/contribute-now Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom Check out our articles: https://www.vox.com/ Listen to our podcasts: https://www.vox.com/podcasts

Épisode 1553 - Why Texas judges have so much power right now

11 mai 2023

Why is Texas so good at changing policy for the whole US? Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO In April 2021, Texas sued the US government over immigration policy. But they didn’t sue in Texas’s state capital; or in Washington, DC; or in any of the five federal courthouses along Texas’s border with Mexico. They filed the suit in a small Texas city called Victoria, far from any important government officials or immigration centers. And they did it there because they knew that if they did, a judge named Drew Tipton would be assigned to their case. In the time since Joe Biden has become president, Texas has sued the federal government 31 times. That’s a lot, but what’s more striking is that eight of those lawsuits have been heard by Judge Tipton specifically. The reason that’s weird is that, normally, judges are supposed to be assigned to cases randomly. But in Texas, you can choose your judge. It’s called “judge shopping” and it’s made Texas judges some of the most powerful in the country. It’s not just the state of Texas filing suits. In 2022 a private group called the Alliance For Hippocratic Medicine filed a suit demanding that the FDA take mifepristone, a widely used abortion medication approved in 2000, off the market. And they filed the suit in Amarillo, Texas, where the judge Matthew Kacsmaryk hears 100 percent of the cases. Kacsmaryk had previously been a lawyer for right-wing causes before he was a judge, and he ruled accordingly, ordering that the FDA ban mifepristone throughout the US. In the mifepristone case, the Supreme Court stepped in and paused the decision, but the fact that it got so close to being banned shows how empowered Texas federal judges are by the rules of Texas district courts. These judges, most of whom were appointed by Donald Trump, are playing a huge role in shaping national policy, and they’ve turned Texas into a powerful weapon against the federal government. Sources/further reading: The Federal Judicial Center keeps a phenomenal and really easy-to-use database of all US federal judges: https://www.fjc.gov/history/judges/search/advanced-search In 2022 Steve Vladeck filed an amicus brief to the Supreme Court that outlines the issue of judge shopping really clearly: https://www.supremecourt.gov/DocketPDF/22/22A17/230032/20220713161446965_22A17%20tsac%20Stephen%20I.%20Vladeck.pdf This 2018 article by Alex Botoman dives into the issue of random case assignment and was an invaluable resource in understanding how federal district courts around the country assign cases, with or without the use of divisions: https://hrlr.law.columbia.edu/files/2018/07/AlexBotomanDivisionalJudg.pdf Steve also writes a Substack about law and the Supreme Court, and in March wrote a great post about single-judge divisions: https://stevevladeck.substack.com/p/18-shopping-for-judges And Steve's book about the Supreme Court comes out on May 16, 2023: https://www.hachettebookgroup.com/titles/stephen-vladeck/the-shadow-docket/9781541602632/?lens=basic-books Make sure you never miss behind-the-scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox is an explanatory newsroom on a mission to help everyone understand our weird, wonderful, complicated world, so that we can all help shape it. Part of that mission is keeping our work free. You can help us do that by making a gift: http://www.vox.com/contribute-now Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom Check out our articles: https://www.vox.com/ Listen to our podcasts: https://www.vox.com/podcasts

Épisode 1554 - How A24 took over Hollywood

12 mai 2023

They went from solely distributing uncut indie gems to getting everything they made everywhere all at once Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO When you think back on your favorite movies, you might think about their famous directors or actors. But recently, a new name has become synonymous with indie film culture and appeal, and it’s not an individual, but a studio. You have to admit, their logo is pretty cool. A24 swept the 2022 Oscars. They’ve made some of the most distinct and interesting movies and TV shows of the past 10 years. But most importantly, they’ve garnered a reputation for quality — and their brand loyalty so strong that hipster film bros everywhere are wearing A24 t-shirts and caps right now. But unlike Universal or Paramount, studios that have been around for over a century, A24 has done this in just over a decade. How did this independent film distributor transform into a major player in the entertainment industry in such a short time? In this Vox Video, Nate Jones (senior writer at Vulture, and A24 obsessor) breaks down their history, and stratospheric rise to the top. Read more of Nate's writing on Vulture: https://www.vulture.com/article/a24-movies-ranked.html https://www.vulture.com/article/a24-movies-cult.html Check out more from A24: https://a24films.com/films https://a24films.com/television Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox is an explanatory newsroom on a mission to help everyone understand our weird, wonderful, complicated world, so that we can all help shape it. Part of that mission is keeping our work free. You can help us do that by making a gift: http://www.vox.com/contribute-now Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom Check out our articles: https://www.vox.com/ Listen to our podcasts: https://www.vox.com/podcasts

Épisode 1555 - How Palestinians were expelled from their homes

15 mai 2023

The Palestinian catastrophe, explained. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Around the time that Israelis celebrate Independence Day, Palestinians commemorate “The Nakba,” or “The Catastrophe.” The Nakba was a series of events, centered around 1948, that expelled hundreds of thousands Palestinians from their homeland and killed thousands. The Nakba isn’t the beginning of the story, but it’s a key part of Palestinian history — and the root of Israel’s creation. Prior to the Nakba, Palestine had a thriving population — largely made up of Arabs — that had lived and worked the land for centuries. But with the founding of Zionism, years of British meddling, and a British pledge to help create a Jewish state in Palestine — things began to change drastically. By 1947, with increasing tensions between Jewish settlers and Palestinian Arabs — the British left Palestine, and the UN stepped in with a plan to partition the land into two states. What followed was known as Plan Dalet: operations by Israeli paramilitary groups that violently uprooted Palestinians. An estimated 15,000 Palestinians were killed, more than 500 villages were decimated, and roughly 750,000 Palestinians displaced. Most who were expelled from their homes couldn’t return to historic Palestine. And today, millions of their descendants live in refugee camps in Gaza, the West Bank and surrounding countries. The history of the Nakba has been deliberately concealed and often ignored in western narratives around the creation of Israel. In this episode of Missing Chapter, we break down how the Nakba happened — and how it defined the future of Palestine. Sources: Check out the documentary “1948: Creation & Catastrophe” by Ahlam Muhtaseb and Andy Trimlett for more information about the events around the Nakba - https://tubitv.com/movies/513674/1948-creation-catastrophe All That Remains: The Palestinian Villages Occupied and Depopulated by Israel in 1948 was a great resource in helping us understand the Nakba - https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/22236243-all-that-remains For our maps, we relied heavily on these organizations: Palestinian Academic Society for the Study of International Affairs, Institute for Middle Eastern Understanding, Palestine Remembered and Zochrot http://www.passia.org/maps/view/2 https://imeu.org/topic/category/maps https://www.palestineremembered.com/Maps/index.html https://www.zochrot.org/ This report by Ilan Pappe helped us understand how Zionist forces planned to destroy villages - https://www.palestine-studies.org/en/node/1650358 For our population breakdowns, we mainly used Australian National University’s Palestine Census reports archive - https://users.cecs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/yabber_census.html Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter Vox is an explanatory newsroom on a mission to help everyone understand our weird, wonderful, complicated world, so that we can all help shape it. Part of that mission is keeping our work free. You can help us do that by making a gift: http://www.vox.com/contribute-now Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom Check out our articles: https://www.vox.com/ Listen to our podcasts: https://www.vox.com/podcasts

Épisode 1557 - Why you’re probably not doing your “dream job”

17 mai 2023

What jobs do 15-year-olds expect to do at 30? Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Every few years, thousands of teenagers are asked a very simple question: What job do you expect to have when you're 30? It's an important question because having an answer helps teenagers plan for the future, whether that's taking a specific class or deciding whether to attend college. That's why the OECD's PISA survey has asked this question since 2000. But in the last 20 years, we've seen a concerning trend: More and more teenagers name the same basic jobs, like doctor or lawyer, almost as if they're picking jobs out of a children's book. And even more worrisome is that more and more teenagers don't even name a job. All of this hints that today's teenagers aren't thinking enough about their future plans – and, fair or not, this lack of career preparation will likely have lifelong consequences. Note: The headline on this piece has been updated. Previous headline: Why 25% of teens can't answer this question Sources and further reading: This OECD report argues that the narrowing answers to this question hint that teens are confused about their future careers: https://www.oecd.org/education/dream-jobs-teenagers-career-aspirations-and-the-future-of-work.htm Here's the data from the PISA survey: https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/ It's difficult to work with, but the codebook provides broad summaries of the data: https://webfs.oecd.org/pisa2018/PISA2018_CODEBOOK.xlsx This study shows that students with science-related ambitions are far more likely to get science or engineering degrees, even if they aren’t as good at math: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1128690 This paper looks at the long term ramifications of being “misaligned” as a teenager: https://www.jstor.org/stable/42956558 If you’re a solutions-oriented person, this OECD report is about what we can do to help teenagers better think about their professional futures: https://www.oecd.org/education/indicators-of-teenage-career-readiness-6a80e0cc-en.htm Vox is an explanatory newsroom on a mission to help everyone understand our weird, wonderful, complicated world, so that we can all help shape it. Part of that mission is keeping our work free. You can help us do that by making a gift: http://www.vox.com/contribute-now Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom Check out our articles: https://www.vox.com/ Listen to our podcasts: https://www.vox.com/podcasts

Épisode 1562 - Sudan's conflict, explained

26 mai 2023

How Sudan's top two military men turned on each other Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO On December 19, 2018, protests broke out in small cities throughout Sudan amid an economic crisis, eventually reaching the country's capital, Khartoum. These protests posed the biggest challenge to Sudan's longest-serving dictator, Omar al-Bashir, who throughout his regime did everything he could to remain in power. Bashir relied on various security sectors to protect him from being overthrown. However, his plan ultimately failed on April 11, 2019, when the country's army, the Sudanese Armed Forces, and a paramilitary force, the Rapid Support Forces, sided with the protesters and carried out a military coup, toppling Bashir. The end of Bashir's regime brought hope to the protesters, but they remained skeptical about the men who had overthrown him. SAF’s Abdel Fattah Burhan and RSF’s Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo (aka Hemeti) took control of the country after the coup and made repeated promises to hand over power to civilians, which would put Sudan on a democratic path. But they continuously delayed fulfilling their promises and instead turned against each other, vying for power in Sudan. The two men have brutally interrupted Sudan’s pro-democracy revolution. The fighting between the two men's forces started out in Sudan's capital, Khartoum, and spread all over the country. Recent ceasefire breakdowns have led to more bursts of violence, especially in Darfur, a region still reeling from the aftermath of a genocide at the hands of Bashir's regime. Watch the latest episode of Atlas to understand how their feud has undermined the democratic aspirations of the protesters and put Sudan at risk of a civil war. Note: The headline has been updated. Previous headline: The two men who derailed Sudan’s revolution Sources and additional reading: This Q&A by the New Yorker featuring Mai Hassan helped us understand Omar al-Bashir’s coup-proofing agenda - https://www.newyorker.com/news/q-and-a/the-failed-coup-proofing-behind-the-recent-violence-in-sudan This article by Mat Nashed was a great starting point for us to learn more about the recent conflict- https://newlinesmag.com/reportage/in-sudan-a-deadly-reckoning-for-rival-forces/ Local reporting by Radio Dabanga kept us up-to-date with the day to day of the conflict - https://www.dabangasudan.org/en This paper by Global Witness provided us with information on how the RSF became wealthy https://www.globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/conflict-minerals/exposing-rsfs-secret-financial-network/ We found the International Crisis Group’s in depth reporting analyses and commentary very useful throughout our reporting and research - https://www.crisisgroup.org/africa/horn-africa/sudan Keeping up with Ism’ail Kushkush’s and Yousra Elbagir’s reporting throughout the revolution helped us understand the lead up towards Burhan’s and Hemeti’s rivalry - https://sites.google.com/view/ikushkush/portfolio https://www.channel4.com/news/by/yousra-elbagir Vox is an explanatory newsroom on a mission to help everyone understand our weird, wonderful, complicated world, so that we can all help shape it. Part of that mission is keeping our work free. You can help us do that by making a gift: http://www.vox.com/contribute-now Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom Check out our articles: https://www.vox.com/ Listen to our podcasts: https://www.vox.com/podcasts

Épisode 1567 - How streaming caused the TV writers strike

7 juin 2023

The way scripted television gets made today has transformed the careers of writers. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Thousands of television and film writers who are part of the Writers Guild of America are in the middle of a historic strike. They're forming picket lines in front of studios, and productions in New York and Los Angeles and shutting down active sets. The last time they went on strike was 15 years ago — when streaming’s impact on the film and television industry was only just taking shape. This time around, they are striking for better residuals and rights against the looming threat of AI, among other concerns. At the core of this dispute is streaming and how it's revolutionized the industry. Companies like Netflix, Hulu, Apple TV+, and more have given consumers an unprecedented array of films and TV shows and opened the door to new voices that don’t have to adhere to mainstream network formats. On the other hand, streaming has also changed how television gets produced, the role writers play, and how they get paid. We interviewed four television writers and showrunners about how streaming has changed how they work, how their incomes have taken a hit, and why it has become harder than ever to build a career. Further reading: The New Yorker interviewed The Bear writer Alex O’Keefe that Julia Yorks mentions in the video: https://www.newyorker.com/culture/notes-on-hollywood/why-are-tv-writers-so-miserable Alissa Wilkinson covered the WGA strike for Vox, including a part of it we don’t mention in this video: the threat of AI: https://www.vox.com/culture/23696617/writers-strike-wga-2023-explained-residuals-streaming-ai There’s a great episode of The Daily about how streaming stunts career development for TV writers: https://www.nytimes.com/2023/05/05/podcasts/the-daily/tv-wga-writers-strike.html Vox is an explanatory newsroom on a mission to help everyone understand our weird, wonderful, complicated world, so that we can all help shape it. Part of that mission is keeping our work free. You can help us do that by making a gift: http://www.vox.com/contribute-now Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom Check out our articles: https://www.vox.com/ Listen to our podcasts: https://www.vox.com/podcasts

Épisode 1569 - Why Disney World is in Florida

9 juin 2023

Disney World really is a kingdom. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Have you ever wondered why Disney World is located where it is? Or how it came to be such a massive, self-contained universe? It’s a story that involves secret land deals, special districts, and, now, a corporation and a government locked in a feud. The story of why Disney World is in Florida marries business and governmental concerns about the creation of the massive property. The engineering ranges from unique physical construction (like the creation of a lake) to unique legal construction (like the creation of a self-running government that could even build its own sewer system). Further Reading: Buying Disney’s World (https://www.amazon.com/Buying-Disneys-World-Florida-Swampland/dp/1733642056) by Aaron H. Goldberg is an authoritative work about the purchase of Disney. Drawing from corporate records, internal histories, and more, it’s a comprehensive narrative about Disney World’s creation and early years. There are a lot of great Disney fan websites out there that are obsessive in their Disney coverage. I found Jim Hill’s history of Reedy Creek to be a good intro to the topic. (https://jimhillmedia.com/history-reedy-creek-improvement-district-part-1/) Disney news is also vibrant on YouTube. Mickey Views provides good perspective on the current battles. https://www.youtube.com/@MickeyViews/videos For the latest news and updates about the DeSantis-Disney conflict: bit.ly/3oOHz75 Vox is an explanatory newsroom on a mission to help everyone understand our weird, wonderful, complicated world, so that we can all help shape it. Part of that mission is keeping our work free. You can help us do that by making a gift: http://www.vox.com/contribute-now Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom Check out our articles: https://www.vox.com/ Listen to our podcasts: https://www.vox.com/podcasts

Épisode 1571 - The US Supreme Court just made this map illegal

15 juin 2023

And it could swing the 2024 elections. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO In 2013, a divided Supreme Court gutted one of the major pillars of the 1965 Voting Rights Act. In the 10 years since then, the court has moved even farther to the right. So when the Voting Rights Act came before the Supreme Court again in 2022, it didn’t look good for the law. But then something completely unexpected happened: in a 5-4 decision, two of the conservative justices voted with the 3 liberal justices to preserve the Voting Rights Act. And the effects could be huge. At stake in the case was the way that Alabama divides up its Congressional districts. Alabama has seven districts, one of which is what’s called a “majority-minority district” in which Black Americans are the majority of the population. In 2022, a group of Black voters sued the state, saying that under the law, Alabama should actually have two majority-minority districts. And the Supreme Court agreed. The reason this matters to the rest of the country is that Alabama’s not alone — several other states in the south are now vulnerable to similar challenges that would increase the number of majority-minority districts. And especially in a region of the country where voting is racially polarized — where white people overwhelmingly vote Republican and Black people vote Democrat — this decision has the potential to flip multiple Congressional seats in the next election. And in a US House of Representatives where Republicans only hold control by a margin of 10 votes or so, that’s a big deal. Sources and further reading: In 2021 every state in the US with more than one Congressional district redrew them. CNN has a great tool that looks at each state’s Congressional district map before and after that redistricting, and tracks how many majority-minority districts each state has: https://www.cnn.com/interactive/2022/politics/us-redistricting/georgia-redistricting-map/ FiveThirtyEight has a similar tool: https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/redistricting-2022-maps Many of those new district maps are under legal challenge. The Brennan Center for Justice has a really thorough roundup of every legal case underway against those maps: https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/research-reports/redistricting-litigation-roundup-0 The Brennan Center also has a great summary of the Alabama case: https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/research-reports/merrill-v-milligan-gerrymandering-supreme-court A big part of the Alabama case was determining whether drawing a second majority-black district would be easy. The mathematician Moon Duchin wrote a brief report for the court that demonstrates that really succinctly: https://www.brennancenter.org/sites/default/files/2022-02/Duchin_Report.pdf The Guardian built a cool interactive that shows the gerrymandering in Alabama really well: https://www.theguardian.com/law/2023/jun/08/alabama-discrimination-black-voters-map-supreme-court Naturally I recommend reading Vox.com’s Ian Millhiser breaking down the Alabama decision: https://www.vox.com/scotus/2023/6/8/23753932/supreme-court-john-roberts-milligan-allen-voting-rights-act-alabama-racial-gerrymandering And Vox’s Christian Paz on the political implications of the case: https://www.vox.com/voting-rights/23754443/supreme-court-alabama-voting-rights-act-congress-democrats-house-louisiana-south-carolina Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1574 - Do "gun buybacks" work?

16 juin 2023

An alternative to thoughts and prayers. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO On May 3rd, 2023, Serbia experienced two mass shootings that left more than 15 people dead. While Serbia has one of the highest gun ownership rates in the world, mass shootings are rare, and the shootings shocked the country. In response, one of the big things the Serbian government did was implementing a weapon surrender scheme. So far 26,000 unregistered weapons, 1.3 million rounds of ammunition and 6,000 explosives have been voluntarily surrendered. It’s too soon to know what impact this will have on Serbia’s gun ownership rates – but we can look at Australia, where they implemented the world's largest mandatory buyback program in 1996. Nearly three decades later, Australia has removed more than 650,000 guns from the streets. To understand what the data says about the effects of the program regarding gun deaths and mass shootings, check out our explainer above. Sources and further reading: Zack Beauchamp’s Vox article about Australia’s gun buyback program which inspired this video can be found here: https://www.vox.com/2015/8/27/9212725/australia-buyback You can read Dr. Ramchand’s meta-analysis evaluating the the effects of Australia’s National Firearm Agreement, including the gun buyback program, here: https://www.rand.org/research/gun-policy/analysis/essays/1996-national-firearms-agreement.html The study that explores female firearm homicide victimization can be found here: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29332507/ The study specifically about gun buybacks is here: https://sci-hub.ru/10.1093/aler/ahq013 For more information on Australia’s National Firearms agreement established in 1996, I recommend this detailed review that also includes a look at other countries with initiatives to remove firearms: https://www.gunpolicy.org/documents/7918-firearm-regulation-in-five-countries-international-experience-and-research/file This speech by former Australian Prime Minister Howard given just days after the Port Arthur mass shooting, outlines the motivations behind the NFA: https://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/search/display/display.w3p;query=Id:%22chamber/hansardr/1996-05-06/0089%22;src1=sm1 This RAND research article examines the effects of small, local gun buybacks in the US: https://www.rand.org/research/gun-policy/analysis/essays/gun-buyback-programs.html To understand US gun death data in more depth, check out this Pew Research article: https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/04/26/what-the-data-says-about-gun-deaths-in-the-u-s/ This Reuter’s article has a good summary of the initial results of Serbia’s gun amnesty:: https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/after-two-mass-shootings-can-serbia-rid-itself-guns-2023-05-22/ This The Conversation article explains how Australia’s NFA and gun buybacks saved lives, but cautions that we are now taking steps back: https://theconversation.com/australias-gun-laws-save-lives-but-are-we-now-going-backwards-58134 To read about Australia’s new and changing gun ownership figures, take a look at this University of Sydney study: https://www.sydney.edu.au/news-opinion/news/2021/04/28/new-gun-ownership-figures-revealed-25-years-on-from-port-arthur.html Finally, Australia’s mass shooting data in this video, includes incidents that killed four or more people through 2020. Since then, Australia experienced a mass shooting in December of 2022. You can read about it here: https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2023/jan/22/wieambilla-shootings-killers-daughter-speaks-out-about-their-descent-into-world-of-conspiracies Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com. Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Épisode 1579 - A desert fungus that infects humans is spreading

24 juin 2023

... And scientists don't fully understand why. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Check out the article by Keren Landman on Vox.com for more: https://www.vox.com/the-highlight/23673211/valley-fever-cocci-fungal-infections-colorado-river-dust Out of the millions of fungal species in the world, only a few hundred can make people sick. Coccidioides is one of them — and it lives in desert dust. Microscopic spores are kicked up when the ground is disturbed; if inhaled, they can cause an infection known as Valley fever. Most people recover without ever knowing they had it, but others will experience far more intense symptoms, ranging from pneumonia to meningitis. Coccidioides is also really good at eating … meat. Fortunately, this fungus is typically only found in the southwestern US, parts of Mexico, and Central and South America — and cases are rare. But unfortunately, that range is expanding quickly. Scientists are racing to understand exactly why, because even though this fungus has existed for millennia, there are still tons of unanswered questions about how it lives both in the desert and in people. Further reading: Bridget Barker is one of the authors of the endozoan hypothesis. You can read her study co-authored by John Taylor here: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30690603/. This article talks about the need for prevention methods: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6749157/?report=reader You can find the study that predicts the spread of Coccidioides here: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2019GH000209 Vox is an explanatory newsroom on a mission to help everyone understand our weird, wonderful, complicated world, so that we can all help shape it. Part of that mission is keeping our work free. You can help us do that by making a gift: http://www.vox.com/givenow Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom Check out our articles: https://www.vox.com/ Listen to our podcasts: https://www.vox.com/podcasts

Épisode 1581 - When flight attendants fought the airline industry and won

29 juin 2023

The “stewardess rebellion” fought the industry and won. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO When flight attendants, known as stewardesses at the time, first took flight in the 1930s, the profession became a token of glamor. Unlike other jobs open to women at the time, like teaching or secretarial work, stewardesses had a unique opportunity to travel the world and meet new people thousands of feet in the air. While the position provided exciting opportunities for working women, it also capitalized on the bodies of these women to benefit the airline industry. For decades, airlines exclusively hired young, single, unmarried, white women and enforced strict policies — like weight and age requirements — to make sure their employees were up to the standard they were selling. Airlines relied on the glamorous reputation of the jet-setting stewardess to sell luxury air travel, and it worked. Along with imposing extreme qualifications for the job, airlines leaned into a “sexy stewardess” stereotype with advertising campaigns and new uniforms, like Southwest Airlines' “hot pants” that painted stewardesses as sex objects. But in the 1960s and '70s, stewardesses mounted an organized push against their employers' discriminatory labor practices. They became one of the first groups in the US to fight discrimination in the workplace. And they won. Their activism and legal battles, which used Title VII of the Civil Rights Act, became known as the “stewardess rebellion.” It changed the airline industry into what we know today and paved the way for working women nationwide. Note: The headline on this piece has been updated. Previous headline: How flight attendants changed the airline industry Sources: The book Femininity in Flight by Kathleen Barry played a huge role in researching this story: https://www.dukeupress.edu/femininity-in-flight So did Nell McShane Wulfhart’s book about the stewardesses' legal fights and unionizing: https://nellmcshanewulfhart.com/books/ You can read personal accounts from the stewardess rebellion here: https://archive.org/details/sexobjectsinsky00kane/page/84/mode/2up Check out more history and photos from the Association of Professional Flight Attendants: https://www.apfa.org/departments/archives-department/ And learn more about Black flight attendants' history from Black Flight Attendants of America: https://www.blackflightattendantsofamerica.org/ Vox is an explanatory newsroom on a mission to help everyone understand our weird, wonderful, complicated world, so that we can all help shape it. Vox's mission to make sure everyone can get information that helps them understand the world, regardless of their ability to pay. We rely on a lot of revenue streams to do this. Ads alone aren't enough. Help us make more videos and keep them free by giving today! https://vox.com/givenow Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom Check out our articles: https://www.vox.com/ Listen to our podcasts: https://www.vox.com/podcasts

Épisode 1586 - Why so many baseball players are Dominican

11 juillet 2023

And why so many players are among the best in Major League Baseball. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Baseball has a long history in the United States, but it also has strong roots in the Caribbean and Latin America, particularly in the Dominican Republic. Cubans were the first to bring the game from the US to their country in the 19th century, and later, wealthy Cubans introduced it to the Dominican Republic. Over the following decades, the sport became deeply ingrained in Dominican culture, while in the United States, baseball evolved into a multi-million dollar industry. Eventually, the United States began to seek out Cuban baseball talent. But when diplomatic relations between the two countries deteriorated, the Dominican Republic emerged as the primary focus of Major League Baseball's talent pipeline. As Dominicans demonstrated their skill and success as baseball players, the MLB started establishing academies in the Dominican Republic, which were affiliated with MLB teams in the United States. This system facilitated the influx of numerous talented Dominican players into MLB teams. Currently, Dominicans dominate Major League Baseball in the United States, making up more than 10 percent of all players in the league. They significantly outnumber players from other foreign-born countries. To gain a deeper understanding of how baseball spread throughout the Dominican Republic and why the island produces so many MLB players, watch the latest episode of Vox Atlas. Sources: Dominican Baseball: New Pride, Old Prejudice by Alan Klein https://www.amazon.com/Dominican-Baseball-New-Pride-Prejudice/dp/143991088X?tag=namespacebran486-20 Sugarball: The American Game, the Dominican Dream by Alan Klein https://www.amazon.com/Sugarball-American-Game-Dominican-Dream/dp/0300052561 Pitching Democracy: Baseball and Politics in the Dominican Republic by April Yoder https://www.amazon.com/Pitching-Democracy-Baseball-Politics-Dominican/dp/1477326766 Playing America’s Game: Baseball, Latinos and the Color Line by Adrian Burgos https://www.amazon.com/Playing-Americas-Game-Baseball-Crossroads/dp/0520251431 Further reading/watching: MLB’s International Draft would Affect Dominican Republic https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/24/sports/baseball/international-draft-dominican-republic.html ‘A failed system’: A corrupt process exploits Dominican baseball prospects. Is an international draft really the answer? https://theathletic.com/3080470/2022/01/20/a-failed-system-a-corrupt-process-exploits-dominican-baseball-prospects-is-an-international-draft-really-the-answer/ Inside Baseball’s Dominican Sweatshop System https://www.typeinvestigations.org/investigation/2013/03/04/inside-baseballs-dominican-sweatshop-system/ Baseball Is A Field Of Dreams — And Dashed Hopes — For Dominicans https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2016/04/03/472699693/baseball-is-a-field-of-dreams-and-dashed-hopes-for-dominicans MLB’s neo colonial practices in the Dominican Republic Academy system https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0193723521991404 Vox is an explanatory newsroom on a mission to help everyone understand our weird, wonderful, complicated world, so that we can all help shape it. Part of that mission is keeping our work free. You can help us do that by making a gift: http://www.vox.com/give-now Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom Check out our articles: https://www.vox.com/ Listen to our podcasts: https://www.vox.com/podcasts

Épisode 1589 - What I learned from taking a train across the US

18 juillet 2023

Here’s how US train travel went from excellent to mediocre. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO If you’ve taken the Amtrak recently, you might have no idea that the United States used to have the largest and wealthiest rail system in the world. How did the US go from having luxurious, widely used passenger trains to the Amtrak system we have today? Video producer Dean Peterson makes a 72-hour journey on Amtrak from LA to NYC to show its current state of operation. From getting kicked in the head by his sleeping seat mate to taking in sweeping views of the desert at sunset, Dean shows the highs and lows of being stuck on Amtrak for days on end. Along the way, he explains the history of passenger rail in the US — starting in the problematic robber baron era to the US government’s takeover of passenger rail. Will the United States ever catch up to the rest of the world when it comes to train travel, or are Americans stuck with an underfunded, inefficient rail network forever? Join Dean on his journey as he sets out to find out the answer to these questions and more. Sources: The Great Railroad Revolution by Christian Wolmar https://www.amazon.com/Great-Railroad-Revolution-History-America/dp/1610393473 Amtrak, America's Railroad: Transportation's Orphan and Its Struggle for Survival (Railroads Past and Present) by Geoffrey H. Doughty, Jeffrey T. Darbee, Eugene E. Harmon https://www.amazon.com/Amtrak-Americas-Railroad-Transportations-Railroads/dp/B0B5B5N3FL Conquering Gotham: Building Penn Station and Its Tunnels by Jill Jonnes https://www.amazon.com/Conquering-Gotham-Building-Station-Tunnels/dp/0143113240 The Pennsylvania Railroad, Volume 1: Building an Empire, 1846-1917 By Albert J. Churella https://www.amazon.com/Pennsylvania-Railroad-Building-1846-1917-American/dp/081224348X Zephyrs, chiefs & other orphans ; the first five years of Amtrak by Fred W Frailey https://www.amazon.com/Zephyrs-Chiefs-Other-Orphans-Amtrak/dp/B0006WTC1K The Golden Age of American Railroading by Judith Macy, Mary McInroy, and Robert McCown https://www.lib.uiowa.edu/exhibits/previous/railroad/ Association of American Railroads https://www.aar.org/chronology-of-americas-freight-railroads/#:~:text=The%20Great%20Depression%20devastated,abandonments%20and%20deferred%20maintenance More information about roadway deaths vs. train deaths from the US Department of Transportation: https://www.transportation.gov/NRSS/SafetyProblem Travel is back in a big way this summer. Vox’s first-ever travel guide is answering some of your most pressing questions about travel. Keep up on the site where new articles and videos are being published each week in July: https://www.vox.com/e/23499975 Vox is an explanatory newsroom on a mission to help everyone understand our weird, wonderful, complicated world, so that we can all help shape it. Part of that mission is keeping our work free. You can help us do that by making a gift: http://www.vox.com/givenow Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom Check out our articles: https://www.vox.com/ Listen to our podcasts: https://www.vox.com/podcasts

Épisode 1592 - Oppenheimer’s secret city, explained

20 juillet 2023

How Los Alamos built Oppenheimer’s bomb. Subscribe and turn on notifications ? so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Los Alamos quickly became the centerpiece of the Manhattan Project — the United States’ successful attempt to develop a nuclear bomb. But why was Los Alamos selected, and how did that relate to the selection of the subsequent testing site? The above video tells the story of Oppenheimer’s selection of the site and the unique culture that was built there. Los Alamos was more than a lab — it was a secret city, built for the express purpose of atomic development. Housing top scientists, their families, and support staff, this island of research led to a century-changing technological development. Further Reading Manhattan: The Army and the Atomic Bomb (https://history.army.mil/html/books/011/11-10/) This logistical history of the Manhattan project provides great non-scientific background on the Manhattan Project, including the selection, distribution, and construction of key sites around the country, as well as a guide to the bureaucracy that surrounded it. The Manhattan Project: Making the Bomb (https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1330716) This Department of Energy history covers similar ground with additional information on the Army Corps of Engineer’s role. Manhattan District History: Nonscientific Aspects of Los Alamos Project Y (https://www.osti.gov/biblio/4555247) This document provides a fine-grained look at the nitty gritty of Los Alamos, from prices at the commissary to accommodations for the residents. Vox is an explanatory newsroom on a mission to help everyone understand our weird, wonderful, complicated world, so that we can all help shape it. Part of that mission is keeping our work free. You can help us do that by making a gift: http://www.vox.com/givenow Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom Check out our articles: https://www.vox.com/ Listen to our podcasts: https://www.vox.com/podcasts

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Épisode 1 - Vox: Understand The News

Épisode 2 - How Obamacare's individual mandate works

Épisode 3 - Is another mass extinction on the horizon?

Épisode 4 - How is the world getting better? Charles Kenny explains

Épisode 5 - Stop freaking out about the debt

Épisode 6 - Why the government should provide internet access

Épisode 7 - How Obamacare will change health insurance forever

Épisode 8 - How single-payer health care works, in 2 minutes

Épisode 9 - Tax Day doesn't have to suck

Épisode 10 - Mark Kleiman on how legalized pot would change America

Épisode 11 - How bitcoin is like the internet in the 80s

Épisode 12 - Why presidential leadership can't solve gridlock

Épisode 13 - Keystone XL: The climate fight in miniature

Épisode 14 - Competent women are getting bypassed by overconfident men

Épisode 15 - How wealth inequality is dangerous for America

Épisode 16 - Timothy Geithner on the Great Recession

Épisode 17 - The decline of American democracy in one graph

Épisode 18 - Why conspiracy theories are rational to believe

Épisode 19 - How a bill really becomes a law: What Schoolhouse Rock missed

Épisode 20 - Nancy Pelosi on the Affordable Care Act

Épisode 21 - 10 things they don't talk about at graduation

Épisode 22 - The case for letting nurse practitioners do more

Épisode 23 - The simplest explanation for Eric Cantor's defeat

Épisode 24 - Vaccines do not cause autism, they save lives

Épisode 25 - The naked mole rat may help us cure cancer

Épisode 26 - A brief history of ISIS

Épisode 27 - Three big reasons war is going away

Épisode 28 - Simple things you can do to live longer

Épisode 29 - What is a Super PAC and should it be legal?

Épisode 30 - Are Republicans and big business headed for divorce?

Épisode 31 - Weed is not more dangerous than alcohol

Épisode 32 - America's child migrant crisis explained

Épisode 33 - Why is John Boehner suing President Obama?

Épisode 34 - The real Piper of 'Orange Is The New Black' on how prison is broken

Épisode 35 - The economic benefits of being beautiful

Épisode 36 - Should America offer reparations for slavery?

Épisode 37 - The Israel-Gaza crisis, explained in 3 minutes

Épisode 38 - Should NCAA players be paid?

Épisode 39 - What made North Korea so bizarre

Épisode 40 - Mark Bittman on what's wrong with food in America

Épisode 41 - 220 years of US population changes in one map

Épisode 42 - The 60-second case against time zones

Épisode 43 - What US airstrikes mean for Iraq's crisis

Épisode 44 - Does Megalodon still exist? Shark Week debunked

Épisode 45 - The roots of unrest in Ferguson

Épisode 46 - The racism of the US justice system in 10 charts

Épisode 47 - Ezra Klein explains the ice bucket challenge

Épisode 48 - Dr. Oz's three biggest weight loss lies, debunked

Épisode 49 - An earthquake in the developing world vs. the US

Épisode 50 - The final scene of the Sopranos, annotated

Épisode 51 - Why Russia is invading Ukraine, explained in 2 minutes

Épisode 52 - The NFL's concussion crisis, explained

Épisode 53 - As if teachers' jobs aren't hard enough, they're asked to fix poverty, too

Épisode 54 - Why Apple iPhone announcements dominate the news

Épisode 55 - ISIS in Obama's own words: from a joke to war in 9 months

Épisode 56 - How this Ebola outbreak became the worst we've ever seen

Épisode 57 - Chart: Lawmaking has a liberal bias

Épisode 58 - The US is bombing Syria to destroy ISIS. Here's why that won't work.

Épisode 59 - 11 mind-blowing facts about American health care dysfunction

Épisode 60 - What it's like living in a country ravaged by Ebola

Épisode 61 - The protests in Hong Kong, explained in 2 minutes

Épisode 62 - The most important chart of 2014, explained in under a minute

Épisode 63 - Dylan McDermott is the Nicolas Cage of television

Épisode 64 - Why recording the police is so important

Épisode 65 - Why you should get a flu shot every year

Épisode 66 - What's the smallest thing the human eye can see?

Épisode 67 - What will determine the 2014 midterms, explained in 8 bits

Épisode 68 - Do political ads on TV actually work?

Épisode 69 - Let's be calm and keep Ebola in perspective

Épisode 70 - Why an Ebola travel ban is a bad idea

Épisode 71 - The fascinating process of human decomposition

Épisode 72 - The 2014 midterm elections: 5 big takeaways

Épisode 73 - Personhood lost the midterms, but pro-life is winning the war

Épisode 74 - The huge new threat to Obamacare, explained in 2 minutes

Épisode 75 - Why do people run the marathon? I ran one to find out.

Épisode 76 - How we landed on a comet 300 million miles away

Épisode 77 - Basic income, explained